Language and Speech最新文献_第4页

Gradience in Sonority Sequencing: Evidence From German and Russian. 声音序列的梯度：来自德语和俄语的证据。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261464575

Rowena Garcia, Ludger Paschen, Natalie Boll-Avetisyan

{"title":"Gradience in Sonority Sequencing: Evidence From German and Russian.","authors":"Rowena Garcia, Ludger Paschen, Natalie Boll-Avetisyan","doi":"10.1177/00238309261464575","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309261464575","url":null,"abstract":"This research empirically tests the claim that the sonority sequencing principle (SSP), which dictates that syllables rise in sonority from the edges towards the nucleus, is gradient. This was tested on two languages that vary in their adherence to the SSP, that is, German, which does not allow SSP violations outside of sibilant-initial clusters, and Russian, a language that has more SSP violations. We performed corpus-based lexical statistics to test whether the type frequency (Study 1) and probability of attestedness (Study 2) of word-initial consonant clusters are predicted by sonority difference, that is, the degree by which the consonants in the clusters differed in sonority. In Study 1, we found that in both German and Russian, the higher the sonority difference, the higher the type frequency of a consonant cluster. However, this generalisation only held for non-sibilant-initial clusters. In Study 2, we found that the higher the sonority difference, the higher the probability of a cluster being attested in German and Russian. This finding was also observed for sibilant-initial clusters. Overall, these results provide empirical evidence that the SSP is gradient and can be quantitatively observed even within languages that contain SSP violations. Moreover, our findings highlight the need to consider the special status of sibilant-initial clusters in SSP analyses.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261464575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148724124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

L1 Framing Typology and Acoustic Differences in L2 Speech: Insights From Motion Constructions. 第二语言中母语框架类型和声学差异：来自动作结构的见解。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261472885

Carissa A Diantoro, Hakyung Sung, Melissa M Baese-Berk

{"title":"L1 Framing Typology and Acoustic Differences in L2 Speech: Insights From Motion Constructions.","authors":"Carissa A Diantoro, Hakyung Sung, Melissa M Baese-Berk","doi":"10.1177/00238309261472885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261472885","url":null,"abstract":"Languages differ in how they construct motion events. These crosslinguistic differences, referred to as framing typology, affect how speakers of different languages conceptualize motion events. Differences in event conceptualization may also transfer to the L2 (conceptual transfer), as shown from learners' grammatical choices and their gestures. However, it is unclear whether L1-based conceptualization patterns can also extend to the acoustic domain of L2 speech production. Therefore, this study examined read speech from two spoken corpora of L2 English speakers whose L1s were of different framing typologies. English production from Korean and Turkish L1 speakers (V-framed) was compared to that of L1 German and L1 English speakers (S-framed). Various acoustic measurements of duration, pitch and intensity were extracted and analyzed. Results show no reliable acoustic differences between the two framing typologies, but rather show differences between native and non-native English speakers. Post hoc acoustic analyses further show how native and non-native English speakers differ. Our results suggest that speech production may be one modality where conceptual transfer of framing typology is not easily observable and that differences in L2 speech production can be best explained as resulting from articulatory differences between native and non-native speakers of the target language.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261472885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Substantive Bias Through Incidental Phonological Learning: Accuracy and Conscious Status of the Resultant Knowledge. 通过附带语音学习探索实体偏见：结果知识的准确性和意识状态。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261464113

Xiaoyu Yu, Yuyan Xue, Youngah Do

{"title":"Exploring Substantive Bias Through Incidental Phonological Learning: Accuracy and Conscious Status of the Resultant Knowledge.","authors":"Xiaoyu Yu, Yuyan Xue, Youngah Do","doi":"10.1177/00238309261464113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261464113","url":null,"abstract":"In phonological learning, the substantive bias hypothesis holds that phonetically natural patterns (e.g., vowel harmony) are more learnable than unnatural ones (e.g., vowel disharmony). However, many empirical studies have failed to find evidence for this bias. One possible reason for such null results is the involvement of intentional learning. In addition, previous studies largely relied on accuracy rates as a measure of this bias and mostly assumed unconscious resultant knowledge without adequate consciousness measures. Given these two concerns, our study made two improvements to further investigate the conditions of emergence and forms of manifestation of substantive bias. First, a disguise task was included to minimize intentional learning. Second, in addition to accuracy rates, we comprehensively measured the conscious status of resultant knowledge as another potential form of manifestation of substantive bias. Results showed overall low learning rates of both vowel harmony and disharmony. Interestingly, contrary to our predictions, participants exposed to vowel disharmonic items had a higher likelihood of possessing conscious judgment knowledge than those exposed to vowel harmonic items, although the two groups were comparable in overall accuracy rates and likelihood of possessing conscious structural knowledge. We attribute this finding to the possibility that vowel disharmonic items may be perceptually more distinctive at least under a sufficiently incidental learning context. This finding may thus support substantive bias through measures of knowledge consciousness during incidental phonological learning.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261464113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lexical Frequency Within Grammatical Bounds: Phonological Default and Inflection-Class Conditioning in Greek Nominal Stress. 语法范围内的词汇频率：希腊语名义重音的语音默认和屈折类制约。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261463195

