{"title":"Quantifying the effects of sensory stress on trophic cascades","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12080-024-00574-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Predators mediate the strength of trophic cascades indirectly by decreasing the number of prey consuming a basal resource and by altering prey responses that dictate prey foraging. The strength of these indirect effects further depends on abiotic factors. For example, attributes of the environment, such as turbulent flows in aquatic habitats that disrupt spatial information available from chemical cues, can impose “sensory stresses” that impair the ability of predators or prey to detect each other. The multi-faceted impacts of sensory stress on both the predators and prey create challenges in predicting the overall effect on the trophic cascade. Here, we explore how sensory stress affects the strength of trophic cascades using a tri-trophic dynamical model that incorporates the sensory environment and anti-predatory responses. We explore two crucial parameters that govern outcomes of the model. First, we allow predation rates to either strengthen or weaken depending on whether prey or predators are more sensitive to sensory stress, respectively. Second, we explore scenarios where anti-predatory responses can either drive a strong or weak reduction in prey foraging. We find that sensory stress usually weakens trophic cascades except in scenarios where predators are relatively unaffected by sensory stress and the loss of anti-predatory responses does not affect prey foraging. The model finally suggests that “hydra effects” can manifest, whereby an increase in prey population occurs despite an increase in per capita predation. This last feature emerges due to the interaction between logistic growth of the basal resource and anti-predatory responses reducing the over-consumption of the basal resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":51198,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Theoretical Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-024-00574-8","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Predators mediate the strength of trophic cascades indirectly by decreasing the number of prey consuming a basal resource and by altering prey responses that dictate prey foraging. The strength of these indirect effects further depends on abiotic factors. For example, attributes of the environment, such as turbulent flows in aquatic habitats that disrupt spatial information available from chemical cues, can impose “sensory stresses” that impair the ability of predators or prey to detect each other. The multi-faceted impacts of sensory stress on both the predators and prey create challenges in predicting the overall effect on the trophic cascade. Here, we explore how sensory stress affects the strength of trophic cascades using a tri-trophic dynamical model that incorporates the sensory environment and anti-predatory responses. We explore two crucial parameters that govern outcomes of the model. First, we allow predation rates to either strengthen or weaken depending on whether prey or predators are more sensitive to sensory stress, respectively. Second, we explore scenarios where anti-predatory responses can either drive a strong or weak reduction in prey foraging. We find that sensory stress usually weakens trophic cascades except in scenarios where predators are relatively unaffected by sensory stress and the loss of anti-predatory responses does not affect prey foraging. The model finally suggests that “hydra effects” can manifest, whereby an increase in prey population occurs despite an increase in per capita predation. This last feature emerges due to the interaction between logistic growth of the basal resource and anti-predatory responses reducing the over-consumption of the basal resource.
期刊介绍：
Theoretical Ecology publishes innovative research in theoretical ecology, broadly defined. Papers should use theoretical approaches to answer questions of ecological interest and appeal to and be readable by a broad audience of ecologists. Work that uses mathematical, statistical, computational, or conceptual approaches is all welcomed, provided that the goal is to increase ecological understanding. Papers that only use existing approaches to analyze data, or are only mathematical analyses that do not further ecological understanding, are not appropriate. Work that bridges disciplinary boundaries, such as the intersection between quantitative social sciences and ecology, or physical influences on ecological processes, will also be particularly welcome.
All areas of theoretical ecology, including ecophysiology, population ecology, behavioral ecology, evolutionary ecology, ecosystem ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem and landscape ecology are all appropriate. Theoretical papers that focus on applied ecological questions are also of particular interest.
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