Language and Speech最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Lexical Stress Identification in Cochlear Implant-Simulated Speech by Non-Native Listeners. 非母语听者在人工耳蜗模拟语音中的词性重音识别。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231222207
Marita K Everhardt, Anastasios Sarampalis, Matt Coler, Deniz Bașkent, Wander Lowie
{"title":"Lexical Stress Identification in Cochlear Implant-Simulated Speech by Non-Native Listeners.","authors":"Marita K Everhardt, Anastasios Sarampalis, Matt Coler, Deniz Bașkent, Wander Lowie","doi":"10.1177/00238309231222207","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231222207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates whether a presumed difference in the perceptibility of cues to lexical stress in spectro-temporally degraded simulated cochlear implant (CI) speech affects how listeners weight these cues during a lexical stress identification task, specifically in their non-native language. Previous research suggests that in English, listeners predominantly rely on a reduction in vowel quality as a cue to lexical stress. In Dutch, changes in the fundamental frequency (F0) contour seem to have a greater functional weight than the vowel quality contrast. Generally, non-native listeners use the cue-weighting strategies from their native language in the non-native language. Moreover, few studies have suggested that these cues to lexical stress are differently perceptible in spectro-temporally degraded electric hearing, as CI users appear to make more effective use of changes in vowel quality than of changes in the F0 contour as cues to linguistic phenomena. In this study, native Dutch learners of English identified stressed syllables in CI-simulated and non-CI-simulated Dutch and English words that contained changes in the F0 contour and vowel quality as cues to lexical stress. The results indicate that neither the cue-weighting strategies in the native language nor in the non-native language are influenced by the perceptibility of cues in the spectro-temporally degraded speech signal. These results are in contrast to our expectations based on previous research and support the idea that cue weighting is a flexible and transferable process.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Processing of English Coda Laterals in L2 Listeners: An Eye-Tracking Study. 二语听力者对英语尾语的加工:眼动追踪研究。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231203899
Yizhou Wang
{"title":"Processing of English Coda Laterals in L2 Listeners: An Eye-Tracking Study.","authors":"Yizhou Wang","doi":"10.1177/00238309231203899","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231203899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores speech processing of English coda laterals (dark L's) in second language (L2) listeners whose native language does not permit laterals at syllable coda positions. We tested L2 listeners' (native Mandarin) perception of coda laterals following three Australian English vowels differing in phonological backness, including /iː/, /ʉː/, and /oː/, which represent a front vowel, and central vowel, and a back vowel, respectively. L2 listeners first completed an AX task which tested their ability to discriminate between /iː/-/iːl/, /ʉː/-/ʉːl/, and /oː/-/oːl/, and then they completed an identification task with eye-tracking which tested their ability to distinguish vowel-lateral sequences and bare vowel categories using explicit phonological-orthographical labels. The results show that vowel backness plays a key role in L2 listeners' perceptual accuracy of English coda laterals, whereas the eye-tracking and identification data suggest some paradigmatic differences between the two tasks. Mandarin listeners show excellent discrimination and identification of coda laterals following a front vowel and poor performance following a back vowel, whereas the central vowel has led to intermediate patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"909-923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66784587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relating Tabooness to Humor and Arousal Ratings in American English: What the F*** Is so Funny? 将美国英语中的 "禁忌"(Tabooness)与 "幽默"(Humor)和 "兴奋度"(Arousal Ratings)联系起来:有什么好笑的?