Anthi Revithiadou, Giorgos Markopoulos, Kosmas Kosmidis, Ilias Mittas, Maria Soukalopoulou, Vassiliki Apostolouda

{"title":"Lexical Frequency Within Grammatical Bounds: Phonological Default and Inflection-Class Conditioning in Greek Nominal Stress.","authors":"Anthi Revithiadou, Giorgos Markopoulos, Kosmas Kosmidis, Ilias Mittas, Maria Soukalopoulou, Vassiliki Apostolouda","doi":"10.1177/00238309261463195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261463195","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates whether lexical frequency drives stress assignment in Greek, a morphology-dependent stress system. We examine the stress distributions of trisyllabic nouns from seven inflection classes across three lexical databases (GreekLex 2, the HNC Golden Corpus, and HelexKids 2.0) and compare them with the stress patterns produced by adults and elementary school children (Grades 3 and 6) in a pseudo-noun elicitation task. Using hypothesis testing for proportions, frequentist and Bayesian generalized linear mixed-effects models, Bayes Factor analyses, and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that speakers' stress choices do not replicate lexical frequency distributions. Adults show systematic inflection-class conditioning: their stress patterns broadly follow the lexicon's dominant stress pattern per inflection class but depart from its distributional frequencies. Children exhibit a strong, frequency-insensitive preference for penultimate stress that persists across inflection classes, with only traces of suffix-specific stress preferences emerging in Grade 6. We argue that lexical frequency operates within grammatically imposed boundaries: the phonological default and inflection-class conditioning together determine the extent to which distributional patterns in the lexicon shape stress assignment.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261463195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-Native English-Speaking Young Adults Experience Difficulties Inferencing the Meaning of Novel Words in Noisy Environments in their Second Language. 非英语为母语的年轻人在嘈杂的第二语言环境中推理新单词的意义时遇到困难。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261458808

Carlos R Benítez-Barrera, Mohammad Hossein Behboudi, Prasanth Chalamalasetty, Stephanie Castro, Emily Leung, Mandy J Maguire

{"title":"Non-Native English-Speaking Young Adults Experience Difficulties Inferencing the Meaning of Novel Words in Noisy Environments in their Second Language.","authors":"Carlos R Benítez-Barrera, Mohammad Hossein Behboudi, Prasanth Chalamalasetty, Stephanie Castro, Emily Leung, Mandy J Maguire","doi":"10.1177/00238309261458808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261458808","url":null,"abstract":"Learning in noise is difficult, but it might be even more difficult for those who are listening to language in their non-native language. In this study, we aimed to understand whether non-native English speakers have greater difficulties than native speakers when inferring the meaning of new words in real-world noisy conditions (i.e., classrooms). Twenty-four native and 23 non-native English-speaking college students (47 total participants) participated in the study. We evaluated their ability to use semantic context to infer the meaning of novel words in noise and in quiet. We implemented a Logistic Mixed-Model to analyze the main effects of language background (non-native vs. native), listening condition (quiet vs. noise), and its interaction (listening condition × language background). We found that non-native speakers were disproportionately impacted by the presence of background noise when inferring the meaning of novel words. No differences were observed between the groups in quiet conditions. Our findings show that non-native speakers might be at a disadvantage when inferring the meaning of new words in real-world listening conditions. This could negatively impact their ability to learn new vocabulary in academic settings. Future research should explore how individual differences in linguistic skills among bilingual young adults, such as second-language proficiency, modulate their ability to infer novel word meanings in noise.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261458808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Long-Term Chinese Dialect Use on Mandarin Tone Production and Perception: Evidence from Late Middle-Aged Puxian Min Speakers. 长期使用汉语方言对普通话声调产生和感知的影响：来自中老年浦县闽人的证据。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261462539

