{"title":"A Frequency-Agile and Wide-Scanning CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna for Advanced Wireless Systems","authors":"Sajeev K F;Sujith Raman;Gopikrishna M","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3542297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3542297","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a wide-angle scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on composite right-/left-handed metamaterials. The proposed LWA incorporates unit cells with a radiating slot formed by an interdigital capacitor with stepped fingers, interconnected through microstrip delay lines. The innovative radiator design achieves a wide impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz to 6.7 GHz and allows beam steering across a range of −62° to 30°. The antenna demonstrates a peak gain of 10.5 dBi and consistently high radiation efficiency, averaging 72% over the operating range. This high-performance LWA combines a simple design with a compact form factor, offering a cost-effective and easily manufacturable solution. It is specifically optimized for the C-band spectrum and is well-suited for 5G and 6G applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1532-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramonika Sengupta;Ferre Knaepkens;Annie Cuyt;David S. Prinsloo;Thomas Schäfer;A. Bart Smolders
{"title":"A Fast Exponential Analysis and Variable Projection-Based Method for Linear Array Synthesis","authors":"Ramonika Sengupta;Ferre Knaepkens;Annie Cuyt;David S. Prinsloo;Thomas Schäfer;A. Bart Smolders","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3542191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3542191","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a fast exponential analysis and variable projection method to reduce the number of elements in linear phased arrays. The numerical examples given in this work demonstrate a reduction of approximately 20% or 10% in the number of elements, with only a slight decrease in directivity of 0.63 dBi observed for a scan range of <inline-formula><tex-math>$[-45^circ,45^circ ]$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Compared with the combined matrix pencil and Tabu search algorithm, the proposed technique converges in fewer iterations and exhibits <inline-formula><tex-math>$approx {text{5}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB reduction in maximum sidelobe level.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1527-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 1-Bit Reconfigurable Transmitarray With Enhanced Cross-Polarization Discrimination","authors":"Chenyang Meng;Chang Fang;Yin Li;Guangyin Feng;Baiyang Liu;Sai-Wai Wong;Hao Chen","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541548","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband 1-bit reconfigurable transmitarray (RTA) with low cross-polarization and 2-D beam-scanning capacity is proposed for X-band applications. Based on the patch antenna, an RTA element was designed with symmetrical on the top and bottom layers, each capable of 1-bit phase control. Slots placed on the patch structure impede cross-polarization currents, improving cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) by over 10 dB compared to unslotted designs. To further suppress the cross-polarization radiation level, a dual-layer phase coding scheme is proposed. It improves XPD by carefully selecting RTA element states and configuring the phase distribution for cross-polarization symmetric cancellation, achieving an average improvement of more than 5 dB across different beam scanning angles. Owing to the symmetry of the RTA element, the proposed RTA can be fed from either the top or bottom, improving XPD in both directions. An RTA consisting of a 15 × 15-element configuration and fed by a patch antenna is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the proposed scheme. The RTA exhibits a peak gain of 18.5 dBi at 9.5 GHz and demonstrates effective ±60° scanning coverage in both principal planes, achieving an XPD of 40 dB at the scanning angle of 0°.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1517-1521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Carpentieri;Roberto D. Graglia;Paolo Petrini;Maurizio Tavelli
{"title":"Exploring Algebraic Preconditioning of EFIE Matrices Arising From Higher Order Additive Singular Bases","authors":"Bruno Carpentieri;Roberto D. Graglia;Paolo Petrini;Maurizio Tavelli","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541449","url":null,"abstract":"Currently there are no operator-dependent preconditioners (for example of the Calderón type) to handle matrices obtained using high-order singular vector bases. So this letter has a dual purpose. The first is to show that the electric field integral equation discretized by high-order singular bases can be quickly solved iteratively using special general-purpose algebraic preconditioners. The second is to demonstrate that the results obtained with the fast solver have the same accuracy as those obtained using classical direct solution methods. The algebraic preconditioner specifically considered here has been used elsewhere to efficiently solve problems with several million unknowns. Thus, in light of the dual purpose and without loss of generality, we use as benchmarks medium-sized test problems involving singular induced currents because, for these problems, the preconditioned solutions can be compared with those obtained by direct methods, which are notoriously unsuitable for solving very large, ill-conditioned problems. In particular, to demonstrate that our approach correctly models the singular behavior of fields in the near-field region, we report several numerical results for current components induced by plane waves on infinitely thin flat plates. On the edges of these plates, the current component parallel to the edges can be unlimited (i.e., going to infinity), while the component normal to the edges must vanish. This behavior is correctly modeled by our singular bases when necessary and is not corrupted by the fast solver, which demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the singular bases and the preconditioner used.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1507-1511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Low-Profile Wideband Patch Antenna With Consistent Radiation Patterns Based on Dual Antiphase Modes","authors":"Li Zuo;Zhixi Liang;Yunliang Long","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3537215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3537215","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile wideband microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with consistent radiation patterns is proposed based on dual antiphase modes. First, a pair of narrow slots and a differential-fed scheme are introduced to excite antiphase modes with dual resonances. The mechanism is analyzed by the electric fields and magnetic current distributions. The antiphase TM<sub>20</sub> mode has broadside patterns due to in-phase magnetic currents. Second, a pair of wide slots is etched to eliminate the radiation null produced by the antiphase TM<sub>22</sub> mode and to suppress the unwanted TM<sub>12</sub> mode. Thirdly, four shorting pins are loaded to improve impedance matching and to achieve a dual-mode combination, which further enhances the bandwidth. Besides, the bandwidth variation of antenna evolution is investigated. Measured results show that the bandwidth can be significantly enhanced to 45.7% [(5.9 to 9.4) GHz] with a low profile of 0.02λ<sub>0</sub>. The proposed antenna achieves consistent broadside radiation patterns with a peak gain of 9.48 dBi.