Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing最新文献

{"title":"Nonlinear resonance behavior for HTS pinning maglev system with electromagnetic compensation based on multi-scale method and experimental analysis","authors":"Chong Lv ,&nbsp;Zigang Deng ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Lu ,&nbsp;Zhentao Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In high-speed applications, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (maglev) trains face the problem of levitation force attenuation caused by eddy current losses in HTS bulks. The representative solution relies on the electromagnetic compensation subsystem (EMCS), but the interaction between the EMCS and permanent magnet guideway (PMG) exhibits nonlinear behaviors. The relationship is further superimposed with the hysteresis characteristics of HTS bulks, resulting in more complex nonlinear low-frequency vibrations. Due to the weak stiffness of the HTS maglev systems, sensitive spectra are easily excited when subjected to external disturbances, leading to resonance and endangering the safety and stability of train operation. In view of this, this paper focuses on exploring the nonlinear resonance behavior of the HTS-EMCS hybrid system. Firstly, the vertical dynamic equation of the hybrid system is constructed based on experimental results. Secondly, the analytical solutions of nonlinear equations are solved using the multi-scale method. Next, the nonlinear behavior of the system under different resonance conditions is analyzed through spectrum and phase trajectory analysis. Finally, vibration tests are conducted under different resonance forms to verify the conclusions. The study elucidates the nonlinear resonance laws of HTS-EMCS, and the results indicate that EMCS can effectively improve the damping and natural frequency of the original system. This helps to enhance system stability and avoid low-frequency resonance. This research provides a reference for the design, analysis, and application of HTS maglev equipped with the EMCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113460"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-level approach with Fourier series for multi-channel chirp mode decomposition in blind source separation","authors":"Pengfei Jin ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Shi ,&nbsp;Shuo Liu ,&nbsp;Xujun Peng ,&nbsp;Guangxi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For blind source separation (BSS) problem of chirp mode signals, methods based on variational optimization framework (such as variational mode decomposition, variational nonlinear chirp mode decomposition) suffer from time-varying features of sources or predefined initial frequency. This paper proposes a novel three-level multi-channel chirp mode decomposition method (TMCMD) with Fourier series to solve the problems. Leveraging the analytic properties of chirp signals, the nonlinear and wide-band multi-channel chirp modes are transformed into a linear system via Fourier series expansion of instantaneous frequency (IF) and instantaneous amplitude (IA). Then the constraint problem formulation for linear mixing model is established. The algorithm comprises three stages. Firstly, a general parameterized time–frequency transform technique extracts time–frequency ridges to estimate IFs. Secondly, linear equations are established and solved through least square method to align frequency components from different channels. Finally, prior knowledge from the first two stages guides the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to separate source signals and the mixing matrix. TMCMD can deal with time varying signals and eliminate the need for preset initial frequencies. Its superior performance in mode alignment, noise robustness, filter bank structure, quasi-orthogonality of modes, and channel number robustness get investigated successively. In the end, the method is highlighted in modal analysis in simulation and experiments of time-invariant/time-varying vibration systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113444"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an efficient, novel hybrid flutter-based wind energy harvester and identification of its delay characteristics and hysteretic behavior—Part Ⅱ: Theoretical modeling, analysis, and simulations","authors":"Kai Xue ,&nbsp;Yonghao Liu ,&nbsp;Jongwon Seok","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The second of two parts, this paper presents the theoretical modeling, analysis, and simulation of a novel, efficient hybrid flutter-based wind energy harvester. The theoretical examinations focus on structural dynamics, the modeling of the elastic restoring force, and the formulation of unsteady aerodynamic responses. A three-degree-of-freedom discrete structural model is developed to describe the plunging and pitching motions of the airfoil. The nonlinear magnetic spring is combined with a nonlinear aerodynamic model constructed using time-delay operators, which yields a set of coupled, autonomous nonlinear differential equations with multiple time delays. The model successfully captures the system’s instability and hysteresis phenomena, including jump behaviors. Through a series of extensive finite-element computations, we develop nonlinear expressions for the aerodynamic forces and moments in terms of wind velocity. The structural model is derived by combining the extended Hamilton’s principle with the aerodynamic model to obtain a complete system of delay differential equations (DDEs). After identifying the optimal configuration and validating its parameters, the DDEs, along with the associated phase (or time)-delay effects and eigenvalue problem, are solved to evaluate the system’s stability and predict its dynamic response—including the hysteretic behavior accompanying the jump phenomena—and energy-harvesting performance. The model’s predictions agree closely with the experimental results, which confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed modeling framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A semi-submerged vortex-induced bending-torsional vibration energy harvester: design, modeling, and experimental validation","authors":"Mengyu Fan,&nbsp;Yimin Fan,&nbsp;Mu-Qing Niu,&nbsp;Li-Qun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrokinetic energy is abundantly available in natural environments such as rivers and canals. Although various piezoelectric, triboelectric, and electromagnetic energy harvesters have been proposed to harness