Nanoscale Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"Metal oxide nanoparticles as promising agents for triggering defense mechanisms in plants against bacterial diseases","authors":"Kindye Belaye Wassie,&nbsp;Getahun Yemata","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04288-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04288-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) have received much attention in recent years because of their potential to improve plant defense mechanisms against bacterial infections. MONPs interact with plant tissues in a way that activates natural immune responses, making them an intriguing alternative to standard chemical pesticides. MONPs such as zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) can cause oxidative stress in plant cells and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate defense-related signaling pathways.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be directly scavenged by nanoparticles, which can also act as transporters to more efficiently deliver traditional antioxidants to target areas or mimic natural antioxidant enzymes.In addition to their ability to stimulate plant immune responses, MONPs have inherent antibacterial characteristics that can directly impede bacterial development. When applied to plants, MONPs penetrate the cell walls and membranes of both plant and bacterial cells, disrupting bacterial cell integrity and restricting pathogen growth. This dual effect, which stimulates plant defenses while directly targeting pathogens, improves the overall resistance of plants to bacterial infections. Furthermore, the ability of metal oxide nanoparticles to elicit systemic acquired resistance (SAR) makes them an appealing alternative for sustainable disease control, thereby reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and minimizing their negative environmental consequences. MONPs have a promising future in plant protection, with continuing research aimed at optimizing their size, surface properties, and delivery techniques to improve their efficacy and durability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and densification of Ir by hydrometallurgical combined with powder metallurgical process","authors":"Jigang Li,&nbsp;Panchao Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Yi","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04310-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04310-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work shows a detailed investigation on the purification and densification of Ir target from Ir sponge by hydrometallurgy (exchange resin + extraction + chemical precipitation) combined with powder metallurgy (spray drying + pyrolysis + hot press sintering). The detailed influences of refining techniques on each impurity element and content in the Ir purified system are investigated. The controlling mechanisms of Ir particles in spray drying-pyrolysis processing are studied. The densified evolution of Ir particles during hot press sintering is revealed. After the purified treatment, high-purity Ir precursor [(NH₄)₂IrCl₆] was achieved. The synthesized Ir particles are spherical, and the average size is about 5 μm. The purity and density of as-sintered Ir target was 99.999 wt% and 99.16%, respectively. This technological integration broke through the limitations of traditional single methods, creating a new path for the preparation of iridium powder. Moreover, atomization drying technology was applied to this research for the first time. The synergy of these technologies significantly improved the preparation efficiency and the stability of product quality. The prepared products could be used as high–reliability contact and electrode materials in the electronic information field, enhancing the performance and service life of equipment. It should be noted that the purified and densified technologies could be used to synthesize other targets of high-purity and high-density requirements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Novel dual mitochondrial and CD44 receptor targeting nanoparticles for redox stimuli-triggered release","authors":"Kaili Wang,&nbsp;Mengjiao Qi,&nbsp;Chunjing Guo,&nbsp;Yueming Yu,&nbsp;Bingjie Wang,&nbsp;Lei Fang,&nbsp;Mengna Liu,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Xinxin Fan,&nbsp;Daquan Chen","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04294-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04294-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12314302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of honey bee venom-loaded calcium oxide nanocomposites and evaluation of their cytotoxic (MCF-7) and antifungal activity","authors":"Vikram Jadhav,&nbsp;Arun Bhagare,&nbsp;Revannath Gurgude,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar Lokhande,&nbsp;Shaktising Pardeshi,&nbsp;Jayraj Aher","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04322-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04322-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we studied a sonication-assisted method to synthesize <i>Apis mellifera</i> honey bee venom-loaded calcium oxide nanocomposites (BVNPs@CaO NCs). It effectively maintains the bioactivity and stability of the BV bioactive components on the surface of the CaO nanomaterials, showing potential bio-medicinal applications. The crude BV was purified and homogenized, and BVNPs were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis. At the