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241228863
Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James, Pengbo Hu, Genevieve Gray
{"title":"Relating Tabooness to Humor and Arousal Ratings in American English: What the F*** Is so Funny?","authors":"Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James, Pengbo Hu, Genevieve Gray","doi":"10.1177/00238309241228863","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241228863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion can have a profound effect on language processing, and taboo words have been increasingly used in research as highly emotional, negatively valenced stimuli. However, because taboo words as a lexical category are socially constructed and semantically idiosyncratic, they may also have complex emotional characteristics. This complexity may not be fully considered by researchers using taboo words as research stimuli. This study gathered tabooness, humor, and arousal ratings to provide a resource for researchers to better understand the sources and characteristics of the strong emotions generated by taboo words. A total of 411 participants aged 18-83 were recruited via online platforms, and all participants rated the same 264 words on tabooness, humor, and arousal. Analyses indicated that tabooness and humor ratings were positively related to each other, and both were predicted by arousal ratings. The set of ratings included here provides a tool for researchers using taboo stimuli, and our findings highlight methodological considerations while broadening our understanding of the cognitive and linguistic nature of highly emotional language.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Orkish Sound Evil? Perception of Fantasy Languages and Their Phonetic and Phonological Characteristics. 奥克语听起来邪恶吗?幻想语言的感知及其语音和音系特征。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231202944
Christine Mooshammer, Dominique Bobeck, Henrik Hornecker, Kierán Meinhardt, Olga Olina, Marie Christin Walch, Qiang Xia
{"title":"Does Orkish Sound Evil? Perception of Fantasy Languages and Their Phonetic and Phonological Characteristics.","authors":"Christine Mooshammer, Dominique Bobeck, Henrik Hornecker, Kierán Meinhardt, Olga Olina, Marie Christin Walch, Qiang Xia","doi":"10.1177/00238309231202944","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231202944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constructed languages, frequently invented to support world-building in fantasy and science fiction genres, are often intended to sound similar to the characteristics of the people who speak them. The aims of this study are (1) to investigate whether some fictional languages, such as Orkish whose speakers are portrayed as villainous, are rated more negatively by listeners than, for example, the Elvish languages, even when they are all produced without emotional involvement in the voice; and (2) to investigate whether the rating results can be related to the sound structure of the languages under investigation. An online rating experiment with three 7-point semantic differential scales was conducted, in which three sentences from each of 12 fictional languages (Neo-Orkish, Quenya, Sindarin, Khuzdul, Adûnaic, Klingon, Vulcan, Atlantean, Dothraki, Na'vi, Kesh, ʕuiʕuid) were rated, spoken by a female and a male speaker. The results from 129 participants indicate that Klingon and Dothraki do indeed sound more unpleasant, evil, and aggressive than the Elvish languages Sindarin and Quenya. Furthermore, this difference in rating is predicted by certain characteristics of the sound structure, such as the percentage of non-German sounds and the percentage of voicing. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to theories of language attitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"961-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
English Vowel Discrimination and Perceptual Assimilation by Japanese Listeners. 日语听者的英语元音辨别与感知同化。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231209311
Yasuaki Shinohara, Chao Han, Arild Hestvik
{"title":"English Vowel Discrimination and Perceptual Assimilation by Japanese Listeners.","authors":"Yasuaki Shinohara, Chao Han, Arild Hestvik","doi":"10.1177/00238309231209311","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231209311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether the discrimination accuracy of nonnative vowels could be predicted by how listeners assimilate nonnative phones into their L1. The results demonstrated that Japanese listeners discriminated between English /æ/ and /ʌ/ better than they did between /ɑ/ and /ʌ/, although they categorized all those stimuli as the Japanese /a/. Given that the acoustic distance between stimuli was controlled to be identical, this result was attributed not to the acoustic difference but to the category-goodness difference. The goodness-of-fit to the Japanese /a/ phoneme differed between the English /æ/ and /ʌ/ but not between the English /ɑ/ and /ʌ/, suggesting that it is more difficult to discriminate between vowels when the category-goodness difference between two nonnative stimuli is smaller. In addition, this study examined the relationship between perceptual assimilation and the focalization effect. Focalization affects directional asymmetry in a manner that renders detecting a sound change from a more-focal to a less-focal vowel more difficult than detecting a change in the opposite direction. The results demonstrated that this directional asymmetry is only observed when listeners assimilate two nonnative phones into a single L1 phonemic category, with no category-goodness difference between the two nonnative phones.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"945-960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building a Grammatical Network: Form and Function in the Development of Hebrew Prepositions. 构建语法网络:希伯来语介词发展过程中的形式与功能。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241288906
