Vitamins and Hormones最新文献_第8页

The potential role of environmental factors in modulating mitochondrial DNA epigenetic marks. 环境因素在调节线粒体DNA表观遗传标记中的潜在作用。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.011

Brad A Ryva, Zheng Zhou, Jaclyn M Goodrich, Rita S Strakovsky

{"title":"The potential role of environmental factors in modulating mitochondrial DNA epigenetic marks.","authors":"Brad A Ryva, Zheng Zhou, Jaclyn M Goodrich, Rita S Strakovsky","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of numerous chronic diseases. Mitochondria are responsible for most cellular energy production, and unlike other cytoplasmic organelles, mitochondria contain their own genome. Most research to date, through investigating mitochondrial DNA copy number, has focused on larger structural changes or alterations to the entire mitochondrial genome and their role in human disease. Using these methods, mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to cancers, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic health. However, like the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial genome may experience epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation that may partially explain some of the health effects of various exposures. Recently, there has been a movement to understand human health and disease within the context of the exposome, which aims to describe and quantify the entirety of all exposures people encounter throughout their lives. These include, among others, environmental pollutants, occupational exposures, heavy metals, and lifestyle and behavioral factors. In this chapter, we summarize the current research on mitochondria and human health, provide an overview of the current knowledge on mitochondrial epigenetics, and describe the experimental and epidemiologic studies that have investigated particular exposures and their relationships with mitochondrial epigenetic modifications. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for future directions in epidemiologic and experimental research that is needed to advance the growing field of mitochondrial epigenetics.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"122 ","pages":"107-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9324231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mutations at hypothetical binding site 2 in insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2. 胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1和2中假想结合位点2的突变。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.010

Jiří Jiráček, Irena Selicharová, Lenka Žáková

{"title":"Mutations at hypothetical binding site 2 in insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2.","authors":"Jiří Jiráček, Irena Selicharová, Lenka Žáková","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Elucidating how insulin and the related insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) bind to their cellular receptors (IR and IGF-1R) and how the receptors are activated has been the holy grail for generations of scientists. However, deciphering the 3D structure of tyrosine kinase receptors and their hormone-bound complexes has been complicated by the flexible and dimeric nature of the receptors and the dynamic nature of their interaction with hormones. Therefore, mutagenesis of hormones and kinetic studies first became an important tool for studying receptor interactions. It was suggested that hormones could bind to receptors through two binding sites on the hormone surface called site 1 and site 2. A breakthrough in knowledge came with the solution of cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) structures of hormone-receptor complexes. In this chapter, we document in detail the mutagenesis of insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 with emphasis on modifications of the hypothetical binding site 2 in the hormones, and we discuss the results of structure-activity studies in light of recent cryoEM structures of hormone complexes with IR and IGF-1R.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"123 ","pages":"187-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10299442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A structural perspective of liver X receptors. 肝脏X受体的结构观点。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.008

Jan-Åke Gustafsson, Xian Chang Li, Ji Ho Suh, Xiaohua Lou

引用次数: 0

Crosstalk between epigenetics and tumor promoting androgen signaling in prostate cancer. 前列腺癌中表观遗传学与促肿瘤雄激素信号传导的串扰。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.007

Vipendra Kumar Singh, K M Kainat, Pradeep Kumar Sharma

{"title":"Crosstalk between epigenetics and tumor promoting androgen signaling in prostate cancer.","authors":"Vipendra Kumar Singh, K M Kainat, Pradeep Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major health burdens among all cancer types in men globally. Early diagnosis and efficacious treatment options are highly warranted as far as the incidence of PCa is concerned. Androgen-dependent transcriptional activation of androgen receptor (AR) is central to the prostate tumorigenesis and therefore hormonal ablation therapy remains the first line of treatment for PCa in the clinics. However, the molecular signaling engaged in AR-dependent PCa initiation and progression is infrequent and diverse. Moreover, apart from the genomic changes, non-genomic changes such as epigenetic modifications have also been suggested as critical regulator of PCa development. Among the non-genomic mechanisms, various epigenetic changes such as histones modifications, chromatin methylation and noncoding RNAs regulations etc. play decisive role in the prostate tumorigenesis. Given that epigenetic modifications are reversible using pharmacological modifiers, various promising therapeutic approaches have been designed for the better management of PCa. In this chapter, we discuss the epigenetic control of tumor promoting AR signaling that underlies the mechanism of prostate tumorigenesis and progression. In addition, we have discussed the approaches and opportunities to develop novel epigenetic modifications based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCa including castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"122 ","pages":"253-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9318250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in delaying aging and preventing disease by inhibiting oxidative stress. 维生素D通过抑制氧化应激延缓衰老和预防疾病的作用机制。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.004

Dengshun Miao, David Goltzman

{"title":"Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in delaying aging and preventing disease by inhibiting oxidative stress.","authors":"Dengshun Miao, David Goltzman","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"Although several recent studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation beneficially decreases oxidative stress parameters, there is no consensus on this subject in humans. Thus the role of vitamin D supplementation has recently become a controversial topic because large intervention studies in humans have not shown significant benefits. These studies have indicated that supplementation with precursor forms of active vitamin D has no effect on all-cause mortality, cannot reduce the fracture risk of the elderly, cannot reduce the incidence of cancer or cardiovascular disease in the elderly, and cannot significantly reduce the incidence risk of diabetes in the elderly. However, a link between several age-related diseases and enhanced oxidative stress has been found in mice with insufficient or deficient 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, which indicates that reduced active vitamin D accelerates aging and age-related diseases by increasing oxidative stress. Furthermore, supplementation of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3, or antioxidants, could dramatically postpone aging, prevent osteoporosis and spontaneous tumor development induced by 1,25(OH)2D insufficiency or deficiency, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the antioxidative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 are carried out via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by activation of the Nrf2 oxidative stress response pathway though transcriptional or posttranscriptional activation of Nrf2 or transcriptional upregulation of Sirt1 and Bmi1 expression. Whether discrepancies between studies in humans and in mice reflect the different forms of vitamin D examined remains to be determined.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"121 ","pages":"293-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10583177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Free radicals, antioxidants, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 and liver damage. 自由基，抗氧化剂，核因子e2相关因子2和肝损伤。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.006

