Maternal and Child Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Development of the Food Averse Questionnaire: A Measure of Food Avoidance in Children With and Without Autistic Spectrum Conditions","authors":"Maria Pomoni,&nbsp;Gillian Harris,&nbsp;Helen Coulthard","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to 1) develop a measure of avoidant eating behaviours for both typically developing children (TD), and those with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC), and 2) to examine whether these current behaviours are associated with reports of early feeding difficulties in both populations. In study one (<i>n</i> = 336) parents of 4- to 14-year-old children completed a series of questions about food avoidance. Three subscales of food avoidance were identified with a total scale of 31 items; avoidant, rigid-inflexible, and texture sensitive. Analyses found that scores on these subscales were associated with related measures of picky eating, food neophobia, sensory sensitivity and cognitive inflexibility, as well as lower fruit, vegetable, dairy and protein consumption. In study two, 225 children aged 4–14 years and their parents were recruited (143 TD and 78 ASC). Children with ASC were more likely to have feeding problems during the transition to family foods and in the toddler eating period in comparison to TD children. Additionally, children with ASC showed, at the time of the study, higher avoidance, rigid-inflexible eating and texture-sensitive eating behaviours than TD children. This study has developed a reliable scale for food avoidance for children with and without ASC diagnoses. Food avoidance is more severe in children with ASC than in TD children and these difficulties may start before them receiving an ASC diagnosis. Further work is needed to examine the usefulness of this scale in clinical and nonclinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Adolescent Health and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Time to Act Is Now","authors":"Cristina Álvarez Sánchez,&nbsp;Vilma Tyler","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70038","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Adolescence, particularly the early adolescent years (ages 10–14), is a time of extraordinary physical, cognitive and socio-emotional growth and development (Patton et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; National Academies of Sciences &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). It offers a unique opportunity to promote good nutrition and health, offset early childhood nutritional deprivations (Norris et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), and establish lifelong healthy lifestyle habits (Neufeld et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Good nutrition during adolescence results in better educational outcomes and lifelong benefits (Bundy et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yet, an estimated 250 million adolescents live in countries facing a triple burden of infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and injuries (Patton et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), and one in seven adolescents experience mental health disorders (WHO &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Young people in Sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionally affected—due to poverty, limited educational opportunities, and social instability—with mortality rates twice as high as in other regions (Ross et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Considering that Sub-Saharan Africa is home to over 250 million adolescents, over 20% of the world's total, and that this proportion is set to increase to 24% by 2030 (Population Reference Bureau PRB &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), it is critical to act now to improve adolescent health and nutrition in the region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schools represent the best platform through which to deliver nutrition interventions to prevent all forms of malnutrition in adolescents, given their high reach and regular contact with students throughout many years. The school system is a particularly relevant setting, given that enrolment rates have increased worldwide, including in Sub-Saharan Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Global reports on adolescent health and nutrition have highlighted significant gaps in data, research, investment, and adolescent-friendly interventions (Patton et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Patton et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). This is particularly true for younger adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. Existing surveys—including the Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, and the Global School-Based Student Health Survey—largely exclude 10–14-year-old adolescents and fail to assess the school environment and policies that influence their health and well-being.