flow-induced vibrations, most cantilever-based piezoelectric designs utilize symmetric bluff bodies that primarily induce transverse bending. While torsional motion may arise incidentally due to gravitational or structural asymmetries, existing systems generally do not exploit torsional or coupled-mode dynamics for energy harvesting. This study presents a semi-submerged vortex-induced vibration energy harvester that selectively operates within surface-layer flows, without requiring intrusive support structures. The device consists of a cantilever beam with integrated piezoelectric patches and an eccentric cylindrical bluff body designed to actively induce coupled bending–torsional vibration through asymmetric vortex shedding. Piezoelectric layers are strategically configured to capture strain energy from both bending and torsion, enabling multi-mode energy harvesting. The governing equations are derived and validated through air-based frequency sweep experiments. Subsequent water tunnel experiments investigated the effects of tip mass, beam length, and immersion depth on system performance. Results show that increasing the tip mass within an optimal range enhances both vibration amplitude and energy conversion efficiency. In certain parameter regimes, internal resonance conditions are triggered, resulting in dual-peak voltage outputs of <span><math><mrow><mn>4.366</mn><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> (at <span><math><mrow><mn>0.168</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>) and <span><math><mrow><mn>14.981</mn><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> (at <span><math><mrow><mn>0.456</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>), demonstrating improved adaptability across a range of flow conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113434"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the extended horizon adaptive control algorithm of the magnetic support system for high-speed rotor machines","authors":"P. Kurnyta-Mazurek ,&nbsp;T. Szolc ,&nbsp;M. Henzel ,&nbsp;K. Falkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper focuses on research studies regarding the properties of active magnetic bearing supporting system when it is implemented in a high-speed rotating machine. The laboratory active magnetic suspension system under consideration consists of a massive, single-disk rotor-shaft supported by two radial and one axial (thrust) magnetic bearing. Here, the most important analysis concerns control issues in the active magnetic bearing when it uses the Extended Horizon Adaptive Control. This control method was chosen for deep analysis to reduce classical controllers’ weaknesses<strong>,</strong> such as the steady-state error of the proportional-derivative method and the saturation effect of integral operation in the proportional-integral-derivative approach. The control system’s detailed theoretical and experimental analyses are compared to the proportional-derivative algorithm, using time-histories of the vertical rotor-shaft displacement and the control current time-histories at zero, variable and constant rotational speeds. The obtained sufficiently good quantitative and qualitative agreement of the registered theoretical and experimental results confirmed the reliability of the analytical fundamentals of both methods used to control active magnetic bearings, as well as the significant advantages of the predictive Extended Horizon Adaptive Control method compared to the classic proportional-derivative approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113436"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on spot welding quality judgment of stainless steel plates based on quantum generative adversarial network and hidden Markov model","authors":"Bing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the process of resistance spot welding (RSW) of stainless steel plates, utilizing welding experiment to obtain samples exists shortcomings such as high cost, poor process repeatability, and imbalanced sample sets, which lead to a high model training cost and poor pattern classification performance for quality judgment model. In view of this, a spot welding quality judgment method based on the combination of quantum generative adversarial network (QGAN) and hidden Markov model (HMM) was presented in this paper.</div><div>Firstly, employing a generative adversarial network (GAN) to expand the dataset of unqualified welding points, to address the imbalanced datasets caused by experimental methods. Subsequently, integrating quantum computing into the GAN framework to reduce the number of parameters that require modulating and enhance the quality control capability for generated samples. Finally, applying the proposed method to a practical application of spot welding in the roof of stainless steel rail vehicles. The results demonstrated that the proposed method reduced the number of parameters requiring modulation in the GAN to five; the average training and test times of the model were 8.28 s and 4.68 s, respectively, which were lower than those of GAN-HMM (10.44 s and 7.0 s) and HMM (13.4 s and 9.76 s). Moreover, the classification accuracy across all five quality states exceeded 90 %, outperforming both GAN-HMM and HMM. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper was effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113412"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and analysis of a deployable suspended wave energy converter with harmonic response under low-frequency excitation","authors":"Zeyu Liu ,&nbsp;Chupeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yunfei Lu ,&nbsp;Bei Chu ,&nbsp;Songlin Zhou ,&nbsp;Weixing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide application and deployment of small-scale floats such as ocean buoys and lifeboats face major challenges due to energy limitations, and the common wave energy converters (WECs) are difficult to extract energy at low wave frequency. