Ke Gong;Meng Xue Deng;Hang Qian;Chun Feng Fan;Qing Liu;Yan Zhang
{"title":"Millimeter-Wave Broadband Circularly Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna With Interlayer Parasitic Patches and Bent Feeding Network","authors":"Ke Gong;Meng Xue Deng;Hang Qian;Chun Feng Fan;Qing Liu;Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3722869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3722869","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband circularly polarized (CP) magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna array is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. Circular polarization is generated via electromagnetic coupling between E-shaped patches. The axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth is significantly broadened by introducing L-shaped bent parasitic patches beneath the upper substrate. A 2 × 2 array with a compact bent corporate feeding network is further developed, reducing transmission loss while achieving impedance matching and frequency tuning through weak coupling. Measurement results show that the 2 × 2 array exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 67.48% and an AR bandwidth of 47.39%, with a peak gain of 13.38 dBic. The proposed CP antenna array features advantages such as a wide impedance bandwidth, a wide AR bandwidth, a compact design, and a convenient feeding network.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"4013-4017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Ayebe;Rob Maaskant;Marianna Ivashina;Henrik Holter;Andreas Wikström
{"title":"Antenna-Level Self-Interference Suppression in Full-Duplex Radar via Transmit Beamforming","authors":"Mustafa Ayebe;Rob Maaskant;Marianna Ivashina;Henrik Holter;Andreas Wikström","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3720787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3720787","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a transmit beamforming method for antenna-level self-interference (SI) suppression in full-duplex radar. The transmit excitation is constrained to a low-coupling modal subspace derived from the SI coupling matrix while maximizing the received target echo based on an embedded element pattern propagation model. The method is validated experimentally using a coherent radio frequency system-on-chip-based frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar with closely spaced <inline-formula><tex-math>${text {3}}times {text {5}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Vivaldi transmit and receive arrays. For a 45 dB isolation threshold, the proposed beamformer improves per-element isolation from 30 dB to 45 dB to 66 dB to 88 dB, provides more than 40 dB suppression across a 100 MHz bandwidth, and recovers target echoes masked under conventional maximum-gain transmission. The results demonstrate that transmit beamforming offers an effective first-stage SI suppression technique for full-duplex radar.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"3938-3942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A GNN Surrogate for Fast S-NFC-Based RCS Estimation of Large-Scale Chaff Clouds","authors":"Shuhong Zhao;Pei-Yao Chen;Wan-Li Ma;Sheng Sun","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3718686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3718686","url":null,"abstract":"To accelerate scattering analysis of chaff clouds under sparsification via neglecting far-field coupling (S-NFC), this letter proposes a graph neural network surrogate that predicts segment-level complex currents under the S-NFC approximation. Following the sparsity assumption of the S-NFC formulation, the chaff cloud is represented as a sparse graph, where neighboring chaff elements exchange local coupling information through message passing. The predicted S-NFC-surrogate currents are then used for radar cross section (RCS) evaluation. Numerical results show that the proposed model reproduces S-NFC reference currents and RCS patterns for the tested chaff-cloud distributions, and can be evaluated on larger clouds than those used during training under the same frequency, strip length, density, and coupling-radius settings. The method reduces runtime relative to the implemented S-NFC reference solver in the tested cases, while its accuracy remains bounded by the S-NFC labels used for training.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"3883-3887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Port, Quad-Band Helical Conformal Antenna for Noninvasive Ear-Canal BCIs","authors":"Bowen Chen;Zeqing Zhang;Yanjie Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3723030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3723030","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a dual-port, quad-band high isolation ear canal-fitted flexible helical conformal implantable antenna for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. Port 1 is designed for dual-band power harvesting, operating at 0.915 GHz for far-field and 1.73 GHz for midfield power capture. Port 2 is allocated for biotelemetry, receiving control signals at 1.4 GHz and transmitting electroencephalogram data at 2.45 GHz. The antenna is fabricated on a 0.025 mm thick polyimide substrate, employing two radiating patches on a shared ground to achieve quad-band operation. Meanwhile, decoupling slits etched into the ground plane provide isolation of over 27 dB across all bands. The antenna prototype measurement verification demonstrates highly efficient quad-band operation, and the measured fractional bandwidths for the 0.915 GHz, 1.4 GHz, 1.73 GHz, and 2.45 GHz frequency bands are 7.7%, 9.7%, 4.7%, and 13.2%, respectively, with corresponding measured peak gains of −38.6 dBi, −27.5 dBi, −29 dBi, and −23 dBi. The proposed antenna offers potential for ear-canal implanted brain-computer interface applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"4028-4032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yajin Wang;Minjian Ao;Qingxin Guo;Jianxun Su;Zengrui Li
