Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing最新文献

{"title":"A novel rotordynamic experimental testing via controllable lubrication techniques and operational modal analysis","authors":"Sebastian V. Damsgaard,&nbsp;Ilmar F. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible rotors – compressors, turbines, pumps, rotary atomizers, etc – supported on fluid-film bearings have their operational conditions limited by the lack of damping and lateral vibration instabilities. The instability threshold is strongly influenced by the fluid-film forces coming from the thin layer of the lubricant as well as seal forces. The changes in natural frequencies and damping ratios of flexible rotors are strongly depending on the rotor operational conditions, such as the angular velocity and loading. Consequently, there is a growing demand among industrial monitoring systems for the ability to continuously and real-time monitor the damping ratios of rotating machines. For this purpose, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) can be employed which in comparison to Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) does not require knowledge of the excitation forces. A general challenge in the OMA framework is to ensure that the excitation sources are Gaussian and, thinking of rotordynamic applications, that unimportant harmonic components are properly eliminated from vibration response. The paper gives an original contribution to the problem of rotordynamic experimental testing, investigating the possibility of combining controllable lubrication techniques with automated OMA techniques. A tilting-pad journal bearing is used as a shaker to dynamically perturb the rotor-bearing system without altering the rotor-bearing equilibrium position, allowing for non-invasive testing. The non-invasive fluid-film forces are generated via radial oil injection controlled by two servo valves. The non-invasiveness of such fluid-film forces is thoroughly investigated and the advantages of using such a novel technique are elucidated and discussed for industrial applications. Natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes will be determined for different rotor operational conditions using semi-automated OMA techniques and compared to EMA estimates using a mechanical shaker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113376"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of similarity method for rotor system with squeeze film damper","authors":"Fengxia He ,&nbsp;Tongbin Yang ,&nbsp;Yanli Ren ,&nbsp;Shiming Zu ,&nbsp;Yuqi Li ,&nbsp;Zhong Luo ,&nbsp;Huaitao Shi ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rotor system’s lifespan is limited as a result of the large amplitude it produces when operating. Consequently, the installation of dampers made of squeeze film is widely adopted in engineering to mitigate rotor system vibrations. Examining the dynamic properties of rotor systems fitted with squeeze film dampers is essential to understanding how these dampers lessen vibrations in rotor systems. However, in reality, rotor systems with squeeze film dampers often have large volumes and complex structures, making it difficult to directly study them. In response to the above issues, this article takes the squeeze film damper test bench as a prototype and constructs an equivalent model through equivalent modeling methods. Furthermore, a distorted model is developed based on the equivalent model. The similarity of vibration response between the deformation model and the prototype, as well as the similarity of vibration reduction effect of the squeeze film damper, was verified through simulation. A test bench with a squeeze film damper is set up, and its vibration response results are compared with those obtained from simulations to confirm their consistency. The findings reveal that the distorted model exhibits high consistency with the prototype in terms of critical speed, vibration response and strain energy. The simulation test predicts that the peak error of the prototype is 6.13% in the absence of oil and 3% in the presence of oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113423"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive control of single pendulum cranes under actuated/underactuated state constraints: A higher-order fully actuated approach","authors":"Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Weili Ding ,&nbsp;Changchun Hua ,&nbsp;Biao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The single pendulum crane (SPC), as a typical nonlinear underactuated system, presents challenges in directly implementing control and imposing constraints on underactuated states. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a predictive control method for the SPC system based on a high-order fully actuated (HOFA) system framework. Specifically, the underactuated SPC is converted into a HOFA system, and a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the uncertainty term. Then, a model predictive controller is designed to convert the control problem into a quadratic programming(QP) problem, which realizes the control of the SPC and the constraints on the actuated/underactuated states. Finally, we propose an online physics-informed preset-time solver that guarantees bounded-time convergence for the QP problem. In experiments, two types of SPC systems are considered, with payloads connected by a sling and by a rigid rod, respectively. This demonstrates the universality of the method proposed in this paper. Results show that the payload maximum swing angles of the two systems are reduced by 78.81% and 64.29% compared with PD-like control, 75.96% and 59.75% compared with partially linearized HOFA control, and 13.48% and 27.48% compared with linearized model predictive control, respectively. Moreover, the constraints on the actuated/underactuated states are achieved. Finally, cases involving system parameter uncertainties and external disturbances are also considered, and the proposed method still exhibits good control performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113411"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpolation between plant responses in a head-tracked local active noise control headrest system","authors":"Francesco Veronesi,&nbsp;Chung Kwan Lai,&nbsp;Jordan Cheer","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active Noise Control (ANC) headrest systems reduce noise at the listener’s ears, but their performance can degrade with user movement. Integrating head-tracking into Local ANC systems improves performance over a wider frequency range by updating the controller for