Theoretical Ecology最新文献_第2页

The biological cropping hypothesis over evolutionary time: an experimental test 进化过程中的生物种植假说：实验验证

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-024-00579-3

Euan N. Furness, Mark D. Sutton

{"title":"The biological cropping hypothesis over evolutionary time: an experimental test","authors":"Euan N. Furness, Mark D. Sutton","doi":"10.1007/s12080-024-00579-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-024-00579-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological disturbance has been proposed to have a variety of effects on biodiversity. These mechanisms are well studied over shorter timescales through experimental manipulation of ecosystems, but the effect of disturbance on longer timescales, where evolutionary processes operate, is less well understood. This is at least in part because evolutionary processes are too slow to observe in experimental manipulations of ecosystems. Here, we use the Rapid Evolutionary Simulator system (REvoSim) to solve this problem. REvoSim is a spatially explicit, agent-based simulation tool that models both ecological and evolutionary processes and is capable of simulating many thousands of generations of evolution per hour in a population of up to 1 million organisms. We use REvoSim to evaluate the biological cropping hypothesis, which predicts that the non-selective culling of organisms from populations (“cropping”) can enhance diversity in those populations over long timescales by reducing the homogenising effects of competitive exclusion. Our experiments demonstrate that cropping alone can increase diversity within populations under certain circumstances: those where it has the net effect of reducing the selection pressure acting on those populations. However, intense cropping pressure may increase the selection pressure on organisms to reproduce rapidly, potentially offsetting the effects of reduced competitive exclusion on diversity. We also show that cropping alone is not sufficient to result in reproductive isolation within populations. This implies that, while cropping can maintain a high species diversity within an ecosystem, additional mechanisms must be invoked to generate that high diversity in the first instance.","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rate-induced tipping can trigger plankton blooms 速率引起的倾覆可引发浮游生物大量繁殖

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-024-00577-5

Anna Vanselow, Lukas Halekotte, Pinaki Pal, Sebastian Wieczorek, Ulrike Feudel

{"title":"Rate-induced tipping can trigger plankton blooms","authors":"Anna Vanselow, Lukas Halekotte, Pinaki Pal, Sebastian Wieczorek, Ulrike Feudel","doi":"10.1007/s12080-024-00577-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-024-00577-5","url":null,"abstract":"Plankton blooms are complex nonlinear phenomena whose occurrence can be described by the two-timescale (fast-slow) phytoplankton-zooplankton model introduced by Truscott and Brindley (Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 56(5):981–998, 1994). In their work, they observed that a sufficiently fast rise of the water temperature causes a critical transition from a low phytoplankton concentration to a single outburst: a so-called plankton bloom. However, the dynamical mechanism responsible for the observed transition has not been identified to the present day. Using techniques from geometric singular perturbation theory, we uncover the formerly overlooked rate-sensitive quasithreshold which is given by special trajectories called canards. The transition from low to high concentrations occurs when this rate-sensitive quasithreshold moves past the current state of the plankton system at some narrow critical range of warming rates. In this way, we identify rate-induced tipping as the underlying dynamical mechanism of largely unpredictable plankton blooms such as red tides, or more general, harmful algal blooms. Our findings explain the previously reported transitions to a single plankton bloom, and allow us to predict a new type of transition to a sequence of blooms for higher rates of warming. This could provide a possible mechanism of the observed increased frequency of harmful algal blooms.","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the effects of sensory stress on trophic cascades 量化感官压力对营养级联的影响