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To address knowledge gaps, the African Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network, supported by UNICEF, have conducted novel school-based studies of young adolescents’ (of 10–15 years) health and nutrition across five urban cities in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania (Shinde, Noor, et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). This study, together with a global systematic review of school-based health and nutrition interventions, is presented in the &lt;i&gt;Maternal and Child Nutrition&lt;/i&gt; ","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Readiness for Change: A Baseline Situational Analysis of Breastfeeding Support Within Acute and Community Healthcare Settings in the Republic of Ireland","authors":"Helen Mulcahy,&nbsp;E. Lehane,&nbsp;Michelle O'Driscoll,&nbsp;Kathleen McLoughlin,&nbsp;Catherine Buckley,&nbsp;Elizabeth McCarthy,&nbsp;Sandra O'Connor,&nbsp;Mairead O'Sullivan,&nbsp;Elizabeth Heffernan,&nbsp;Margaret Murphy,&nbsp;Rhona O'Connell,&nbsp;Patricia Leahy-Warren","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13778","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13778","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breastfeeding is a critical component of maternal and child health, but breastfeeding rates vary widely, with Ireland's rates lowest in Europe. This paper, the first stage of the Practice Enhancement for Exclusive Breastfeeding (PEEB) study, describes the methodology and key findings from a multi-component baseline situational analysis of breastfeeding support conducted in acute and community healthcare settings in Ireland. Guided by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework, a survey of healthcare professionals (<i>n</i> = 85) examined breastfeeding training, competency and attitude towards practice change. Additionally, a workplace environment and policy assessment were conducted. A gap between current practices and evidence-based guidelines was demonstrated and the need for cultural shifts within healthcare settings towards better breastfeeding support. The study also uncovered notable variations in breastfeeding training, perceived barriers to effective breastfeeding support, including staff shortages and communication challenges, which impede successful implementation of breastfeeding initiatives. Despite high levels of staff motivation, there was a lack of empowerment and confidence to implement change. Findings revealed significant differences between community and acute staff across certain factors like community staff being less likely to agree that their teammates considered implementation of changes as futile, acute staff were less likely to disagree that changes would be subject to audit. The PARIHS framework provided a structured approach to understanding the evidence and contextual factors relevant to implementing evidence-based practices in breastfeeding support. Future work will focus on the design and implementation of strategies to optimise breastfeeding support across acute and community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Maternal Haemoglobinopathies and Iron Deficiency Anaemia on Foetal Growth Restriction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Rajeev Jayalakshmi,&nbsp;Shilpa Gaidhane,&nbsp;Suhas Ballal,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar,&nbsp;Mahakshit Bhat,&nbsp;Shilpa Sharma,&nbsp;M. Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Sarvesh Rustagi,&nbsp;Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib,&nbsp;Nishant Rai,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah,&nbsp;Sorabh Lakhanpal,&nbsp;Hashem Abu Serhan,&nbsp;Ganesh Bushi,&nbsp;Muhammed Shabil","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13787","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13787","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maternal anaemia is a significant global health issue that adversely affects both maternal and foetal outcomes, particularly, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the impact of maternal anaemia on the risk of IUGR. We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science until 28 February 2024. Eligible studies included observational designs that reported maternal anaemia and its association with IUGR or small for gestational age (SGA) outcomes. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random-effects model and heterogeneity was assessed with the <i>I</i>² statistic. The R software (version 4.3) was used for statistical analyses. A total of 38 studies involving 3,871,849 anaemic and 27,978,450 non-anaemic pregnant women were included. The pooled analysis demonstrated that anaemia in pregnancy is associated with a significantly increased risk of IUGR (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05–1.62, <i>I</i>² = 97%). Subgroup analyses by anaemia severity showed non-significant associations for mild (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.58–1.23) and moderate anaemia (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.48–1.98), while severe anaemia indicated a higher, though non-significant, risk of IUGR (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.69–2.93). Maternal anaemia is associated with a heightened risk of IUGR, highlighting the critical need for effective management and early intervention strategies within prenatal care settings. Future research should focus on elucidating the effects of different severities of anaemia on birth outcomes, including IUGR and long-term effects later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiamine Concentration in Human Milk Is Correlated With Maternal and Infant Thiamine Status: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Lao Thiamine Study","authors":"Sonja Y. Hess,&nbsp;Charles D. Arnold,&nbsp;Taryn J. Smith,&nbsp;Lindsay H. Allen,&nbsp;Daniela Hampel,&nbsp;Kerry S. Jones,&nbsp;Damon A. Parkington,&nbsp;Sarah R. Meadows,&nbsp;Dalaphone Sitthideth,&nbsp;Sengchanh Kounnavong","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>The human milk content of some micronutrients including thiamine depends on maternal status, and if low, breastfed infants are at risk of deficiency. Thiamine deficiency remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among infants in Asia. We aimed to explore correlations between maternal thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) or erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient (ETKac) and human milk