European Journal of Wildlife Research最新文献

{"title":"Ecological determinants of spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta occupancy in Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Janvier Aglissi, Etotépé A. Sogbohossou, Fatoumata Soro, Soulemane Ouattara, Brice Sinsin, Hans Bauer","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01768-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01768-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge of the large carnivore guild is important in view of a possible lion reintroduction into the Comoé National Park (CNP), northern Côte d’Ivoire. We used camera trapping to assess activity patterns, habitat selection, and ecological factors influencing the occupancy of the spotted hyena <i>Crocuta crocuta</i>. Our results showed that the presence of leopard <i>Panthera pardus</i>, the only current other large carnivore and thus potential competitor, did not influence hyena occupancy. Hyena occupancy was only significantly related to Euclidian distance to nearest water point. Manly’s alpha habitat selection index values show a preference of spotted hyena for shrub savannah (<i>α</i>_Sa = 0.71), and Pianka’s overlap index showed low spatial competition with leopard (OIJ_(PNC) = 0.12). Our findings showed that spotted hyena were mostly nocturnal, and generally active at the same time slots with leopard, leading to a high index of temporal overlap (OIJ_(time) = 0.78). The kernel density estimation confirmed that spotted hyenas and leopard shared almost half of their activity patterns (Δ1 = 0.49 and 95% CI = 0.26–0.71). Prey diversity is high in CNP but anthropogenic threats appear to suppress population growth of prey and predators. Conservation efforts should continue to reduce pressures before contemplating a potential lion <i>Panthera leo</i> reintroduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human presence is positively related to the number of bird calls and songs: Assessment in a national park","authors":"Javier Pérez-González, Guillermo Rey-Gozalo, Sebastián J. Hidalgo-de-Trucios","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01772-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01772-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human disturbance has been shown to provoke physiological and behavioral responses in birds, so nature-based tourism might reduce bird abundance and diversity. The negative consequences of human disturbance might be expected to be maximized during eventual massive events in highly protected areas such as national parks. In this study, the consequences for soundscapes of human presence and disturbance of thousands of visitors during an ornithological fair (massive event) on the bird community of the Monfragüe National Park (Spain) were analyzed. We found that the number and diversity of bird vocalizations did not decrease during the massive event. In contrast, the presence of people in the Monfragüe National Park was associated with an increase in the number and diversity of vocalizations. The effect of human presence on the number of calls and songs differed: the number of calls mainly increased during the massive event when people were present, while the number of songs increased when people were present, particularly during the measurement campaign without the massive event. The human shield hypothesis, along with other behavioral and environmental factors, might potentially explain the results obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting hunting efficiency in the case of golden jackal","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01770-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01770-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In recent decades, the golden jackal <em>Canis aureus</em> has experienced a population increase in many European countries, including Croatia. As a result, human-jackal conflicts (e.g., damage to livestock and wildlife, general nuisance in (sub)urban areas) have increased dramatically, and there is an urgent need to develop and use a range of mitigation tools that also aim to control population growth. Hunting is one of the well-known tools for population control; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of habitat type and weather conditions on jackal hunting success. From 2019 to 2023, a total of 217 jackals were culled during 106 hunting events in an approximately 10,500 ha lowland habitat along the Sava River in central Croatia. All jackals (56% males and 44% females) were culled using small calibre rifle (222 Remington) with night vision scope. Based on age structure, 16% juveniles and 84% adults were shot, and the average catch per unit effort (CPUE) was 2.0 animals/day. The best hunting success was obtained by attracting jackals with a calling method, i.e., by playing the sound of a wounded hare. Regarding the type of habitat, 56% of the culls were in cultivated, non-forested areas. It was confirmed that weather conditions, i.e., daily temperature and precipitation, influence hunting success, especially for males. Hunting success of adult males was lower on days with higher temperatures and on days with more precipitation. We can state that individual hunting with using calling method is an effective tool for successful golden jackals harvesting; moreover, jackal hunting can minimize the conflict with gamekeepers and farmers and would help to improve public perception of jackals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"19 S1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the baiting strategy for oral vaccine delivery to wild