Erika Ramos-Tovar, Pablo Muriel

{"title":"Free radicals, antioxidants, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 and liver damage.","authors":"Erika Ramos-Tovar, Pablo Muriel","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"The liver performs various biochemical and molecular functions. Its location as a portal to blood arriving from the intestines makes it susceptible to several insults, leading to diverse pathologies, including alcoholic liver disease, viral infections, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are causes of death worldwide. Illuminating the molecular mechanism underlying hepatic injury will provide targets to develop new therapeutic strategies to fight liver maladies. In this regard, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-recognized mediators of liver damage. ROS induce nuclear factor-κB and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, which are the main proinflammatory signaling pathways that upregulate several proinflammatory and profibrogenic mediators. Additionally, oxygen-derived free radicals induce hepatic stellate cell activation to produce exacerbated quantities of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Exogenous and endogenous antioxidants counteract the harmful effects of ROS, preventing liver necroinflammation and fibrogenesis. Therefore, several researchers have demonstrated that the administration of antioxidants, mainly derived from plants, affords beneficial effects on the liver. Notably, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a major factor against oxidative stress in the liver. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Nrf2 plays an important role in liver necroinflammation and fibrogenesis via the induction of antioxidant response element genes. The use of Nrf2 inducers seems to be an interesting approach to prevent/attenuate hepatic disorders, particularly under conditions where ROS play a causative role.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"121 ","pages":"271-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

About the editor. 关于编辑

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0083-6729(23)00037-7

引用次数: 0

Antioxidants: Structure-activity of plant polyphenolics. 抗氧化剂:植物多酚的结构-活性。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.001

Aluru Rammohan, Grigory V Zyryanov, Yerramathi Babu Bhagath, Kola Manjula

{"title":"Antioxidants: Structure-activity of plant polyphenolics.","authors":"Aluru Rammohan, Grigory V Zyryanov, Yerramathi Babu Bhagath, Kola Manjula","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radicals can lead to abnormal oxidation of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, fats, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in human organisms. Accordingly, endogenous oxidative stress induces the progressive development of various chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, cardiovascular risks, diabetes, digestive ulcers, hypertension, obesity, neurological disorders, and age-related complications. Therefore, anti-oxidant defense mechanisms are needed to control/prevent the unbalanced molecular oxidative damage. Indeed, the oxidative stress arises from both endogenous and exogenous factors such as smoking, alcohol, medications, air pollution, sunlight, lifestyle disorders, and metabolic processes. Therefore, consumption of fruits, vegetables, grains, beverages, and leafy vegetables rich in antioxidants may inhibit or treat oxidative damage accompanying diseases. From this aspect, dietary foods are rich in various antioxidant metabolites such as flavonoids, vitamin A, C, E, phenolic acids, curcumin, stilbenes, anthocyanins, etc., which promote healthy life and nutritional benefits. Additionally, various studies have also proven that foods rich in antioxidants interact with reactive species to prevent cell damage(s) or therapeutic pathways for diseases. Although, there are various myths about the antioxidant mechanism(s), the optimal dosage of antioxidants can show beneficial pharmacological activities against various molecular oxidation paths.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"121 ","pages":"395-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The antioxidant glutathione. 抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.002

Diana A Averill-Bates

引用次数: 14

Unraveling corticotropin-releasing factor family-orchestrated signaling and function in both sexes. 解开促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子家族在两性中协调信号和功能。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.009

Aditi Bhargava

{"title":"Unraveling corticotropin-releasing factor family-orchestrated signaling and function in both sexes.","authors":"Aditi Bhargava","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Stress responses to physical, psychological, environmental, or cellular stressors, has two arms: initiation and recovery. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is primarily responsible for regulating and/or initiating stress responses via, whereas urocortins (UCNs) are involved in the recovery response to stress via feedback inhibition. Stress is a loaded, polysemous word and is experienced in a myriad of ways. Some stressors are good for an individual, in fact essential, whereas other stressors are associated with bad outcomes. Perceived stress, like beauty, lies in the eye of the beholder, and hence the same stressor can result in individual-specific outcomes. In mammals, there are two main biological sexes with reproduction as primary function. Reproduction and nutrition can also be viewed as stressors; based on a body of work from my laboratory, we propose that the functions of all other organs have co-evolved to optimize and facilitate an individual's nutritional and reproductive functions. Hence, sex differences in physiologically relevant outcomes are innate and occur at all levels- molecular, endocrine, immune, and (patho)physiological. CRF and three UCNs are peptide hormones that mediate their physiological effects by binding to two known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), CRF1 and CRF2. Expression and function of CRF family of hormones and their receptors is likely to be sexually dimorphic in all organs. In this chapter, based on the large body of work from others and my laboratory, an overview of the CRF family with special emphasis on sex-specific actions of peripherally expressed CRF2 receptor in health and disease is provided.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"123 ","pages":"27-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10307491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0