thiamine concentration (MTh) and between MTh and infant ThDP or ETKac among breastfed infants &lt; 6 months of age in northern Lao PDR. Hospitalized infants (aged ≥ 21 days) with symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency were eligible. Infants in a community comparison group were matched by age, sex and residence. Venous whole blood ThDP and MTh were determined by HPLC-FLD, and ETKac in washed erythrocytes by UV spectrophotometry. Associations between biomarkers were assessed using Spearman's <i>ρ</i> correlations and linear regression. Among all women combined (<i>n</i> = 489), the prevalence of ThDP &lt; 95 nmol/L was 78.5%, elevated ETKac (&gt; 1.25) 52.6%, and low MTh (&lt; 90 µg/L) 45.4%. Maternal ThDP was moderately correlated with MTh (<i>ρ</i> = 0.50) and ETKac was strongly correlated with MTh (<i>ρ</i> = −0.71). Among all infants combined (<i>n</i> = 359), the prevalence of ThDP &lt; 95 nmol/L was 79.2% and elevated ETKac (&gt; 1.25) 50.2%. MTh was moderately correlated with infant ThDP concentration (<i>ρ</i> = 0.39) and with infant ETKac (<i>ρ</i> = −0.52). Maternal thiamine status predicts the thiamine concentration in human milk, and thiamine status of breastfed infants &lt; 6 months of age depends on the thiamine provided through this milk. Effective interventions are needed to improve maternal and infant thiamine status and wellbeing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03626337.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Underlying Factors and Consequences of Childhood Malnutrition and Care-Seeking Behaviour for Children Under 5 Years With Acute Malnutrition: A Qualitative Study in Rural Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Abdul Alim,&nbsp;Bibi Marium,&nbsp;Benjamin Guesdon,&nbsp;M. Munirul Islam,&nbsp;Caroline Antoine,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan Anik,&nbsp;Stefaan De Henauw,&nbsp;Tahmeed Ahmed,&nbsp;Souheila Abbeddou","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acute Malnutrition affects 45 million children under five globally, with Bangladesh contributing more than 1.7 million cases. While community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) guidelines in Bangladesh exist, they primarily emphasise nutritional counselling and face challenges in coverage and implementations. It is important to understand barriers to CMAM uptake and implementation. This study aims to explore the perceptions of acute malnutrition's underlying factors and consequences among parents, healthcare providers, and policymakers, alongside parents' care-seeking behaviours for under-five children with acute malnutrition. Conducted in areas with and without CMAM programs, the research follows a phenomenological design with thematic analysis of focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs). Thirty FGDs with parents, 28 KIIs with healthcare providers, and 16 KIIs with policymakers were conducted. Identified causes of acute malnutrition included infections, diseases, lack of awareness about nutritious foods, supernatural beliefs, poverty, and inadequate care and feeding practices. Consequences included stunted growth, impaired mental development, and increased illness risk. Although parents acknowledged the urgency of treating acute malnutrition, they sought care at healthcare facilities regardless of illness. Factors influencing care-seeking behaviour were inability in problem prioritisation, transportation cost and availability, healthcare access, wage loss, and out-of-pocket expenses. Despite awareness of acute malnutrition's underlying factors and consequences, parental care-seeking remains limited. The study recommends integrating acute malnutrition guidelines with communicable disease programs, implementing targeted social and behavioural change programs, addressing superstitions, fostering collaboration with traditional healers strengthening social safety nets, and empowering women in healthcare decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expenditures on Strengthening Large Scale Breastfeeding Counseling Programs in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam","authors":"Tina G. Sanghvi,&nbsp;Rick Homan,&nbsp;Tuan Nguyen,&nbsp;Zeba Mahmud,&nbsp;Marina Nersesyan,&nbsp;Patricia Preware,&nbsp;Edward A. Frongillo,&nbsp;Roger Mathisen","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Timely support given to breastfeeding mothers can result in life-saving benefits for both mothers and infants. Progress in achieving results from existing efforts to improve breastfeeding practices can be accelerated with adequate investments in effective interventions. We aimed to document expenditures incurred by three diverse programs in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam that demonstrated improved breastfeeding outcomes. Based on expenditure records, we retrospectively calculated annual and per participant expenditures. The results represent the incremental financial needs of strengthening existing efforts in low- and middle-income countries to inform budget planning. The programs reached between 400,000 to 1.2 million pregnant women, infants, and mothers annually at an average expenditure of USD 0.55 to 1.90 per woman and infant. The largest proportion of expenditures were incurred for training frontline workers and delivering interpersonal communication or counseling. These ranged from 73.4% of total expenditures in Bangladesh to 63.9% in Ethiopia and 55.1% in Vietnam. Management and administration expenditures ranged from 13.3% and 19.6% across countries; the range in expenditures for planning and strategy development was 2.5%–9.9%; for materials development and production was 1.1%–15.1%; and for monitoring was 1.7%–18.7%. The results show that existing cadres of