Maternal and Child Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Diversity, Haemoglobin and Anaemia in Nepali Adolescent Girls: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Anjana Rai,&nbsp;Kenda Cunningham,&nbsp;Darren Wraith,&nbsp;Ramesh P. Adhikari,&nbsp;Marguerite C. Sendall,&nbsp;Naomi Saville,&nbsp;Smita Nambiar","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70090","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescent girls and young women in Nepal are vulnerable to poor diets and anaemia, yet the extent of these risks remains overlooked. We assessed changes in dietary diversity, haemoglobin, and anaemia, and identified associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Nepal. We analysed data from a longitudinal panel study including never-married and not-pregnant participants, enroled at 10–19 years in 2017 (<i>n</i> = 770) and followed up in 2018 (<i>n</i> = 682) and 2019 (<i>n</i> = 618). We used descriptive statistics and mixed-effects regression analyses. The dietary diversity score was on average four out of 10 food groups, haemoglobin remained between 12.7 and 12.8 g/dL throughout the study period, and anaemia prevalence increased from 20.6% (2017) to 24.8% (2019). In adjusted models, we found positive associations between more schooling and dietary diversity and between access to improved toilet and haemoglobin. Living in the <i>terai</i> and hills, and disadvantaged caste/ethnicity were negatively associated with dietary diversity, and haemoglobin, while living in the <i>terai</i> and disadvantaged caste/ethnicity were negatively associated with anaemia. Food insecurity was negatively associated with dietary diversity only. Post-menarche status was associated with lower haemoglobin and higher odds of anaemia. Adolescent nutrition should be prioritised within national health, education, and social protection frameworks. Multi-sectoral interventions particularly in <i>terai</i> and hills, should focus on scaling up micronutrient supplementation, enhancing government-led school meal programme to provide balanced, culturally appropriate meals (including vegetarian protein sources for lacto-vegetarians), improving educational uptake, ensuring access to sanitation facilities, and delivering targeted, sustained interventions around menarche throughout adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of Dietary Energy, Macro and Micronutrient Intake From the Third Trimester of Pregnancy to 8.5 Months Postpartum Among Brazilian Women: The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality Study","authors":"Aline Yukari Kurihayashi,&nbsp;Bruna Celestino Schneider,&nbsp;Amanda Caroline Cunha Figueiredo,&nbsp;Gabriela Torres Silva,&nbsp;Adriana Divina de Souza Campos,&nbsp;Daniela Polessa Paula,&nbsp;Daniela de Barros Mucci,&nbsp;Lindsay H. Allen,&nbsp;Gilberto Kac","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pregnancy and lactation increase maternal nutritional requirements. This study evaluated the trajectories of maternal dietary energy, macro- and micronutrient intake from the third trimester of pregnancy to 8.5 months postpartum, associated factors, and micronutrient intake adequacy. Longitudinal study with mother-infant pairs recruited in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the third trimester of pregnancy. At least one 24-h recall was answered in the third trimester of pregnancy (<i>n</i> = 369) and three visits postpartum [M1: 1.0–3.49 (<i>n</i> = 196), M2: 3.5–5.99 (<i>n</i> = 145), and M3: 6.0–8.5 months (<i>n</i> = 108)]. The dietary nutritional composition was calculated using the Brazilian Food Composition Table, and the adequacy percentage was determined based on the dietary reference intakes (estimated average requirement or adequate intake). The usual intake was determined using the Multiple Source Method, which involves fitting z-scores with Generalised Mixed-Effect Models. Carbohydrate and fibre dietary intake decreased 1.84 and 0.41 g, monthly, from the third trimester of pregnancy to 8.5 months postpartum. Total fat intake increased 0.89 g per month. Vitamin B2, B9, C, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium intake decreased over time, while vitamin E, selenium, and sodium increased. Prepregnancy body mass index, age, education, and income were significantly associated with changes in macro- and micronutrients over time. Intake adequacy was lowest at the third trimester of pregnancy for vitamin D (29.7%), B6 (53.2%) and iron (60.1%). Vitamins A and C at 8.5 months showed a significant reduction in adequacy compared to the third trimester of pregnancy. Nutritional education strategies should target pregnant women and their families during pregnancy and the postpartum period. They are essential for promoting adequate nutrition and preventing nutrient deficiencies and/or excesses that can adversely affect maternal and infant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Experiences and Perspectives of Marketing and Regulation of Commercial Milk Formula in Thailand: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Chompoonut Topothai,&nbsp;Thitikorn Topothai,&nbsp;Natasha Howard,&nbsp;Viroj Tangcharoensathien,&nbsp;Mary Foong-Fong Chong,&nbsp;Yvette van der Eijk","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Commercial milk formula (CMF) marketing adversely influences breastfeeding practices globally. Thailand enacted the Control of Marketing Promotion of Infant and Young Child Food Act (‘Thai Code’) in 2017 to restrict the marketing