Mingjun Ji, Jinwei Lan, Jianhan Lei, Can Zhang, Jin Fang, Boquan Liu

{"title":"The Impact of Long-Term Chinese Dialect Use on Mandarin Tone Production and Perception: Evidence from Late Middle-Aged Puxian Min Speakers.","authors":"Mingjun Ji, Jinwei Lan, Jianhan Lei, Can Zhang, Jin Fang, Boquan Liu","doi":"10.1177/00238309261462539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261462539","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical models of second language speech acquisition generally propose that a learner's ability to produce speech is closely linked to their perceptual representations. Although some studies have explored this phenomenon among learners from typologically distant backgrounds, empirical research on the acquisition of closely related, yet distinct, tonal systems remains limited. Addressing this gap, this study investigates Mandarin tone acquisition by late middle-aged native speakers of Puxian Min, a Southern Chinese dialect. This demographic is characterized by delayed, naturalistic Mandarin exposure and deeply entrenched native tonal habits. Specifically, the study investigates the production-perception relationship across different prosodic contexts, including monosyllabic words, the initial syllables of disyllabic words, and the final syllables of disyllabic words, by assessing tone production through a reading task and tone perception through a discrimination task. Results demonstrated that tonal realization was highly sensitive to prosodic structures, with targets in disyllabic words, especially in word-initial positions, yielding greater accuracy than isolated monosyllables. At the tonal categorical level, T1 and T4 proved robust, whereas T3 emerged as the most vulnerable category, frequently merging with T2. Crucially, overall statistical analyses confirmed a moderate positive alignment between learners' tone production and perception. These findings highlight the interaction between tone production and perception, suggesting that long-term exposure to Chinese dialects may shape the cognitive representation of Mandarin tonal categories. This study offers valuable insights into tone acquisition in language contact situations and has implications for future research on second language phonological development.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261462539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Information Structural Expectations in the Perception of Prosodically Modulated Cues: Testing Vowel Duration as a Cue to Coda Obstruent Voicing in American English. 韵律调节线索感知中的信息结构期望：美国英语中元音持续时间作为尾语障碍发声线索的测试。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261461547

Jeremy Steffman, Carrie Chow

{"title":"Information Structural Expectations in the Perception of Prosodically Modulated Cues: Testing Vowel Duration as a Cue to Coda Obstruent Voicing in American English.","authors":"Jeremy Steffman, Carrie Chow","doi":"10.1177/00238309261461547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261461547","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how expectations for prosodic prominence, as related to information structure, influence speech perception in line with how segmental cues are modulated by prosodic prominence in so-called \"prominence strengthening\" in production. Following the general methodology of a previous study, which elicited listeners' explicit judgements of prominence, listeners heard target sentences that were preceded by contexts that set up the critical utterance-final word to be relatively prominent or not, based on the information-structural relation it held with the preceding context. We first replicated that listeners shift explicit prominence ratings (of identical speech stimuli) on the basis of preceding context. We then show that these effects translate to the perception of vowel duration as a cue to voicing: listeners appear to effectively compensate for expected vowel lengthening under prominence, in line with previous studies that have sought to manipulate prosodic prominence within the speech signal itself. Finally, we find that explicit judgements for length are influenced by actual/veridical vowel duration, but not by preceding context. Results are discussed in terms of how they inform our understanding of prosody, and more specifically prominence, in speech perception.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261461547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconsidering Listener Evaluations of Creaky Voice. 重新考虑听众对沙哑声音的评价。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261460031

Sarah Rose Bellavance, Susannah V Levi

{"title":"Reconsidering Listener Evaluations of Creaky Voice.","authors":"Sarah Rose Bellavance, Susannah V Levi","doi":"10.1177/00238309261460031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261460031","url":null,"abstract":"In U.S. English, nonpathological creaky voice (vocal fry) is a common voice quality that contributes meaningful linguistic information. However, several studies have found that speakers who use creaky voice, particularly young women, are rated as sounding less hirable and less pleasant. The current study reexamines these findings by using utterances with spontaneously produced creaky voice in one of its most common locations (phrase-final position). In addition, five different listener groups varying in age and gender (younger women, younger men, younger nonbinary listeners, older women, older men) were recruited to explore which listeners exhibit more negative perceptions of creaky voice. We selected spontaneously produced sentences from 10 speakers such that half had creak on the final word and half did not. A total of 104 listeners rated the sentences on a hirability scale and a pleasantness scale. Then, they completed implicit and explicit association tasks about gender and career roles. Contrary to previous research, listeners did not rate sentences with phrase-final creaky voice as less hirable or less pleasant overall, although older women rated the sentences with creaky voice as sounding less pleasant than sentences without creak. Younger nonbinary listeners rated voices as sounding more hirable overall (regardless of creak status) than either younger women or younger men. Taken together, these results suggest that phrase-final creak, when produced spontaneously, is not universally perceived more negatively than fully modal productions.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261460031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dialectal and Individual Influences on Nasality Perception: Evidence From Midland and Inland North. 方言和个体对鼻音知觉的影响：来自中部和内陆北部的证据。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261462541

