Maternal and Child Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Formula Labelling in the United Kingdom: Manufacturers' Compliance With the Code, UK Law and Guidance Notes","authors":"Maiko Kamata,&nbsp;Catherine Pereira-Kotze,&nbsp;Marko Kerac,&nbsp;Victoria Sibson","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13794","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13794","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (‘the Code’) was established to protect babies and young children from inappropriate marketing of formula milk, bottles and teats and avoid undue commercial influence on caregiver infant feeding practices, including undermining breastfeeding and safe and appropriate formula feeding. UK law encompasses some but not all of the Code. To address persisting concerns about the marketing of infant formula (IF) and follow-on formula (FoF), we assessed labelling compliance in the UK against relevant provisions in the Code, UK law and Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) Guidance Notes which interpret UK law. Data were collected during July and August 2022 by taking pictures of labels from company websites, in shops and online. We developed three labelling checklists to systematically assess compliance and to compare compliance scores between the regulatory frameworks, formula types and brands. We assessed 57 labels (<i>n</i> = 32 IF and <i>n</i> = 25 FoF) and found low overall compliance: 50% complied with UK law, 32% with Guidance Notes and 40% with the Code. None of the labels complied with provisions prohibiting idealising text and photographs, nutrition and health claims (where relevant) and cross-promotion between formula types. In conclusion, UK IF and FoF labels violate many of the provisions of all three regulatory frameworks. This is evidence of inappropriate marketing. The UK law should be better enforced and strengthened in line with the Code to protect breastfeeding, support safer, appropriate formula feeding and lessen commercial influence on infant feeding practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Reported Feeding Practices Associated With Children's Observed Willingness-to-Try-New-Foods in Childcare","authors":"Farah Behbehani,&nbsp;Kristen M. Hurley,&nbsp;Maureen M. Black","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13798","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Feeding behaviours are established early in life, with lifelong influences on children's appetite, growth and health, emphasizing the importance of understanding how parent–child feeding interactions relate to children's eating and growth patterns. The objective was to examine reciprocity between parent-reported feeding practices and children's observed willingness-to-try-new-foods in childcare settings without parental presence, thereby assessing independence from context and parental influence. The sample included parent–child dyads (<i>n</i> = 436) recruited from 51 childcare centres across 10 counties. Parent-reported feeding practices, children's observed willingness-to-try-new-foods and children's height and weight were measured using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ), a food tasting activity and standardized anthropometric protocols, respectively. Logistic and linear regression models assessed associations between parent-reported feeding practices and children's observed willingness-to-try-new-foods, as well as body mass index z-score (BMIz), respectively. All models adjusted for potential confounders, including clustering within childcare centres. Children's observed willingness-to-try-new-foods was positively associated with parent-reported restriction for weight control, suggesting independence from context. A child-driven interpretation suggests parental perceptions of children's high food responsivity or concerns about excess weight gain and a parent-driven interpretation suggests that children exhibit higher willingness-to-try-new-foods in response to parental weight-related restriction. Children's observed willingness-to-try-new-foods was not related to other parent-reported feeding practices. Child BMIz was positively associated with parent-reported restriction for weight and health and negatively associated with pressuring and giving children control over food intake. Future research is needed to determine factors associated with child and parent-driven interpretations of feeding practices and effective strategies to promote responsive parent feeding practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Four Essential Features of the Alive & Thrive Initiative to Improve Maternal, Infant, Young Child, and Adolescent Nutrition","authors":"Edward A. Frongillo,&nbsp;Jessica Escobar-DeMarco,&nbsp;Sujata Bose","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13800","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Alive &amp; Thrive</i> has been a major global nutrition initiative that aimed to learn how to improve maternal, infant, young child, and adolescent nutrition and health on a large scale. During 2009–2014, <i>Alive &amp; Thrive</i> developed and implemented interventions to improve infant and young child feeding at scale in three countries. Subsequently, <i>Alive &amp; Thrive</i> expanded its work to more than 15 geographies, including six country-specific and two regional programs, to additionally address maternal and adolescent nutrition while adding agriculture and social protection programs to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition. Reflecting on the big picture of what the <i>Alive &amp; Thrive</i> initiative has accomplished in its 16 years and