of CMF for infants aged 0–12 months. This qualitative study aimed to explore mothers' experiences and perspectives of CMF marketing and its regulation by the Thai Code through semistructured interviews with 15 mothers across Thailand between July 2023 and March 2024. Our findings revealed that while traditional advertising and healthcare-setting promotions decreased, CMF marketing strategies evolved toward social media platforms, particularly TikTok and Facebook, and through building relationships with mothers for CMF products for young children. Participants reported varying perceptions toward CMF marketing, with those of lower socioeconomic status appearing to be more susceptible to marketing claims, for example, CMF boosts cognitive development and is equivalent to breast milk. While participants reported receiving strong breastfeeding support from healthcare facilities, subtle CMF promotional practices persisted in private settings through free sample distribution and invitations to join company-sponsored digital platforms. Despite general awareness that some form of CMF marketing regulation exists, participants had limited knowledge of the Thai Code's specific provisions. Therefore, enhanced monitoring of digital marketing and private healthcare settings, alongside improved public communication about the Thai Code, could strengthen its implementation, particularly in lower income settings in which mothers may be more vulnerable to marketing claims.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Intervention Coverage and Inequities Along the Continuum of Care: Results From the Eighth Demographic and Health Survey in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries","authors":"Erica Phillips,&nbsp;Stephanie Zobrist,&nbsp;Erin M. Milner,&nbsp;Jacqueline K. Kung'u,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Heidkamp,&nbsp;Rukundo K. Benedict","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many countries rely on national household surveys to monitor coverage of nutrition interventions. Following a multi-year consultative effort, 14 new and revised nutrition coverage indicators were included in the Round 8 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-8) core questionnaire. These indicators were better aligned with international recommendations and generate actionable data for policy and programmatic decision making at national, subnational, and global levels. This analysis highlights their potential applications. We included six sub-Saharan African countries who collected and released DHS-8 datasets between January 2021 and June 2024 (Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania). We present weighted averages for all nutrition coverage indicators from pregnancy through young childhood by country and estimate inequities in coverage. Coverage of nutrition interventions provided during pregnancy, birth, and postnatal care was higher than during infancy and young childhood, with wide variation between and within countries. For the new indicators on prenatal counseling about breastfeeding and maternal diet, Ghana had the highest coverage (88% and 92%, respectively) and Mozambique the lowest (48% and 51%). Postnatal counseling about infant and young child feeding practices was universally lower, ranging from 12% in Mozambique to 50% in Ghana. Subnational region, wealth quartile, and maternal education were consistent drivers of inequity. The greatest differences in coverage were by subnational region, as high as 71 percentage points for coverage of height and weight measurement of young children in Kenya. The expanded DHS-8 nutrition indicators fill critical information gaps about coverage and inequalities in care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Experiences and Challenges of Breastfeeding Beyond 2 Years in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Joelle Morgan,&nbsp;Sara Jones,&nbsp;Amy Brown","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The World Health Organization recommend that babies are breastfed up to 2 years old and beyond. Breastfeeding beyond infancy continues to provide physical and mental health benefits for mothers and supports nutrition, immunity and development for children. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the experiences of women who breastfeed beyond 2 years, particularly in countries such as the United Kingdom, where only a small percentage of mothers breastfeed past 1 year. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 12 women in the United Kingdom who breastfed or were breastfeeding a child over 2 years old. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis, identifying the benefits and challenges of their experiences. Breastfeeding was central to women's parenting style and nurturing of their child, and its impact extended far beyond nutrition. Breastfeeding helped with bonding and soothing and was viewed as central to a gentle parenting philosophy. However, women reported facing barriers such as stigma, especially around breastfeeding an older child in public, disapproval from family and friends, and poor information from healthcare professionals. Despite these challenges, mothers reported a desire to set an example to others and to normalise breastfeeding an older child. When trying to stop breastfeeding, there was a conflict between mothers wanting to be led by their child and a desire to regain their bodily autonomy. These findings reiterate the importance of supporting women to breastfeed for as long as they want to and ensuring that breastfeeding support encompasses infants and children of all ages.