{"title":"Conformal Metasurface for Scattering Pattern Modulation on Double-Curved Surface","authors":"Yajin Wang;Minjian Ao;Qingxin Guo;Jianxun Su;Zengrui Li","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3719454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3719454","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a scattering pattern modulation (SPM) method for conformal metasurfaces (CMs) on double-curved surfaces. Based on array synthesis theory, a mathematical model is developed that explicitly incorporates local surface curvature. A reflective polarization-conversion element is utilized to provide 360° continuous phase control. Using the SPM method, optimized phase distributions are synthesized to realize backscattering enhancement and dual-beam scattering on a sinusoidal surface. The backscattering enhanced CM prototype was fabricated via 3-D printing technology, demonstrating a radar cross section enhancement exceeding 10 dB from 7.5 GHz to 13.5 GHz. The measured results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed SPM method and its capability for precise scattering control on arbitrarily curved, nondevelopable surfaces.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"3898-3902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Zheng;Judao Wang;Jinyu Ma;Linghui Kong;Yan Qu;Kai Zhang;Xiaoyan Pang;Zhen-Xing Xia;Xue-Xia Yang
{"title":"Dual-Frequency Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Filtering Waveguide Slot Antenna Array for Satellite Communications","authors":"Qi Zheng;Judao Wang;Jinyu Ma;Linghui Kong;Yan Qu;Kai Zhang;Xiaoyan Pang;Zhen-Xing Xia;Xue-Xia Yang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3719289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3719289","url":null,"abstract":"Multiband, multipolarization, anti-interference, and high efficiency antenna array have emerged for satellite communications. In this letter, a dual-frequency dual-polarized shared-aperture filtering waveguide slot antenna array is proposed for <italic>X</i> -band satellite communications. The array consists of 4 × 12 vertically polarized (VP) and 4 × 16 circularly polarized (CP) subarrays working at two closely frequency bands with a high signal interference suppression. First of all, the lower band VP antenna element is a longitudinal slot located on the top of a ridged waveguide, whereas the higher band CP antenna element consists of a pair of tilted and longitudinal slots grooved on the edge and top of a second U-shaped ridged waveguide. The CP is obtained by independently controlling the tilted and longitudinal slots. Moreover, the ridged waveguides integrated with filtering capability are proposed to suppress the signal interference and reduce the mutual coupling between the two closely bands. The measured results show that the proposed array has the advantages of dual-band, VP and CP polarizations, low sidelobe levels, low cross-polarization levels, stable gain variation, and low signal interference, which can be applied for highly integrated CP satellite communication and VP remote sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"3893-3897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis Design of a Three-Dimensional Wideband Transmissive Polarization-Rotating Structure","authors":"Xiaoqi Wang;Jiwei Shen;Bo Li;Lei Zhu;Ahmed Abdelmottaleb Omar","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3719646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3719646","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a novel easily assembled three-dimensional (3-D) wideband transmissive polarization-rotating structure (PRS). The proposed structure is composed of stacked single-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs) patterned with simple microstrip lines and slotlines, along with several metallic supporting structures. Due to the inherently orthogonal electric-field distributions between slotlines and microstrip lines on the same single-layer PCB, the PRS realizes effective 90° polarization rotation. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) is built and synthesized using the equal-ripple Chebyshev function; multiple resonators formed by transmission lines deliver high-order broadband performance. Based on this synthesis method, a 3-D PRS prototype is designed and fabricated, attaining a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 66.2% and a return loss (RL) of 13 dB. Its unit cell has an electrical size of only 0.1λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.1λ<sub>0</sub>. Structurally, the proposed structure exhibits a compact periodic size, low PCB consumption, and a simple fabrication process. Experimental results verify its excellent angular stability and broadband working capability. The presented design strategy provides new perspectives for the development of broadband 3-D PRS.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"3903-3907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ijaz Khan;Jinyao Zhang;Mian Muhammad Kamal;Kuang Zhang;Habib Ullah;Yizhi Shao;Chaoyun Song