Elisheva Salmon, Dorit Ravid, Elitzur Dattner
{"title":"Building a Grammatical Network: Form and Function in the Development of Hebrew Prepositions.","authors":"Elisheva Salmon, Dorit Ravid, Elitzur Dattner","doi":"10.1177/00238309241288906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309241288906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the emergence of prepositions in Hebrew-speaking children aged 2;6-6;0 years, analyzing a peer talk corpus of 75 children across five age groups. Across 45-minute triadic conversations, we examined the distributions, semantic functions, and form-function relations of prepositions. Two results sections are presented. First, using network analysis, we modeled the development of form-function correlations of Hebrew prepositions. Second, we conducted qualitative developmental analyses of the distributions and semantics of all prepositions identified in the study. Our findings reveal that prepositions expressed 22 functions, predominantly grammatical, spatial, and temporal. With age, the use of prepositions increased, abstract functions became more prevalent, and functions were served by a broader range of prepositions. The data suggest the emergence of systematic relations, forming network-based clusters or communities of semantically related functions. This systematic growth of the prepositional category signifies not just lexical but also syntactic development in Hebrew, transitioning from lexicalized preposition-marked verb arguments to diverse, abstract preposition-marked syntactic adjuncts, which enrich clause-level complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309241288906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-Linguistic Phonetic Variation in Bilingual Speech: Cantonese /n/ > [l] Merger in Early Cantonese-English Bilinguals. 双语语音中的跨语言音变:早期粤英双语者的粤语 /n/ > [l] 合并。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241280182
Rachel Soo, Molly Babel, Khia A Johnson
{"title":"Cross-Linguistic Phonetic Variation in Bilingual Speech: Cantonese /n/ > [l] Merger in Early Cantonese-English Bilinguals.","authors":"Rachel Soo, Molly Babel, Khia A Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00238309241280182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309241280182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>/n/ is merging with /l/ in Cantonese, as well as in several other Chinese languages. The Cantonese merger appears categorical, with /n/ becoming /l/ syllable-initially. This project aims to describe /n/ and /l/ in Cantonese and English speech from early Cantonese-English bilinguals to better understand the status of the merger in Cantonese and its potential for cross-linguistic mutual influence. We examine early bilinguals' (<i>n</i> = 34) speech using the Speech in Cantonese and English (SpiCE) corpus, focusing on pre-vocalic /n/ and /l/ onsets in both languages. Items were auditorily coded for their perceived category identity, and two acoustic measures anticipated to have the potential to differentiate /n/ and /l/ within and across languages were applied. In English, bilinguals maintained a clear contrast between /n/ and /l/ in the auditory coding and in acoustic measurements. In Cantonese, however, there were higher rates of [l] for /n/ items, in line with the merger, and [n] for /l/ items, indicating hypercorrection of the pattern. Across languages, bilinguals produced language-specific /l/s, but there were no acoustic differences between Cantonese and English /n/. The participation of Cantonese /n/ in a sound change does not appear to compromise English /n/s' patterning, suggesting that Cantonese and English /n/ are maintained as distinct categories in the minds of early bilinguals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309241280182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aptitude, Anxiety, and Success in L2 Speech Development: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese EFL College-Level Learners. 第二语言语音发展中的能力、焦虑和成功:中国 EFL 大学水平学习者的纵向研究。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241281741
Yang Zhou