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance of Dietary Diversity and Moderation Among 28,787 Mother-Child Dyads in 11 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Implications for Global Monitoring and Targeted Nutrition Actions","authors":"Giles T. Hanley-Cook,&nbsp;Emma van der Meulen,&nbsp;Alissa M. Pries,&nbsp;Simone M. Gie,&nbsp;Nancy J. Aburto,&nbsp;Bridget A. Holmes","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2025, the ‘Prevalence of minimum dietary diversity’ among infants and young children (IYC) aged 6–23 months and females aged 15–49 years was adopted as an additional Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger indicator. Previous studies, mainly in high-income countries, have reported that children's diets bear weak to moderate resemblance of their mothers' diets. Therefore, this study assessed i) the rank correlation between Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) and MDD-IYC prevalence at country-level and ii) the associations and concordance of nutritious and unhealthy food group consumption among mother-child dyads using nationally representative survey data from 11 low- and middle-income countries. MDD-W was significantly higher than MDD-IYC in each survey, but the indicators nonetheless rank correlated very strongly across countries. Discordance favoured mothers for pulses, nuts and seeds; flesh foods; vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (F&amp;V); other F&amp;V; and fried and salty foods, while the opposite was observed for dairy products, eggs, and sweet drinks. Higher maternal dietary diversity was strongly associated with higher diversity in nutritious food group consumption among children in each country. Lastly, mothers consuming five or more out of 10 nutritious food groups—in other words, achieving MDD-W—best discriminated whether children achieved MDD-IYC or not. In conclusion, MDD-IYC and MDD-W data provide complementary insights for targeted and context-specific food and nutrition policies and programmes, such as behavioural change and nutrition education interventions and food environment regulations, needed to improve dietary diversity and moderation of unhealthy food groups among both IYC and females of childbearing age.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Household Food Insecurity Impact Complementary Feeding, in High Income Countries, in a Cost-of-Living Crisis? A Systematic Scoping Review","authors":"Grace Hollinrake,&nbsp;Lowri Stevenson,&nbsp;Laura L. Wilkinson,&nbsp;Sophia Komninou,&nbsp;Amy Brown","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complementary feeding, when infants are introduced to solid foods, is an important stage of learning new tastes, textures and eating behaviours. Austerity, post-BREXIT (in the UK) and the COVID-19 pandemic have created a cost-of-living crisis, exacerbating prevalence of food insecurity in high-income countries. Understanding how this may impact upon parents' experience of complementary feeding is important. This systematic scoping review therefore examined how food insecurity impacts diet and feeding practices during the complementary feeding period for infants aged 6–18 months. Four electronic databases were searched, identifying 5822 articles. 3293 titles and abstracts, from which 30 full texts were screened by two independent reviewers. The final review included five articles (two qualitative and three quantitative). Three articles were conducted in Australia, one in America, one in New Zealand with 1044 parent/child dyads in total. Strategies such as encouraging children to finish their food, avoiding foods that might not be accepted and reducing food variety were common. These strategies may ensure children are fed but may reduce elements of complementary feeding that we know are important such as exposing infants to wide varieties of tastes, textures and nutrients and adopting a responsive feeding style. The sparsity of evidence in this review, particularly for research based in the UK, highlights the need for further research in high-income countries to explore the impact of household food insecurity on complementary feeding. This will help to identify priorities for those working in policy and practice to support families with complementary feeding during the cost-of-living crisis and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision and Sample Sizes Achieved for Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators Evaluated in Anthropometry Assessments: A Secondary Analysis of Population-Representative Surveys in Refugee Settings","authors":"Eva Leidman,&nbsp;Behzad Kianian,&nbsp;Oleg Bilukha","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study characterizes the sample size and precision for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators evaluated in surveys conducted in refugee settings, characterized by sample sizes enabling timely information to inform humanitarian response. We analyzed surveys provided by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees conducted from 2013 to 2019. For eight IYCF indicators recommended in the current global guidance, we assessed achieved sample sizes and precision by evaluating the half-width of 95% confidence intervals (HWCIs) by survey design. Among cluster surveys, we characterized the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and design effects. Final analysis included 203 surveys from refugee