same time, CaO nanomaterials were synthesized using an extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves and combined with a sonication-assisted method to produce BVNPs@CaONCs. Using several characterizations, their irregular shape morphology was confirmed through TEM, revealing an interplanar spacing of 0.24 nm. The SAED pattern exhibited high crystallinity, as indicated by distinct diffraction rings and values of 7.26 (1/nm) and 6.38 (1/nm), corresponding to specific interplanar spacings within the crystal lattice/planes. The XRD analysis provided the crystal structure and revealed an average crystallite size of 31.47 nm. FTIR analysis shows O-H (3557 cm^-1), N-H (3233 cm^-1), C = N (202 cm^-1), and Ca-O (620, 475 cm^-1) stretching vibrations. UV-Vis spectroscopy shows maximum absorbance at 303 nm. Cytotoxicity was tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with a calculated IC₅₀ value for the NCs of 78.72 ± 0.13 µg/mL, demonstrating significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity compared to BVNPS and prominent antifungal activity against <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Candida albicans.</i></p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12314279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) root extract as nanocatalysts and in vitro antibacterial activity of Au-Ag alloy","authors":"Gayeon Lee,&nbsp;Youmie Park","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04313-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04313-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were green-synthesized using Korean red ginseng root extract as a reducing agent, and both types of nanoparticles were used as seeds for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs). Five types of BNPs were synthesized by adding gold ions, platinum ions, and palladium ions to the seed colloidal solution. The synthesized BNPs were thoroughly characterized via UV‒visible spectrophotometry, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy with elemental mapping, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering. The average sizes of the gold-silver BNPs (Au–Ag) (16.59 ± 5.14 nm), palladium-silver BNPs (Pd–Ag) (45.34 ± 15.14 nm), platinum-silver BNPs (Pt–Ag) (39.95 ± 9.59 nm), palladium-gold BNPs (Pd-Au) (11.09 ± 2.17 nm) and platinum-gold BNPs (Pt-Au) (12.14 ± 3.39 nm) were measured from FE-TEM images. Five types of BNPs had an alloy structure with a face-centered cubic crystallinity. In addition, Au–Ag, Pt-Au and Pd-Au were spherical, whereas Pt–Ag and Pd–Ag had sea urchin-like shapes. The atomic percentages of Pd–Ag and Pt–Ag demonstrated approximately the same ratio (50:50) of bimetals. Moreover, the spherical BNPs were composed of approximately 70% Au, and the remaining 30% consisted of Ag, Pd or Pt. Catalytic applications demonstrated that Pd-Au, with the smallest average size, had the highest catalytic activity for methyl orange (22.29 × 10^–3/sec) and Congo red degradation (12.08 × 10^–3/sec) reactions. Specifically, the highest antibacterial activity of Au–Ag at the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Van-A-type <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> with 9.8 μg/mL Ag and 17.3 μg/mL Au. The newly-synthesized BNPs provide nanoplatforms to explore their catalytic properties and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the green synthesis strategy avoids the use of noxious chemicals and increases the value of Korean red ginseng root for future nanotechnology applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of nanoparticles in cocos nucifera pollen extract using aluminium nitrate nanohydrate with biomedical application and food preservative container","authors":"Yuvaraj Tamilselvi,&nbsp;Moorthy Muruganandham,&nbsp;Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian,&nbsp;Dhakshan Prakash Vijayalakshmi,&nbsp;Tamilselvan Amirthalingam,&nbsp;Daram Sairam Reddy,&nbsp;Avula Madhav,&nbsp;Jeyanthi Rebecca,&nbsp;Poorni Santhana Krishnan,&nbsp;Sivanraju Rajkumar,&nbsp;Palanivel Velmurugan","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04318-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04318-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green nanoparticle synthesis, which avoids the use of hazardous chemicals, offers a sustainable alternative to traditional techniques. The purpose of this study was to create aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ NPs) by utilizing pollen extract from <i>Cocos nucifera</i> and aluminium nitrate nanohydrate. The spherical shape of the nanoparticles, which ranged in size from 10 to 100 nm and had a prominent absorption peak at 281 nm, was shown by characterization using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The existence of biomolecules that served as capping and reducing agents was verified by FTIR. An IC₅₀ of 43.17% indicated that the produced Al₂O₃ NPs had considerable antioxidant activity. MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) values of 0.625 mg/mL were found in antibacterial experiments, which demonstrated considerable inhibition zones against <i>E. coli (</i>up to 21 mm) and <i>S. aureus</i> (up to 16 mm). <i>E coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation was reduced by 72.46% and 48.55%, respectively, by the nanoparticles. The food-grade covered containers maintained their antibacterial properties even after being cleaned, suggesting that they could be used as environmentally beneficial