how it did so, four features warranted emphasis because additional learning was needed. These four features were: commitment to exemplary large-scale social and behaviour change communication, explicit focus on policy and advocacy to achieve and sustain change, promotion of country-led initiatives through technical assistance, and attention to quality assurance and improvement in programming. For each feature, an assessment across the <i>Alive &amp; Thrive</i> portfolio was commissioned, each led by an external consultant or team. The assessments highlighted designing and implementing exemplary social and behaviour change programming and policy advocacy in each country, undertaking a large-scale effort through careful, in-depth, and evidence-based planning that is bolstered by strong engagement with relevant stakeholders at multiple levels. The assessments also highlighted technical assistance that is responsive to country contexts to support country-led initiatives and attention to assuring and improving the quality of programming to achieve effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis","authors":"Mar Lozano-Casanova,&nbsp;Silvia Escribano,&nbsp;Isabel Sospedra,&nbsp;Antonio Oliver-Roig,&nbsp;Miguel Richart-Martinez","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13799","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13799","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parental feeding styles are an important factor influencing child development. Traditionally, they have been classified into four styles based on cut-off points for responsiveness and demandingness. However, alternative methods, such as latent class analysis (LCA), allow for the detection of underlying homogeneous populations. The aims of this study are to: (a) identify different parental feeding styles in a Spanish sample using LCA; (b) explore the characteristics of the classes of different parenting styles, taking into account sociodemographic and psychological variables; and (c) compare the classification of parental feeding styles by assessment method: LCA versus the median split cut-off point to determine high and low levels for each dimension. A cross-sectional study (<i>n</i> = 774, including fathers and mothers of toddlers) was conducted to perform a one-step LCA with covariates, using items that assess the demandingness and responsiveness feeding dimensions. Cross-tabulations were performed to compare the use of LCA versus the median cut-off point for assessing parental feeding styles/patterns. Four different patterns emerged from the LCA, characterised by high or moderate scores for responsiveness and varying scores for demandingness. These were labelled as the Moderately Authoritative, Authoritative, Moderate, and Indulgent classes. Mothers were more likely to belong to the Indulgent class, and high levels of parental stress increased the likelihood of parents belonging to the Moderate class. The classification of participants was not consistent between the two methods. Authoritarian and uninvolved feeding behaviours were not detected using LCA. In conclusion, gender and parental stress were factors that may help to explain the distribution of parents across feeding styles. These variables should therefore be considered when studying different populations. Furthermore, LCA could be utilised to design more accurate intervention strategies by helping to identify common needs among parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content Analysis of Austrian Print and Online Newspaper Coverage of Breastfeeding Over Two Decades","authors":"Birgit Zuckerhut,&nbsp;Brigitte Naderer,&nbsp;Jakob-Moritz Eberl,&nbsp;Petro Tolochko,&nbsp;Leah Lercher,&nbsp;Elena Jirovsky-Platter,&nbsp;Eva Winzer,&nbsp;Amber Hromi-Fiedler,&nbsp;Rafael Pérez-Escamilla,&nbsp;Maria Wakolbinger","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13795","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13795","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the first 6 months, breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for newborns, but the breastfeeding prevalence in Austria is still below the official WHO Guidelines (64% breastfeeding and 1.9% exclusive breastfeeding after 6 months). Exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first 6 months are low in the European Region but higher globally at 48%. Breastfeeding behaviour and the decision to breastfeed can be influenced by many factors, such as social norms, the social environment, health, commercial milk formula (CMF) marketing, and media reports. Therefore, it is important to understand how breastfeeding and CMF are presented in Austrian media and the possible impact these portrayals have on mothers and the broader community. The aim of this study was to analyze print and online newspaper coverage in Austrian newspapers related to breastfeeding between 2002 and 2022 with a special focus on the valence of reporting on breastfeeding and CMF in different genres of online and print newspapers. For this analysis, more than 2500 unique articles were identified, coded, and analysed (e.g., main topic, valence towards breastfeeding, and valence towards CMF). The results showed that media coverage of breastfeeding has decreased slightly over the last 20 years, particularly with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Print and online newspaper coverage of breastfeeding was mostly neutral, with a focus on breastfeeding and its association with disease, health benefits of breastfeeding, and event announcements related to breastfeeding. The valence on breastfeeding was more positive than on CMF. Middle-market