Monica O'Neill, Sarah Bolt, Mindy Agranoff, Sami Shaffer, Youkyung Bae

{"title":"Dialectal and Individual Influences on Nasality Perception: Evidence From Midland and Inland North.","authors":"Monica O'Neill, Sarah Bolt, Mindy Agranoff, Sami Shaffer, Youkyung Bae","doi":"10.1177/00238309261462541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261462541","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how dialectal background and individual production patterns influence nasality perception in American English, focusing on Midland and Inland North listeners. Forty-one adults from the two dialect regions completed nasometric testing to index oral-nasal balance characteristics (nasalance). Nasality perception was assessed using direct magnitude estimation (DME) of phrase-level synthetic stimuli, representing a continuum of synthesized velopharyngeal (VP) port sizes (0-0.20 cm2, in 0.04 cm2 steps). Results showed no significant between-dialect differences in nasalance. In contrast, DME ratings increased systematically with synthesized VP port size and differed by dialect, with Inland North listeners assigning higher ratings than Midland listeners, particularly at larger synthesized VP port sizes, yielding a significant dialect-by-synthesized VP port size interaction. Correlation analyses further examined production-perception relationships and revealed a significant negative association between nasalance and DME ratings for the 0.08 cm2 stimulus among Midland listeners, whereas no such association emerged among Inland North listeners. These findings indicate that perceptual judgments of nasality may vary even when production measures appear comparable. One possible explanation is that dialect contact may reduce production differences while perceptual representations remain relatively stable. The production-perception relationship observed exclusively for the 0.08 cm2 stimulus among Midland listeners further suggests that such links may be most evident when external stimulus contrast is minimal and listeners' production and perceptual norms remain aligned. More broadly, these findings support the view that nasality perception is shaped by experience-based listener factors, consistent with exemplar and normalization accounts of speech perception.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261462541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the Majority Language Shape the Pragmatic Relevance of Prosody? Evidence From Heritage Speakers of Turkish in Germany. 多数语言是否塑造了韵律的语用关联？来自德国土耳其语传统使用者的证据。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2026-07-03 DOI: 10.1177/00238309261454374

Hatice Zora, Michelle Vuong, Barış Kabak

{"title":"Does the Majority Language Shape the Pragmatic Relevance of Prosody? Evidence From Heritage Speakers of Turkish in Germany.","authors":"Hatice Zora, Michelle Vuong, Barış Kabak","doi":"10.1177/00238309261454374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309261454374","url":null,"abstract":"While bilingual studies have extensively explored crosslinguistic transfer across various domains, prosody remains relatively underexplored. This study addresses the gap by contributing experimental data on prosodic transfer at lexical and pragmatic levels in heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany. Given typological differences between Turkish and German prosody, this population is ideal for examining whether the heritage language (Turkish) is influenced by the majority language (German) in processing prosodic information across linguistic levels. In a recent study, Zora et al. examined how majority language speakers of Turkish interpret prosodic cues, specifically lexical stress and prosodic focus, when assessing sentence acceptability. Forty participants rated sentences containing prosodic violations, revealing that lexical stress violations elicited lower acceptability than prosodic focus violations. This suggests that lexical-level prosody, rather than pragmatic-level prosody, plays a more central role in spoken comprehension for majority language speakers of Turkish. Building on these findings, this study applies the same paradigm to 40 heritage Turkish speakers in Germany. Results show the reverse pattern, such that prosodic focus violations were rated less acceptable than lexical stress violations. Typologically, this aligns with Germanic languages, where prosodic focus holds greater weight in interpretation under the same experimental paradigm. The results further revealed that proficiency modulated sensitivity to prosodic information, such that high-proficiency speakers of Turkish judged both stress and focus violations as incorrect, whereas low-proficiency speakers judged only focus violations as incorrect. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of prosodic transfer, potentially from German to Turkish, and the significant role of language dominance and proficiency in shaping bilingual prosodic processing.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"238309261454374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148383114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0