food preservatives. This work emphasizes how green-synthesised Al₂O₃ NPs can be used in environmentally friendly food packaging. The long-term performance and safety under actual storage circumstances should be the main topics of future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphophysiological attributes of AMF inoculated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ameliorated by resorcinol, biochar and nanobiochar","authors":"Sakina Bibi,&nbsp;Rehman Ullah,&nbsp;Tanvir Burni,&nbsp;Zakir Ullah,&nbsp;Jamal Uddin,&nbsp;Mohammad Nur-e-Alam,&nbsp;Mohsin Kazi","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04307-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04307-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Food consumption will rise rapidly as the global population grows over the next several decades. The current agricultural production system cannot solve this challenge, forcing crop growth to experience more adverse conditions. To promote the long-term sustainability of crop production and reduce reliance on excessive agrochemical use, the implementation of integrated nutrient management systems that involve the combination of chemical and biological fertilizers represents an enormous challenge. The experiment aimed to improve tomato plants (&lt;i&gt;Lycopersicon esculentum&lt;/i&gt; Mill.) germination, agronomic, and physiological characteristics through seed priming and foliar spraying with resorcinol (0.1 µM/L), biochar (30 mg/L), and nanobiochar (30 mg/L) and inoculation with or without a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Physico-chemical characterization of nano-biochar revealed the presence of elements like carbon, oxygen, calcium, and silicon. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups and a mix of crystalline and amorphous structures. The surface showed a moderate negative zeta potential with particles averaging hydrodynamic size of around 77 nm.Notably, either alone or in combination with nanobiochar, resorcinol-primed seeds significantly improved tomato seed germination parameters, such as the germination rate index (GRI), emergence energy (EE), coefficient velocity of germination (CVG), final germination percentage (FGP), and seed vigor index (SVI), resulting in a decrease in the mean germination time (MGT) in both the &lt;i&gt;Saaho&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Lerica&lt;/i&gt; varieties. AMF inoculation and foliar application of biochar and nanobiochar considerably improved shoot (109.57 ± 0.88, 103.00 ± 0.93 cm), and root length (21.89 ± 0.21, 21.40 ± 0.20cm) and leaf area. Furthermore, increases in the biomass of shoots and fruits under fresh and dry conditions were also investigated. Treatment T13 notably boosted the levels of flavonoids (3.54 ± 0.01, 3.36 ± 0.01 mg/g), total phenol (21.23 ± 0.08, 20.31 ± 0.06 mg/g), total protein contents (44.97 ± 0.45, 42.55 ± 0.41 µg/g), total soluble sugar contents (47.97 ± 0.49, 44.88 ± 0.31 µg/g), and anthocyanin contents (0.70 ± 0.00, 0.68 ± 0.00 mg/g) in both &lt;i&gt;Saaho&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Lerica&lt;/i&gt; tomato varieties compared to the control. The activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited significant increases in response to treatment T13, showing enhancements of (6.93 ± 0.02, 6.84 ± 0.01 units/g) for CAT, and (6.14 ± 0.02, 5.87 ± 0.04 units/g) for APX, respectively. In contrast, proline levels (3.55 ± 0.02, 3.02 ± 0.00 mg/g) declined in both tomato varieties. The present research showed that resorcinol-functionalized nanobiochar has a beneficial influence on germination parameters and that nanobiofertilizer has a synergistic influence on the morphophysiological properties of tomato plants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical abstract&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;/source&gt;","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis and characterization of Triphala SiO2 nanoparticles and screening the efficacy on growth and biochemical constituents in Vigna radiata","authors":"Dhanushwr Kumar,&nbsp;Ranjani Soundhararajan,&nbsp;Hemalatha Srinivasan","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04268-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04268-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges because of chemical fertilizers. Overuse of chemicals results in soil degradation, water and environmental pollution, potential health risks in all living forms on the earth. Chemical fertilizers adversely affects the soil microbes, deteriorating soil quality by nutritional deficits, hence necessitating eco-friendly alternatives for fostering crop growth. Nanotechnology provides innovative solutions, impacting every stage from seed germination to storage, promoting sustainable farming practices. Among these advancements, silica nanoparticles (SiNp) have emerged as a promising candidate for enhancing plant growth and development. To explore this potential, we report a novel green synthesis of Triphala medited silica nanoparticles (TpSiNps) by using aqueous fruit extract from a blend of <i>Terminalia bellirica, Emblica officinalis,</i> and <i>Terminalia chebula</i> fruits (Triphala)<i>,</i> marking the first green synthesis of silica nanoparticles using a polyherbal formulation. The synthesized TpSiNps were characterized as stable, heterogeneous, and nano-coarse. <i>Vigna radiata</i>, a widely cultivated and nutritionally rich legume of agricultural significance, posed