newspapers appear to report more about breastfeeding than tabloids and broadsheets. To normalise breastfeeding, informative, unbiased, and extensive media coverage is important. Collaboration between breastfeeding advocates and journalists could be beneficial in increasing positive coverage of breastfeeding in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Anglophone and Francophone West African Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence","authors":"Martha Osekua Lewis-Koku,&nbsp;Catharine A. K. Fleming,&nbsp;Lucy Ngaihbanglovi Pachuau,&nbsp;Nagwa Farag Elmighrabi,&nbsp;Kingsley Emwinyore Agho","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13792","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) are highly effective forms of preventive medicine in many low- and middle-income countries, including Anglophone and Francophone West African countries. Despite the proven benefits of EIBF and EBF in reducing mortality and morbidity, there is limited systematic evidence from West African countries. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of EIBF and EBF in Anglophone and Francophone West African countries. Six databases were searched for eligible studies based on inclusion criteria and a systematic review and a further meta-analysis were done. The weighted prevalence of EIBF was 51.7% (95% CI: 48.8, 54.6) in Anglophone West African countries and 45.5% (95% CI: 42.0, 48.9) in Francophone West African countries. The pooled prevalence of EBF was 41.2% (95% CI: 36.9, 45.5) in Anglophone West African countries and 30.1% (95% CI: 26.7, 33.5) in Francophone West African countries. Our study showed that the weighted average EIBF and EBF prevalence tended to be higher from studies in Anglophone West African countries than in Francophone West African countries. Despite these findings, EIBF and EBF rates overall in West African countries were suboptimal. A substantial improvement is necessary in promoting EIBF and EBF in West African countries. Programmes should target all mothers in the region no matter their colonial allegiance to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 3 by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Capillary Blood for Assessing Vitamin A Nutritional Status Among Children Under 7 Years of Age: A Multicenter Study","authors":"Luanluan Li,&nbsp;Shouxun Hu,&nbsp;Xiaonan Li,&nbsp;Feiyong Jia,&nbsp;Meizhu Chi,&nbsp;Zhihong Wen,&nbsp;Sufei Yang,&nbsp;Yuning Li,&nbsp;Lijun Ha,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoling Long,&nbsp;Shuanfeng Fang,&nbsp;Lu Xie,&nbsp;Huifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaodan Yu","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13796","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13796","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitamin A deficiency remains a major public health problem worldwide, particularly among young children. Capillary blood has the potential for application in vitamin A assessment. The aim of this study is to validate the accuracy of capillary blood for assessing vitamin A nutritional status among young children. Venous and capillary blood samples were simultaneously collected from 1366 healthy children under 7 years of age across 12 regions in China. Retinol was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The agreement was assessed with Bland–Altman plot, Kappa, and prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) values. The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using the ROC curve method. Venous and capillary retinol levels showed significant differences but were highly correlated with <i>r</i> of 0.93. Ordinary least squares regression was used to characterize (β = 0.913) and correct the systematic bias in capillary data (compared to paired venous). Thereafter, Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the mean bias of corrected capillary retinol compared to venous retinol was 0.01 (95%CI: −0.24, 0.25) μmol/L with no significant difference (<i>p</i> ＞ 0.05). Corrected capillary retinol showed excellent performance for estimating vitamin A status when compared to venous retinol, with Kappa of 0.77–0.83, PABAK of 0.80–0.96, sensitivity of 0.86–0.91 and specificity of 0.87–0.98. Capillary HPLC-MS/MS method is therefore adequate for assessing vitamin A status of young children after correction for systematic bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Costs of a Multisectoral Nutrition Program Implemented Through a Poultry Value Chain Platform in Burkina Faso","authors":"Amy Margolies,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Pedehombga,&nbsp;Aisha Twalibu,&nbsp;Odiche Nwabuikwu,&nbsp;Jolene Wun,&nbsp;Chris Kemp,&nbsp;Aulo Gelli,&nbsp;Carol Levin","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13791","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13791","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Undernutrition in women and young children in Burkina Faso is a critical problem. Egg consumption is low despite many households raising poultry. The Soutenir l'Exploitation Familiale pour Lancer l'Élevage des Volailles et Valoriser l'Économie Rurale (SELEVER) project, an integrated agriculture-nutrition intervention, promoted egg consumption and sales to investigate the impact of poultry production on child nutrition. Multisectoral nutrition-sensitive agriculture programs address nutrition deficits but lack comparable cost information. This study estimates the costs of the SELEVER program, an integrated poultry and nutrition intervention. The study estimates the program's economic costs using a standardized methodology from the Strengthening