{"title":"Aptitude, Anxiety, and Success in L2 Speech Development: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese EFL College-Level Learners.","authors":"Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00238309241281741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309241281741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the second language (L2) speech development of a group of Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) college-level learners (<i>N</i> = 83) and the association between their aptitude, anxiety, and L2 speech development. The performance of the participants' L2 speech, including speech comprehensibility and accentedness, was evaluated using a sentence reading task and a pair of picture description tasks (pre- and post-test). In addition, students completed the LLAMA tests (language learning and aptitude measurement in adults) and the Second Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (SLSAS). The <i>t</i>-test revealed that after one semester of English speaking and pronunciation instruction, the EFL students in the study demonstrated significant gains in their L2 speech performance in terms of accentedness and comprehensibility in both controlled and impromptu tasks. Regression analyses revealed that phonemic coding ability positively predicted gains in comprehensibility but negatively predicted gains in accentedness during sentence reading. In addition, associative memory was positively associated with comprehensibility gains in the picture description task. Anxiety appeared to be a strong predictor of participants' gains in speech comprehensibility and accentedness during the picture description task.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309241281741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pronunciation of Vowel Digraphs in Nonwords: A Replication and Extension. 非词中元音数词的发音:重复与扩展》。
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241276008
Eda Naz Gokdemir, Margaret Burkhart, Laurel Semprebon, Jianjun Hua, Donna Coch
{"title":"Pronunciation of Vowel Digraphs in Nonwords: A Replication and Extension.","authors":"Eda Naz Gokdemir, Margaret Burkhart, Laurel Semprebon, Jianjun Hua, Donna Coch","doi":"10.1177/00238309241276008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309241276008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In English, the pronunciation of a vowel digraph can vary; for example, <i>ea</i> is pronounced /ɛ/ in <i>bread</i> but /i/ in <i>beach</i> and /eɪ/ in <i>break</i>. We investigated participant-level effects on the pronunciation of ambiguous vowel digraphs in nonwords (e.g., <i>yeath</i>) using standardized test measures of six reading-related skills in 80 young adults. We employed both an established written task and set of nonword stimuli and a spoken version of the task with the same stimuli. We largely replicated the previously reported pattern of preferred nonword pronunciations in both the written and spoken versions of the task. Generalized linear mixed-effects model analyses revealed that individual differences in phonological memory, spelling knowledge, and word reading efficiency contributed to pronunciation choice beyond item-level effects. Overall, taken together with the results of item-level analyses, our findings are consistent with models and theories in which specific reading-related skills, intralexical context, and interlexical pronunciation knowledge influence ambiguous vowel digraph pronunciation in nonword reading in fluently reading young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309241276008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increased Breathiness in Adolescent Kiezdeutsch Speakers: A Marker of Multiethnolectal Group Affiliation? 青少年 Kiezdeutsch 说话者呼吸量增加:多耳语群体隶属关系的标志?
IF 1.1 2区 文学
Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241269059
Joshua Penney, Melanie Weirich, Stefanie Jannedy
{"title":"Increased Breathiness in Adolescent Kiezdeutsch Speakers: A Marker of Multiethnolectal Group Affiliation?","authors":"Joshua Penney, Melanie Weirich, Stefanie Jannedy","doi":"10.1177/00238309241269059","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241269059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kiezdeutsch is a multiethnolectal variety of German spoken by young people from multicultural communities that exhibits lexical, syntactic, and phonetic differences from standard German. A rather salient and pervasive feature of this variety is the fronting of the standard palatal fricative /ç/ (as in <i>ich</i> \"I\") to [ɕ] or [ʃ]. Previous perception work shows that this difference is salient and carries social meaning but dependent on the listener group. Further investigations also point to the significance of /ɔɪ/-fronting in production; however, whether this is salient in perception has not yet been investigated. In several (multi)ethnolectal varieties, differences in voice quality compared to the standard have been identified. Therefore, in this study, we present an acoustic comparison of voice quality in adolescent speakers of Kiezdeutsch and standard German, with results showing that Kiezdeutsch speakers produce a breathier voice quality. In addition, we report on a perception test designed to examine the social meaning of voice quality in combination with two segmental cues: coronalization of /ç/ and /ɔɪ/-fronting. The results indicate perceptual gradience for phonetic alternations detected in Kiezdeutsch with coronalization of /ç/ being a highly salient and reliable marker, whereas fronting of /ɔɪ/ and breathy voice do not appear to be clearly enregistered features of Kiezdeutsch by all listeners. Thus, even though we find differences in production, these may not necessarily be relevant in perception, pointing toward enregisterment- like sound change-being a continuous process of forming learned associations through tokens of experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309241269059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信