as a plant model to evaluate the potential of TpSiNps in promoting plant growth. Seedlings were treated with TpSiNps (1 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm) and analysed for seed germination, growth, and biochemical constituents. Experimental findings indicate that at 10 ppm, TpSiNps improved seed germination by ~ 45% and enhanced growth parameters, with shoot length by ~ 107%, root length by ~ 58%, and fresh biomass by ~ 59% in tested <i>Vigna radiata</i>. Furthermore, increased levels of bio constituents, including carbohydrates (~ 21%), proteins (~ 8%), tryptophan (~ 10%), chlorophyll (~ 8%), and carotenoids (~ 12%) suggest a stimulatory effect of TpSiNps on the metabolic processes of <i>Vigna radiata</i>. These results highlight TpSiNps's potential as a viable green nanotechnology solution for addressing agricultural challenges and ensuring food security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-025-04268-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between using of nanochitosan and nanostarch as the polymers in pesticide nanoformulations synthesis","authors":"Al-kazafy Hassan Sabry,&nbsp;Mohamed Ragaei,&nbsp;Zakaria Abdelhalim Attia","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04218-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04218-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan, as a natural polysaccharide is considered the main polymer in nanopesticide formulation synthesis. As a result of the high price of chitosan, it’s badly needed to find another polymer that is cheap and at the same time effective. So, starch as a natural polysaccharide was used as a polymer in nanopesticide formulations. In this work, some insecticides (acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, etofenprox, imidacloprid and indoxacarb) were loaded on both nanochitosan and nanostarch. By using zeta potential and particle size, the nanoparticles of all tested insecticides loaded on chitosan were 287.5, 99.9, 78.8, 696.6, 685.9 and 295.3 nm for acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, etofenprox, imidacloprid and indoxacarb, respectively. The corresponding results with starch were 176.1, 342.0, 647.8, 178.8, 809.1, and 68.7 nm, respectively. The zeta potential (charges) of all tested nanoformulations that loaded on chitosan were 0.9, 6.7, 4.2, 9.3, 11.1 and 4.8 mV for acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, etofenprox, imidacloprid and indoxacarb, respectively, while loading on starch was 4.7, 7.5, 12.9, 19.6, 28.5 and 8.6 mV, respectively. The loading capacity of all tested insecticides was 59.5, 50.6, 44.6, 55.6, 41.1 and 53.2%, respectively, for the chitosan nanocarrier; and 45.8, 46.3, 31.9, 33.7, 35.1 and 51.7%, respectively, for the starch nanocarrier. The obtained results indicated that starch was very effective as a polymer compared with chitosan. The charges of nanostarch were more than those of nanochitosan. This means that the nanostarch formulation was more homogenous than nanochitosan. These results found that starch is a very cheap material, stable, biodegradability, and ease of preparation compared with chitosan. So, starch is considered a promising polymer in nanoformulations as a carrier material, and it can be used in nanopesticide formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-025-04218-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light modulates plant-derived extracellular vesicle properties: a photosensitive-responsive nanodelivery system","authors":"Yu Lu,&nbsp;Wenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Peiyuan Zeng,&nbsp;Yuqian He,&nbsp;Xiaolu Hua,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Jianbo Wu","doi":"10.1186/s11671-025-04266-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11671-025-04266-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have emerged as innovative nanocarriers for drug delivery, offering advantages such as biocompatibility, stability, and cost-effectiveness. This study explores light-mediated strategies to optimize cargo encapsulation into PDEVs while preserving structural integrity. Leveraging the intrinsic photosensitizing properties of PDEVs, light irradiation (LED) triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, including superoxide anions and singlet oxygen, which transiently enhanced membrane permeability for controlled drug loading. Using FITC-dextran (70 kDa) as a model cargo, we optimized light-induced loading efficiency, achieving a peak (~ 80%) at 10 min of irradiation. Prolonged exposure (15 min) reduced efficiency (~ 50%), likely due to excessive ROS-induced membrane destabilization. The optimal PDEVs-to-cargo ratio (1:30) ensured maximal loading while maintaining stability over 30 days. Lipid peroxidation analysis further confirmed ROS-induced membrane modifications through malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. These findings demonstrate that PLDENs (Pueraria lobate-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles) function as light-responsive nanocarriers, balancing ROS-mediated permeability enhancement with structural integrity. This light-triggered strategy balances permeability modulation and structural integrity, advancing PDEVs as scalable, non-invasive platforms for precision drug delivery and photodynamic applications. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":51136,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-025-04266-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}