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-024-00574-8

{"title":"Quantifying the effects of sensory stress on trophic cascades","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12080-024-00574-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-024-00574-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Predators mediate the strength of trophic cascades indirectly by decreasing the number of prey consuming a basal resource and by altering prey responses that dictate prey foraging. The strength of these indirect effects further depends on abiotic factors. For example, attributes of the environment, such as turbulent flows in aquatic habitats that disrupt spatial information available from chemical cues, can impose “sensory stresses” that impair the ability of predators or prey to detect each other. The multi-faceted impacts of sensory stress on both the predators and prey create challenges in predicting the overall effect on the trophic cascade. Here, we explore how sensory stress affects the strength of trophic cascades using a tri-trophic dynamical model that incorporates the sensory environment and anti-predatory responses. We explore two crucial parameters that govern outcomes of the model. First, we allow predation rates to either strengthen or weaken depending on whether prey or predators are more sensitive to sensory stress, respectively. Second, we explore scenarios where anti-predatory responses can either drive a strong or weak reduction in prey foraging. We find that sensory stress usually weakens trophic cascades except in scenarios where predators are relatively unaffected by sensory stress and the loss of anti-predatory responses does not affect prey foraging. The model finally suggests that “hydra effects” can manifest, whereby an increase in prey population occurs despite an increase in per capita predation. This last feature emerges due to the interaction between logistic growth of the basal resource and anti-predatory responses reducing the over-consumption of the basal resource.","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preferential cannibalism as a key stabilizing mechanism of intraguild predation systems with trophic polymorphic predators 优先食人是有营养多态捕食者的群内捕食系统的关键稳定机制

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-024-00575-7

Clara A. Woodie, Kurt E. Anderson

{"title":"Preferential cannibalism as a key stabilizing mechanism of intraguild predation systems with trophic polymorphic predators","authors":"Clara A. Woodie, Kurt E. Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s12080-024-00575-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-024-00575-7","url":null,"abstract":"Theory predicts intraguild predation (IGP) to be unstable despite its ubiquity in nature, prompting exploration of stabilizing mechanisms of IGP. One of the many ways IGP manifests is through inducible trophic polymorphisms in the intraguild (IG) predator, where a resource-eating predator morph competes with the intraguild (IG) prey for the shared resource while a top predator morph consumes the IG prey. Cannibalism is common in this type of system due to the top predator morph’s specialization on the trophic level below it, which includes the resource-eating predator morph. Here, we explore the consequences of inducible trophic polymorphisms in cannibal predators for IGP stability using an IGP model with and without cannibalism. We employ linear stability analysis and identify regions of coexistence based on the top predator morph’s preference for conspecifics vs. heterospecifics and the IG prey’s competitive ability relative to the resource-eating morph. Our findings reveal that preferential cannibalism (i.e., the preferential consumption of conspecifics) stabilizes the system when the IG prey and resource-eating morph have similar competitive abilities for the shared resource. Though original IGP theory finds that the IG prey must be a superior resource competitor as a general criterion for coexistence, this is not typically the case when the predator has an inducible trophic polymorphism and the resource-eating morph is specialized in resource acquisition. Preferential cannibalism may therefore be a key stabilizing mechanism in IGP systems with a cannibalistic, trophic polymorphic IG predators, providing further insight into what general mechanisms stabilize the pervasive IGP interaction.","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":"268 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139499588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transient dynamics mask the resilience of coral reefs 瞬态动态掩盖了珊瑚礁的复原力

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-023-00570-4

Karlo Hock, Alan Hastings, Christopher Doropoulos, Russell C. Babcock, Juan C. Ortiz, Angus Thompson, Peter J. Mumby

引用次数: 0

Temporal variability of carabid beetles as a function of geography, environment, and species 作为地理、环境和物种函数的食肉目甲虫的时间变异性

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-023-00573-1

Tad A. Dallas, Cleber Ten Caten, Lauren A. Holian

{"title":"Temporal variability of carabid beetles as a function of geography, environment, and species","authors":"Tad A. Dallas, Cleber Ten Caten, Lauren A. Holian","doi":"10.1007/s12080-023-00573-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-023-00573-1","url":null,"abstract":"Populations of species fluctuate through time and across geographic space. Identifying the potential drivers of temporal variability in population dynamics is a fundamental aim of population ecology, with clear implications to understanding population extinction risk, the influence of diversity on composite community scale variability, and the extent to which temporal variability is driven by exogenous (e.g., climate) or endogenous (e.g., life history) factors. We used data from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) consisting of over 750 carabid beetle species systematically sampled between 2013 and 2021 across 47 terrestrial sites in the USA to examine the relative roles of geographic location, environmental gradients, and species identity on temporal variability. We find an effect of species taxonomic identity on resulting temporal variability in abundance both at site-level and taxonomy-level scales. Environmental variables (mean annual temperature and precipitation and seasonality in temperature and precipitation) and geographic position (latitude and longitude) were not strongly related to temporal variability, and there was no spatial signal in site-level mean temporal variability. The importance of species to temporal variability highlights the role of life history differences across species, resulting in a mean shift in population growth rate, as a potentially more important driver than aspects of site and environment that may relate more to temporal changes in population growth rates.","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138632516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An energetic approach to the evolution of growth curve plasticity 生长曲线塑性演化的能量方法