{"title":"A Self-Decoupled Ku-Band CP MIMO Antenna Using Asymmetrically Stepped Slotted Patches","authors":"Ijaz Khan;Jinyao Zhang;Mian Muhammad Kamal;Kuang Zhang;Habib Ullah;Yizhi Shao;Chaoyun Song","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3720270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3720270","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a small self-decoupled circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna working in the Ku band for satellite communication. Each radiating element consists of an asymmetrically stepped slotted patch, in which slot-induced perturbations excite two orthogonal characteristic modes with a quadrature phase relationship, as verified by characteristic mode analysis. This radiator-level design inherently reduces mutual coupling between neighboring elements while achieving CP radiation, without requiring additional decoupling or polarization control mechanisms. The proposed antenna attains an impedance bandwidth of 12 GHz to 14.2 GHz (16.8%) and maintains a minimum interelement isolation of 25 dB across the operating band. CP is achieved with an axial ratio bandwidth of 12.73 GHz to 14.35 GHz. The antenna demonstrates a peak gain of 9.7 dBic and an average gain exceeding 7 dB. The proposed architecture provides a simple and effective solution for compact Ku-band MIMO systems, such as very small aperture terminals and satellite communication applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"3928-3932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengyu Shen;Tailai Ni;Shi Chen;Song Qiu;Qingxiang Liu
{"title":"Physics-Informed Impairment Diagnosis of Mechanical Helical Phased Arrays From Complex Far-Field Features","authors":"Fengyu Shen;Tailai Ni;Shi Chen;Song Qiu;Qingxiang Liu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3720905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3720905","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an active-element-pattern (AEP)-constrained physics-informed framework for impairment diagnosis of mechanical helical phased arrays from complex far-field features: the sampled far field is rearranged into a four-channel real tensor, and a physics-informed multitask one-dimensional residual network (PI-1D-ResNet) jointly estimates excitation amplitudes, phase components, and impairment states. A frozen full-wave AEP operator imposes a normalized physics-consistency loss, provides data-dependent supervision for the 65% of samples without excitation/fault labels, and is reused at inference for test-time physics refinement (TTPR). For a full-wave-simulated <inline-formula><tex-math>${text{5}}times {text{5}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> single-branch helical antenna array at 10 GHz, the TTPR-enabled model attains 93.75% single-element F1 and 74.94% exact-match accuracy (EMA) under mixed impairments at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 25 dB, outperforming the adapted learning-based and sparse-recovery baselines.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"3943-3947"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Hou;Zhiliang Fan;Shiyuan Li;Chong He;Haiyang Wang
{"title":"Adaptive Tracking With Harmonic Beamforming by 2-Bit Time-Modulated Array","authors":"Bo Hou;Zhiliang Fan;Shiyuan Li;Chong He;Haiyang Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3724158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2026.3724158","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an adaptive tracking method using a 2-bit time-modulated array (TMA). The method analyzes harmonic components generated by periodic switching to establish a relationship between the modulation sequences applied to each element and harmonics present in the received signal, enabling automatic calculation of the complex weights required for adaptive beamforming. These weights are then mapped to new modulation sequences that steer the <inline-formula><tex-math>$+1$</tex-math></inline-formula>st harmonic beam toward the direction of the incident signal. Compared to digital-array-based adaptive tracking techniques, the proposed approach requires only a single RF channel, with its primary computational cost being the discrete Fourier transform of a few harmonic components. Consequently, the method offers a simplified hardware structure and efficient signal processing. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through both numerical simulations and measurements conducted on a fabricated S-band eight-element 2-bit TMA prototype.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"4053-4057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}