Economic Evaluation for Multisectoral Strategies for Nutrition (SEEMS-Nutrition) consortium, which aligns financial and economic costs along program impact pathways, allocating costs by activities and inputs. We conducted qualitative interviews and focus groups on time allocation and beneficiary out-of-pocket costs. Incremental economic costs were calculated by combining expenditures and economic costs. The total incremental program cost was USD$18,084,727.68 over 5 years, with annual incremental costs of USD$209.20 per direct beneficiary and $796.26 per household. Major cost drivers included overhead (18%), poultry extension (17%), training (16%), household counseling (7%), technical assistance (7%) and microcredit (6%). Total input costs were dominated by personnel (51%), supplies (13%), agricultural inputs (10%) and overhead (9%). We present the total incremental costs of a multisectoral nutrition intervention to generate revenue with poultry. The costs per beneficiary were higher than similar interventions, underscoring the need for cost-effectiveness evaluations of multisectoral nutrition programs. A standardized cost methodology facilitates comparisons with multisectoral nutrition interventions and builds the evidence base.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Prelacteal Feeding of Commercial Milk Formula: An Analysis of Cohort Data From the BADUTA Study in Indonesia","authors":"Siti Nurokhmah,&nbsp;Min Kyaw Htet,&nbsp;Elaine Ferguson,&nbsp;Michael J. Dibley,&nbsp;Umi Fahmida","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13790","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Introducing commercial milk formula (CMF) as prelacteal feeds can disturb exclusive breastfeeding and shorten breastfeeding duration. However, the prelacteal feeding of CMF has been growing alongside its increasing sales in Indonesia. This study examined predictors of the CMF feeding in the Malang and Sidoarjo districts of Indonesia. This analysis used post-delivery data collected from 676 mothers in a cohort evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial (Baduta study). Multivariate random effects logistic models were employed to assess factors associated with the CMF feeding. A total of 467 (69.1%) respondents reported giving CMF to their infants during the first 3 days after delivery. Mothers with low breastfeeding self-efficacy (BFSE) were at a higher risk of providing CMF within 3 days of birth compared to those with medium or high BFSE (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) (4.26–15.48). Receiving explanations to solve breastfeeding problems from health professionals (aOR: 1.87; 97% CI: 1.12–3.11) and primipara parity (aOR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.12–3.04) were positively associated with the CMF feeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) was protective against CMF feeding (aOR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22–0.58). There was an interaction between EIBF and BFSE. EIBF was protective among mothers with high or medium BFSE, but had no effect among those with low BFSE. CMF feeding was prevalent in Indonesia. Future strategies should focus on improving health-staff capacity to strengthen BFSE during pregnancy and provide adequate counselling for mothers with breastfeeding problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Circumference Versus Length and Weight Deficits up to 2 Years of Age in Bangladesh","authors":"Leanna Cho,&nbsp;Alison S. B. Dasiewicz,&nbsp;Kelly M. Watson,&nbsp;Huma Qamar,&nbsp;Diego G. Bassani,&nbsp;Stanley Zlotkin,&nbsp;Minhazul Mohsin,&nbsp;Farhana Khanam Keya,&nbsp;Prakesh S. Shah,&nbsp;Davidson H. Hamer,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Mahmud,&nbsp;Daniel E. Roth","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13793","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.13793","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infant undernutrition, defined by length- and weight-based indices, is common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but corresponding deficits in head size have received less attention. In a cohort of term newborns in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we compared the severity of deficits (vs. World Health Organization Growth Standards) in head circumference (HC), length and weight at birth and every 3 months until 2 years of age (<i>n</i> range across timepoints: 843–920). We estimated the mean and 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of HC-, length- and weight-for-age z-scores (HCZ, LAZ and WAZ, respectively). Differences between HCZ and LAZ (or WAZ) were analyzed using paired <i>t</i> tests and quantile regression. We also derived HCZ using height-age instead of chronological age at 3–24 months. Mean HCZ was significantly higher than mean LAZ and WAZ at birth, but HCZ was significantly lower than LAZ at 6, 9 and 12 months and the HCZ and LAZ deficits were similar from 15 to 24 months. Mean HCZ was lower than WAZ at all ages beyond birth. Patterns were broadly consistent at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles. The HCZ deficit remained evident when HC was standardized using height-age at all ages beyond birth, indicating HC was reduced relative to body size. In conclusion, among term-born children in Dhaka, HCs were smaller than international standards at all ages up to 2 years, and there was no evidence of postnatal head sparing. Consideration should be given to routine measurement of HC in population health surveys in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.13793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}