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-023-00571-3

Jasper C. Croll, Tobias van Kooten, André M. de Roos

{"title":"An energetic approach to the evolution of growth curve plasticity","authors":"Jasper C. Croll, Tobias van Kooten, André M. de Roos","doi":"10.1007/s12080-023-00571-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-023-00571-3","url":null,"abstract":"Growth in individual body size amongst different species can to a greater or lesser extent depend on environmental factors such as resource availability. Individual growth curves can therefore be largely fixed or more plastic. Classic theory about phenotypic plasticity assumes that such plasticity has associated costs. In contrast, according to dynamic energy budget theory, maintaining a fixed growth rate in the face of variable resource availability would incur additional energetic costs. In this article, we explore the simultaneous evolution of the degree of plasticity in individual growth curves and the rate of non-plastic, environment-independent individual growth. We explore different relations between possible additional energetic costs and the degree of growth curve plasticity. To do so, we use adaptive dynamics to analyze a size-structured population model that is based on dynamic energy budget theory to account for the energetic trade-offs within an individual. We show that simultaneous evolution of the degree of growth curve plasticity and the rate of non-plastic individual growth will drive these traits to intermediate values at first. Afterwards, the degree of growth curve plasticity might evolve slowly towards extreme values depending on whether energetic costs increase or decrease with the degree of plasticity. In addition, the analysis shows that it is unlikely to encounter species in which individual growth is entirely fixed or entirely plastic, opposing general assumptions in dynamic energy budget theory.","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction for special issue: integro-difference equation models in ecology 专题导论:生态学中的积分-差分方程模型

4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-023-00572-2

Alan Hastings

引用次数: 0

Local interactions affect spread of resource in a consumer-resource system with group defense 在具有群体防御的消费者-资源系统中，局部相互作用影响资源的扩散

4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-023-00569-x

Jorge Arroyo-Esquivel, Alan Hastings, Marissa L. Baskett

{"title":"Local interactions affect spread of resource in a consumer-resource system with group defense","authors":"Jorge Arroyo-Esquivel, Alan Hastings, Marissa L. Baskett","doi":"10.1007/s12080-023-00569-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-023-00569-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Integrodifference equations are a discrete-time spatially explicit model that describes the dispersal of ecological populations through space. This framework is useful to study spread dynamics of organisms and how ecological interactions can affect their spread. When studying interactions such as consumption, dispersal rates might vary with life cycle stage, such as in cases with dispersive juveniles and sessile adults. In the non-dispersive stage, resources may engage in group defense to protect themselves from consumption. These local nondispersive interactions may limit the number of dispersing recruits that are produced and therefore affect how fast populations can spread. We present a spatial consumer-resource system using an integrodifference framework with limited movement of their adult stages and group defense mechanisms in the resource population. We model group defense using a Type IV Holling functional response, which limits the survival of adult resource population and enhances juvenile consumer production. We find that high mortality levels for sessile adults can destabilize resource at carrying capacity. Furthermore, we find that at high resource densities, group defense leads to a slower local growth of resource in newly invaded regions due to intraspecific competition outweighing the effect of consumption on resource growth.","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coupling strength between omnivory loops and their one-species-delete subloops drives real food web stability 杂食性环及其单物种删除子环之间的耦合强度驱动了真正的食物网稳定性

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学

Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-023-00568-y

Jian-Qiang Feng, Shengpeng Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Yueming Jiang, Ruyue Wang, Xianhao Meng, Wei Yang, Tao Sun, P. D. de Ruiter, Yongtang Shi, N. Stenseth

引用次数: 0