settings in 15 countries. Ever breastfed and bottle feeding indicators were the most precise (median HWCI: 3.1% and 3.6%) due to inclusion of all children 0–23 months resulting in relatively large sample sizes and estimates of prevalence close to 100% and 0%, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months and the introduction of solid foods (6–8 months) had the lowest precision (median HWCI estimates: 12.6% and 18.2%). In cluster surveys, early initiation of breastfeeding and flesh food consumption stood out with markedly higher design effects (median estimates: 2.63 and 2.17) driven by relatively larger sample sizes and high ICCs (median estimates: 0.31 and 0.27); all other indicators had median design effects &lt; 1.3. Evidence on expected variation in precision and heterogeneity by indicator can help design surveys with samples that allow for the rapid collection of data sufficient to inform emergency responses. High caution is needed when interpreting estimates of exclusive breastfeeding and introduction of solid foods in past surveys given lower precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Risk Factors Associated With Acute Malnutrition Severity Among Under-Five Children Based on a Machine Learning Approach: The Case of Rural Emergency Contexts in Niger and Mali","authors":"Luis Javier Sánchez-Martínez,&nbsp;Pilar Charle-Cuéllar,&nbsp;Abdias Ogobara Dougnon,&nbsp;Fanta Toure,&nbsp;Antonio Vargas,&nbsp;Candela Lucía Hernández,&nbsp;Noemí López-Ejeda","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, child acute malnutrition continues to be a serious public health problem, and although its most fatal consequences are well known, its associated factors still need to be studied in more depth in different contexts. The objective of the present study is to determine the association between socioeconomic variables and acute malnutrition severity in rural emergency contexts of Niger and Mali. The present study consists of a secondary analysis of controlled trials. Data related to a total of 1447 treated children (6–59 months of age) were considered, for whom the Variable Selection Using Random Forests (VSURF) algorithm was applied to create interpretation and prediction random forest models (considering 86 variables). In Mali and Niger, the prediction models agree in pointing out aspects related to the water source and the work activity of caregivers as some of the main risk factors for developing severe acute malnutrition. However, the interpretation models highlight important heterogeneity, with the distance to the health center being the greatest exponent of this situation, being the most important factor in Niger while disappearing in Mali. The prediction accuracy in the interpretation model was 68.0% in Niger and 79.80% in Mali, while the prediction model reached similar rates of 63.17% and 75.63%, respectively. Machine learning techniques have proven to be a valid tool to interpret and predict the degree of severity of acute malnutrition based on socioeconomic characteristics, including complex interrelationships. The results obtained point out different aspects to be addressed to prevent and minimize the effects of acute malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Markers Associated With Altered Fetal Growth in Mediterranean Cohort","authors":"Ehsan Motevalizadeh,&nbsp;Andrés Díaz-López,&nbsp;Cristina Jardí,&nbsp;Cristina Rey-Reñones,&nbsp;Francisco Martín-Luján,&nbsp;Victoria Arija","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiometabolic disturbances in pregnancy appear to be associated with inappropriate fetal growth, but evidence from uncomplicated pregnancies is still scarce and, due to varied findings, inconclusive. Moreover, most studies focus on specific markers, often measured at a single gestational time-point. We aimed to assess the associations between maternal cardiometabolic markers, measured in early and late pregnancy, and neonatal size in a Mediterranean cohort of healthy women. Longitudinally, we analyzed 264 mother-neonate pairs. Maternal metabolic markers (glucose, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and blood pressure (BP)) were assessed in the first (T1) and third (T3) trimesters. Birthweight (g) and head circumference (HC, cm) were assessed in the newborns. Small (SGA, &lt; 10th percentile) and large (LGA, &gt; 90th percentile) for-gestational-age were the primary outcomes. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regressions were performed. Overall, based on weight and HC at birth, there were 10.5% and 6.4% SGA infants, while 8.1% and 16.7% were LGA, respectively. After adjustments for confounders, maternal T1 triglycerides were positively associated with birthweight (β:74.81 g per 1-SD increment, <i>p</i> = 0.006), and higher T1 LDL-c levels increased the risk of LGA newborns (OR:1.64 g per 1-SD increment, <i>p</i> = 0.046). T3 diastolic-BP was inversely associated with birthweight (β:-86.19 g per 1-SD increment; <i>p</i> = 0.010) and HC (β:-0.30 g per 1-SD increment; <i>p</i> = 0.008). High diastolic-BP (≥ 75th percentile, 77 mmHg) was also linked to a higher risk of SGA newborns for both weight (OR:3.54, <i>p</i> = 0.022) and HC (OR:2.56 g per 1-SD increment, <i>p</i> = 0.025). In conclusions, elevated maternal lipids in early pregnancy and diastolic BP in late pregnancy adversely impact offspring birth size, highlighting the importance of incorporating metabolic monitoring into routine prenatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}