different head positions and orientations. However, practical implementations often rely on a limited set of pre-calibrated system response models, resulting in mismatches between actual and modelled head positions. Increasing the resolution of the measurement grid can mitigate this, but increases the complexity of pre-calibration. This study investigates interpolation strategies – such as inverse distance weighting, high-degree and cubic spline interpolation – to estimate plant responses between pre-calibrated positions and improve control performance. The effects of interpolation are analysed by evaluating the condition number and noise reduction achieved, with separate interpolation applied for head translations and rotations. The findings show that accurate methods, such as cubic spline and high-degree interpolation, produce more accurate plant models, which improve controller robustness, particularly at higher frequencies. In addition, frequency-dependent regularisation maximises control performance, with accurate interpolation requiring less regularisation to achieve greater noise reduction. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate interpolation methods and strategic pre-calibration grid designs to ensure effective ANC system performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113401"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coiled sonic black hole based contactless sensor for physical signal processing and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis","authors":"Zuanbo Zhou ,&nbsp;Niaoqing Hu ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Yin ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Closely related to equipment condition, acoustic based sensing method becomes the one of the most effective tools for state monitoring, but application is still restricted by challenges arise from attenuation in long-distance propagation and environmental noise interference. In response to the shortcomings of traditional acoustic signal sensing methods, a coiled sonic black hole (CSBH) is proposed in this paper. The acoustic rainbow trapping phenomenon in CSBH is observed and theoretically derived, and the correctness of theoretical analysis is proved by numerical simulation and experiment. Differ from common idea in sound absorption, CSBH is designed as a sensor for acoustic signal amplification and filtering in a completely physical way. Based on the characteristics of CSBH, feature extraction and enhancement of weak signals as well as mechanical fault diagnosis are studied comparatively, and experimental results show that the signal quality and intensity from CSBH are improved significantly. Acting as a physical amplifier and filter, the features in acoustic signals are well reserved by CSBH from strong background noise pollution. The methods proposed in this paper provide a brand-new perspective in acoustic signal enhancement, and it has the promising application in remote contactless condition sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113421"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration-based structural anomaly detection in real-time with piezoelectric patches on a tension rod assembly","authors":"Ahmad Rababah ,&nbsp;Osama Abdeljaber ,&nbsp;Onur Avci","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel framework for real-time, local-level condition assessment of structural members using vibration-based anomaly detection. The approach employs a pair of piezoelectric patches: one acting as an actuator to excite the structural member and another as a sensor to capture the resulting vibration response. These signals are processed by four different machine learning models: two supervised and two unsupervised. Supervised models are a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) and a hybrid Long Short-Term Memory model (1D CNN-LSTM). The unsupervised models are a one-dimensional Convolutional Autoencoder (1D CAE) and a hybrid 1D CAE-LSTM. The supervised algorithm basically classifies each signal segment as either “undamaged” or “damaged”. By aggregating the classification outputs across multiple segments, a structural health index is derived to quantify deviations from the baseline response of an undamaged member. In the unsupervised models, anomaly detection is based on reconstruction errors, which compute a similar health index by measuring deviation from the undamaged baseline response. The developed methods have been experimentally validated on a tension rod assembly, with damage simulated by reducing the applied tension. In this setup, the rod is threaded through a hollow steel section, and tensile force is adjusted via wing nuts at both ends. The fully tightened assembly represents the “undamaged” state, while the loosened conditions are considered as the “damaged” states. The system effectively identifies and quantifies damage severity in real-time, generating a visual graph for intuitive tracking of structural health changes. These applications demonstrate the potential of this method for practical use in monitoring real-world structures, such as suspension bridge cables and prestressed concrete elements. Experimental results confirm that the health indices derived from the proposed method closely align with the actual damage severity applied to the assembly, highlighting their accuracy and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113352"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative study on far-field magnetic signal response of steel pipe girth welds with weak magnetic excitation","authors":"Tengjiao He ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Liao ,&nbsp;Kexi Liao ,&nbsp;Huaixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Shi ,&nbsp;Feilong Zhou ,&nbsp;Linxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Xia ,&nbsp;Yutong Jiang ,&nbsp;Jing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unequal wall thickness welds are weaknesses in pipelines, which require stress monitoring. The magnetic-based overground stress testing method avoids excavation costs and risks during strain gauge installation. However, magnetic signals excited by the geomagnetic field lack sufficient strength and stability to meet online stress monitoring requirements. Enhancing signal strength and stability via the excitation of magnetic fields is proposed as a solution to this problem. The study of response law of magnetic signals to stress in girth welds with nonlinear material and structures under excitation magnetic fields and the effect of hysteresis on the sensitivity of magnetic signal response is meaningful. In this paper, a full-size pipeline