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel Deployable Suspended Wave Energy Converter (DS-WEC). The power supply device of the DS-WEC is suspended beneath the platform using cables, and the device can expand from a folded form suitable for storage and transport into the heave plate form suitable for power generation. The DS-WEC features a unique nonlinear pendulum structure that consists of a Simple and Spring-Damping pendulum series (SSD pendulum), enabling ultraharmonic response under low-frequency excitation and significantly enhancing the energy capture performance. To further analyze the response characteristics and energy capture performance of the DS-WEC, a time-domain hydrodynamic model is established, which is validated via the Wave Energy Converter SIMulator (WEC-Sim). Through systematical analysis of some structural parameters, the spectral characteristics of the DS-WEC response are investigated, and their influence on the primary resonance, harmonic response, and power generation performance of the system are revealed. Under an irregular wave condition, the DS-WEC system achieved a power output of 19.40 W, which is a 31.17 % increase compared to traditional 2DoF heaving WEC system. The results fully demonstrate its significant advantages in ease of deployment and low-frequency energy capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113435"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration suppression of spatial pipes with varied clamp configurations: dynamic modeling and experimental validation","authors":"Weiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Ma ,&nbsp;Shouhua Liu ,&nbsp;Xumin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clamps play a critical role in vibration control and structural integrity of spatial pipe systems, particularly in aerospace applications. However, the influence of different clamp configurations on the dynamic response of complex pipe structures remains insufficiently explored. To address this issue, a spatial pipe model for aircraft engines is developed using incompatible hexahedral elements (IHE) and the penalty function method. The mechanical properties of various clamps are experimentally measured and incorporated into the dynamic model. The acceleration and stress responses of different clamp-pipe systems subjected to base harmonic excitations are analyzed. Furthermore, two quantitative indices are proposed to evaluate the vibration suppression performance of different clamps. The results reveal that higher clamp stiffness reduces the vibration acceleration but may simultaneously increase the vibration stress. Among the clamp configurations, the segmented metal-rubber clamp (SMRC) consistently demonstrates favorable vibration suppression across multiple operating conditions. The hoop-shaped metal-rubber clamp (HMRC) performs best under high-pressure rotor excitation, while the P-shaped rubber clamp (PRC) exhibits the most effective vibration suppression at the first-order resonance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113437"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous inverse characterization of five non-acoustic parameters for rigid porous materials through normal surface acoustic impedance measurements in impedance tubes","authors":"Ningning Rong ,&nbsp;Hequn Min ,&nbsp;Houcang Tian ,&nbsp;Ruiyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyang Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simultaneously characterizing five non-acoustic parameters of open porosity, flow resistivity, tortuosity, and viscous and thermal characteristic lengths is crucial for acoustic design of porous materials. While established methods are effective for absorbers with porosity larger than 0.95, specific technical challenges remain for rigid materials with intermediate porosity ranges. This paper presents an integrated inverse characterization method that combines the Wilson model with the Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model for simultaneous parameter determination in rigid porous materials. The methodology employs the two-microphone transfer function technique in impedance tubes compliant with ISO 10534–2, streamlining the characterization process without requiring additional specialized equipment or complex experimental setups. Parameter inversion is performed using the integrated Wilson-JCA framework for optimization robustness. An enhanced Sequential Quadratic Programming algorithm with a systematic grid search strategy determines the non-acoustic parameters within appropriate physical boundaries, effectively avoiding local minima and enhancing the robustness and reliability of the parameter inversion process. Experimental validation was conducted on four open-cell ceramics with porosities ranging from 0.84 to 0.92 using impedance tubes with cut-off frequencies of 1.6 kHz and 6.4 kHz, achieving absorption coefficient residuals below 0.04 and 0.05, respectively. Predicted acoustic impedance and normal incidence absorption coefficients demonstrate close agreement with experimental measurements and published data. Independent validation exhibits relative errors of less than 2 % for open porosity and 10 % for flow resistivity, confirming the method’s precision for intermediate-porosity materials. This integrated Wilson-JCA framework with enhanced optimization provides a reliable and efficient approach for material characterization and acoustic design optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 113407"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid real-virtual deep CCD method for fault diagnosis of mining bearings","authors":"Xin Li ,&nbsp;Ziming Kou ,&nbsp;Cong Han ,&nbsp;Yutong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mining applications, rolling bearing fault diagnosis requires not only fault type classification but also reliable assessment of severity and defect depth. Conventional regression methods often fail under mining conditions, where signals are highly non-stationary, noise levels are severe, and labeled data are scarce. To address these challenges, a Hybrid Real-Virtual Deep CCD method (HRV-DeepCCD) is proposed. The framework integrates real and simulated data, combines wavelet packet decomposition and one-dimensional convolutional networks for feature extraction, and applies a Center-Constrained Distance loss to impose physically meaningful constraints. By introducing a classification-guided interpolation mechanism to replace direct regression, the method achieves stable depth estimation under adverse conditions. Experiments conducted on conveyor belt bearings in underground coal mines demonstrate a classification accuracy of 99.44 %, with regression errors reduced by 80.7 % (RMSE) and 73.0 % (MAE) compared with the LightGBM baseline. These results confirm the framework’s high accuracy and robustness, providing a practical and noise-resistant diagnostic solution for harsh mining environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113417"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}