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1367-1371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Triple-Mode Wideband Filtering Antenna With Planar Configuration by Combining One SIW Cavity and Two Half-Mode Patch Resonators","authors":"Qianwen Liu;Chengyu Li;Lei Zhu;Yiming Tang;Wen-Jun Lu;Yun-Peng Lyu;Feng Huang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541540","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a triple-mode wideband filtering antenna with a planar configuration is presented. The designed antenna has a single substrate layer, which consists of one half-mode circular patch resonator, one half-mode rectangular patch resonator, and one rectangular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity, and it is fed through the conventional coaxial probe. On the basis of the field analysis, these three types of resonators are compactly integrated without disturbing the resonant properties of their dominant modes. Given this, three resonant modes of half-TM<sub>11</sub>, half-TM<sub>10</sub>, and TE<sub>11</sub> are well generated, so as to form a widened operating band. Meanwhile, four radiation nulls are produced from far-field radiation cancellation with the increased radiation boundaries. For validation, a prototype antenna with a center frequency of 2.8 GHz is designed and fabricated. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna achieves an improved fractional bandwidth of 15.7% under three in-band resonances. Besides, four radiation nulls created at 2.32 GHz, 3.22 GHz, 3.49 GHz, and 3.89 GHz in stopband effectively enhance the out-of-band suppression level. Moreover, low profile of 0.037<inline-formula><tex-math>$lambda _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is also implemented.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1512-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xun Jiang;Shujun He;Tingting Zhang;Kexin Yang;Wenjie Feng;Yongrong Shi
{"title":"Design of Ka-Band Filter-Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Theory Using Gap Waveguide Technology","authors":"Xun Jiang;Shujun He;Tingting Zhang;Kexin Yang;Wenjie Feng;Yongrong Shi","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541237","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a Ka-band filter-antenna based on gap waveguide (GWG) is proposed. First, a patch of the filter-antenna with a flat in-band gain and good out-of-band rejection, is analyzed using characteristic mode theory (CMT). Second, a dispersion diagram of a novel mushroom unit cell with four metalized vias is presented. Third, a resonator based on a substrate-integrated waveguide with high quality, along with a GWG feeding line, is added to excite the desired modes. Finally, for integration and measurement considerations, transition structures are designed from the GWG to the microstrip line (MSL) and from the MSL to the coupling slot, and the proposed filter-antenna worked at Ka band is obtained. The measurement results show that the impedance bandwidth of the proposed filter-antenna ranges from 34.3 GHz to 36.9 GHz and the in-band gain is about 8.5 dBi, while the out-of-band rejection levels at the low and high-frequency nulls are about 45 dB and 32 dB, respectively.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1497-1501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Coupling Coefficient Between Two UCA-OAM Antennas Based on Infinitesimal Dipole Modeling","authors":"Jaehoon Jeong;Bang Chul Jung;Young Dam Kim","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3541349","url":null,"abstract":"An infinitesimal dipole modeling (IDM)-based analysis method is proposed to calculate the coupling coefficient (CC) between two uniform circular array (UCA)-orbital angular momentum (OAM) antennas. The proposed method is demonstrated to be more accurate than the asymptotic expression while also being more computationally efficient compared to the method of moments (MoM)-based full-wave simulation. Moreover, the proposed method enables CC analysis between UCAs operating in different OAM modes or in the presence of misalignment. The proposed method can potentially be utilized to estimate channel coefficients electromagnetically and to design OAM communication systems.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1502-1506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingling Wang;Min Zhu;Xuedao Wang;Shaobin Liu;Yonggang Zhou;Zhengyu Huang;Xiangkun Kong;Shangchen Fu
{"title":"The Integrated Design of Broadband Frequency Selective Surface and Distributed Lightning Diversion Layer","authors":"Lingling Wang;Min Zhu;Xuedao Wang;Shaobin Liu;Yonggang Zhou;Zhengyu Huang;Xiangkun Kong;Shangchen Fu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3536778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3536778","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a new integrated design of broadband frequency selective surface and lightning protection is proposed and analyzed. The broadband lightning-protected frequency selective surface (LPFSS) can conduct the lightning currents in the distributed ionizing channels between the gaps of the adjacent unit cells. The top layer of the LPFSS is a thick circular metal array fastened to the substrate, which is also used as the lightning diversion layer. The top and bottom patches can couple with the middle ring slot to generate a broadband transmission window from 7.9 GHz to 12.4 GHz with an insertion loss of less than 1 dB. Besides, the lightning attachment point test and lightning impulse current test are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the lightning protection design.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1347-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Li;Yan Ma;Peng Ren;Baoyi Xu;Ruize Xu;Zheng Xiang
{"title":"Design of Angle-Selective Surface With Narrow-Angle Filtering for Variable Frequency","authors":"Yi Li;Yan Ma;Peng Ren;Baoyi Xu;Ruize Xu;Zheng Xiang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3540930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3540930","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a design of angle-selective surface (ASS) with narrow-angle filtering for variable frequency. The proposed ASS structure is based on a dual-layer frequency-selective surface, where the unit cell comprises a single substrate and two metallic layers. This configuration enables resonant transmission at specific oblique angles while effectively blocking electromagnetic waves at other angles. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model is employed to analyze the proposed structure, revealing the influence of oblique incidence on circuit parameters. The designed ASS demonstrates excellent transmission performance (<inline-formula><tex-math>${S_{21}} geq -1 text{ dB}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) within the angular ranges of 18<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 22<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 14.6 GHz and 28<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 31<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 14.05 GHz. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed design, a prototype was fabricated and measured, with the measured results exhibiting great consistency with the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 6","pages":"1487-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}