multi-scale experimental system with unequal wall thickness girth weld is established to reveal the enhancement mechanism of excitation magnetic field on the magnetic signal and the effect of hysteresis on the sensitivity of magnetic signal. Drawing on finite element theory, a forward model for the multi-zone far-field magnetic field of girth welds is developed and validated. The results indicate that under excitation magnetic fields, magnetic signals respond rapidly to stress with excellent repeatability. The stress sensitivity of magnetic signals in X80 steel with unequal wall thickness is 6.8 (nT/m)/MPa. The forward model accurately quantifies the magnetic signal response to stress, and on-site applications confirm the feasibility of technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113404"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of block random rocking on nonlinear foundation subject to evolutionary seismic ground motion","authors":"Ioannis P. Mitseas ,&nbsp;Yuanjin Zhang ,&nbsp;Vasileios C. Fragkoulis","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops an approximate semi-analytical framework for assessing the toppling survival probability of a rigid block subject to stochastic seismic excitation defined in accordance with modern aseismic codes provisions. The rocking system incorporates a nonlinear flexible foundation model that allows for uplifting and nonlinear damping, reflecting realistic soil–structure interaction effects. A nonlinear contact force of the Hunt and Crossley’s kind is employed. Using a stochastic averaging approach, the proposed method accounts for the unbounded response behavior associated with toppling, paralleling challenges observed in systems with negative stiffness. The nonstationary probability density function (PDF) of the rocking amplitude is formulated to quantify the survival probability over time efficiently. This technique offers significant computational advantages over traditional numerical simulations while capturing the effects of time-dependent excitation intensity and frequency content. Numerical examples, including rigid blocks rocking on various nonlinear flexible foundations under evolutionary seismic excitations, validate the proposed framework. Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy and reliability of the method, emphasizing its utility for probabilistic assessment in seismic engineering contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113397"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the control of the grinding force of spiral bevel gear by neural network system based on model reference adaptive algorithm","authors":"Nan Liu ,&nbsp;Jiang Han ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Tian ,&nbsp;Lian Xia ,&nbsp;Minglei Li ,&nbsp;Rui Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article designs a neural network model based on model reference adaptive (MRA) control, which outputs the control voltage of the X, Y, and A-axis permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of the machine tool, so that the motor speed always follows the expected value. By changing the grinding speed, the goal is to control the main grinding force and reduce the roughness of the gear engagement surface. Firstly, a main grinding force model for spiral bevel gears was established, and the height parameters of the gear meshing surface roughness were scanned. The analysis indicates that the Pearson correlation between the main grinding force and roughness is 81.58 %. To reduce tooth surface roughness, set a grinding force threshold and calculate the expected angular velocities of the axes. Secondly, the state equation of the PMSM is established, and the Lyapunov second method is applied to design an MRA control algorithm. It is found that the model output can follow the reference model well and adapt to changes in load torque. However, there is an overshoot, and the model requires many feedback signals. Finally, to further optimize the control system, a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was established. Founded on the output voltage of the MRA control system, training samples were established to complete the speed control of the machine tool PMSM. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between grinding force and tooth surface roughness, and the GRNN system has good force control performance, which can indirectly improve grinding quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113410"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PhyGNN: Physics guided graph neural network for complex industrial power system modeling","authors":"Yi Di ,&nbsp;Fujin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhibin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In multi-dimension time series (MTS) tasks within industrial scenarios, several challenges arise due to the difficulty of establishing physical models, the scarcity of high-quality data, and the high demands for model accuracy, robustness, and interpretability. Traditional physical models and pure neural networks exhibit certain limitations in dealing with these challenges. Physics informed neural networks (PINN) have emerged to alleviate these issues. However, in complex industrial power systems (CIPS), classical PINNs present new challenges. The physical laws governing CIPS are vast and extremely intricate. If these laws are converted into loss terms, the loss function becomes complex, redundant, and hard to optimize, even generates conflicting gradient directions and pathological optimization curvature. To address this challenge, we propose a physics guided graph neural network (PhyGNN). One advantage of graph structures is their natural representation of complex systems like CIPS. PhyGNN utilizes this capability as a bridge to integrate physical information directly into the model architecture rather than embedding it into the loss function. Specifically, the spacecraft power system (SPS) is selected as a case study, which is a typical CIPS. First, its physical model is constructed, which includes eight subsystems and deploys diverse fidelity strategies. Then, the physical knowledge of this model is embedded into the proposed PhyGNN. Finally, various comparative experiments and visual analyses are performed on our dataset XJTU-SPS. Overall, the core contribution of this work lies in a physics guided GNN method. Meanwhile, it also contributes a comprehensive physical simulation model for power systems, and a dataset of spacecraft power systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113380"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}