facility and community workers can deliver effective breastfeeding counseling on a large scale with substantial economies of scale. Budgetary needs will differ by country due to delivery system strengths and weaknesses, pre-existing coverage, and demand for counseling services. The study provides a basis for realistic budget estimates for strengthening breastfeeding counseling in large-scale programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, and Nutritional Status in Fiji: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Fusta Azupogo, Sonja Y Hess, Anasaini Moala Silatolu, Deanna K Olney","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake is essential for transitioning toward healthier, more sustainable diets. To design effective intervention programmes to promote F&V intake, it is crucial to understand intake levels and dietary patterns across different demographic groups as well as populations' nutritional status. We conducted a scoping review to summarise scientific evidence on the diet, F&V intake and nutritional status of the Fijian population. In January 2023, we searched PubMed for relevant literature. Studies were eligible if they were published in English since 2012 (for dietary intake and nutritional status) or since 2002 (for F&V) and met predefined inclusion criteria. We identified 163 articles reporting on diet, 47 on F&V intake and 95 on nutritional status. After further review and confirmation that articles met inclusion criteria, data were extracted from 16 articles on diet, 8 on F&V and 13 on nutritional status. The scoping review revealed a shift in Fiji from traditional foods to processed, unhealthy foods, high salt intake and poor dietary diversity. F&V intake was low, with only a quarter of adults and adolescents consuming the recommended daily servings. Approximately 7% of children under-five were stunted, and 8% were overweight. At least 25% of adolescents were overweight or obese, whereas 10% were underweight. Over 30% of adults were obese, and at least 25% were overweight. Overweight/obesity was higher in females and Indigenous Fijians; underweight higher among Indo-Fijian adolescents, especially males. Strengthening population-wide efforts to promote healthy lifestyles and dietary habits is crucial to address these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Cash Transfer Programmes Affect Child Anaemia? Results From a Meta-Analysis","authors":"James Manley,&nbsp;Harold Alderman","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Childhood anaemia is common and debilitating. Nutrition-specific policies are effective for addressing anaemia in many contexts but less is known about nutrition-sensitive policies such as cash transfers. We reviewed over 4000 studies and gathered 26 estimates of the effect of cash transfer programmes on childhood haemoglobin and anaemia. Overall, neither the impact of cash on haemoglobin (0.065 d/L, CI [−0.054, 0.184]) nor on anaemia prevalence (−0.092, CI [−1.227, 1.042]) were significant. While cash on its own had basically a null effect, programmes that provided cash in combination with other interventions such as behaviour change communication or nutritional supplements were more successful. The impact of social protection on haemoglobin and anaemia is surprisingly understudied compared to height, on which a previous study found well over 100 impacts of cash transfer programmes. Overall impacts of cash transfer programmes on haemoglobin and anaemia are weak: evidence is inconclusive at best. Cash transfer programmes are more successful in combination with other programmes providing education and/or nutritional supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sectional Associations Between Exposure to Commercial Milk Formula Marketing, Beliefs About Its Use, and Socioeconomic Position Among Pregnant Women and Mothers in the UK","authors":"Martha Athanasiadou,&nbsp;Florence Sheen,&nbsp;Andrea D. Smith,&nbsp;Clare Llewellyn,&nbsp;Rana Conway","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>International provisions are in place to restrict marketing practices that idealise the use of commercial milk formula (CMF) and discourage breastfeeding. In high-income countries, women of lower socioeconomic position (SEP) are less likely to breastfeed. This study aimed to characterise the nature of exposure to CMF marketing in the UK, the extent to which women hold positive beliefs about CMF and examine the relationship between exposure to CMF marketing, holding positive beliefs about CMF and SEP. Data on these topics were collected for 1052 pregnant women and mothers of children under 18 months of age between February 2020 and February 2021. Participants were assigned a ‘CMF marketing score’ according to the number of locations where they recalled seeing advertisements, engaging with companies or receiving promotional activity. The extent to which women held positive beliefs about CMF (‘CMF positivity score’) was determined by level of agreement with 17 statements. Principal component analysis, analyses of covariance and regression analyses were applied. Every woman reported exposure to CMF marketing from multiple channels. CMF marketing score did not vary across SEP groups (<i>p</i> = 0.342). Women of lower and middle SEP held stronger CMF positive beliefs than women of higher SEP, including ‘Breastfeeding and formula feeding provide a baby with the same health benefits’ (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005). CMF marketing score was not associated with CMF positivity score. Marketing suggesting CMF provides benefits similar to, or greater than, breastfeeding should be restricted to help mitigate current inequalities in infant feeding practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}