boar","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01771-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01771-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Abstract&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;p&gt;Baits are a means of orally delivering toxicants, medicaments, or chemical markers to wild boar and feral pigs (&lt;em&gt;Sus scrofa&lt;/em&gt;). We tested three bait types, the paraffin-feed-sugar-based IREC bait (green and colorant-free versions), a puffed leguminous bait with the same flavoring as the IREC bait (Flavor), and a plain puffed leguminous bait without flavoring (Plain). Baits were deployed in a fenced hunting estate with year-round feeding to assess bait type preference and study the effect of bait flavoring and coloring, pre-feeding, baiting device, and habituation on bait consumption and bait selectivity. Baits were deployed under heavy pavel stones, targeting adult wild boar, or in piglet-selective feeders. The main bait consumer was the wild boar (IREC 54%; Flavor 15%; Plain 16%) followed by azure-winged magpies (&lt;em&gt;Cyanopica cooki&lt;/em&gt;; IREC 11%; Flavor 8%; Plain 17%). The most consumed bait was IREC (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 164; 71%, mean 4.1 baits per site/day), followed by Flavor (102; 40%; 2.5) and Plain (70; 29%; 1.7). Pre-feeding increased bait consumption of all bait types (IREC 92%; Flavor 63%; Plain 40%). IREC baits were more consumed when deployed under stones (86%) than when deployed in piglet feeders (57%), while no difference between baiting devices was observed for Flavor and Plain baits. Birds preferred color-free baits (consumption ratio of 10% for color-free baits and 0% for green baits), while no other animal showed color preference. We suggest using green IREC-type baits, deployed after pre-baiting using species- and age-specific baiting devices.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Resumen&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;p&gt;Los cebos son un medio para administrar por vía oral tóxicos, medicamentos o marcadores a jabalíes y cerdos salvajes (&lt;em&gt;Sus scrofa&lt;/em&gt;). Probamos tres tipos de cebo, el cebo IREC a base de parafina y azúcar (versiones verdes y sin colorantes), un cebo de leguminosas infladas con el mismo sabor que el cebo IREC (Flavor) y el mismo cebo de leguminosas sin sabor (Plain). Los cebos se colocaron en una finca de caza cercada con alimentación durante todo el año para evaluar la preferencia del tipo de cebo y estudiar el efecto del sabor y color del cebo, el precebado, el dispositivo de cebo y la habituación sobre el consumo y la selectividad. Los cebos se colocaron debajo de piedras, dirigidos a jabalíes adultos, o en comederos selectivos para rayones. El principal consumidor fue el jabalí (IREC 54%; Sabor 15%; Sencillo 16%) seguido del rabilargo (&lt;em&gt;Cyanopica cooki&lt;/em&gt;; IREC 11%; Flavor 8%; Plain 17%). El cebo más consumido fue IREC (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 164; 71%, media 4,1 cebos por sitio/día), seguido de Flavor (102; 40%; 2,5) y Plain (70; 29%; 1,7). El precebado aumentó el consumo de todos los tipos de cebo (IREC 92%; Flavor 63%; Plain 40%). Los cebos IREC se consumieron más cuando se colocaron bajo piedras (86%) que cuando se dispusieron en comederos para rayones (57%), mientras que no se observaron diferencias entre dispositi","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Pumba still beloved? People’s perception on wild boar in Portugal","authors":"Ana M. Valente, Ana M. Figueiredo, Pelayo Acevedo, Raquel Martins, Carlos Fonseca, Rita T. Torres, Miguel Delibes-Mateos","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01769-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01769-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The human dimension of wildlife is increasingly addressed in socioecological studies on the growth of some wildlife populations in Europe, which frequently leads to conflicts, particularly when wild populations inhabit or reach humanized landscapes. In Europe, ungulates have been increasing in number and distribution, especially the wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>). This has been a cause of concern, given the increase in traffic accidents, diseases, and crop damage caused by the wild boar. These impacts could shape people’s perception regarding this species, but sociocultural factors can influence a favorable perception. This study examines people’s perception of the wild boar in Portugal, collecting responses from 1532 individuals, including farmers, hunters, and the general public. Three indexes were created to analyze perception: interest in wildlife, perception of benefits, and perception of damage associated with wild boar. Respondents had, in general, a positive perception of the wild boar. Farmers were more aware of wild boar increasing trends and had a higher damage perception and a lower perception of species benefits. This was expected, considering the increasing damages caused by wild boar to crops. Hunters showed an intermediate perception between the farmers and the general public that mainly highlighted the benefits. This study is valuable in providing data to orientate awareness-raising actions, as well as management strategies to tackle wild boar densities, such as hunting coupled with other methods. It is of the utmost importance the application of compensatory schemes, through the government, as an <i>end-of-line</i> measure. Future research should focus on adaptive management involving multidisciplinary teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation of body condition in feral horses at Tornquist Park, Southern Pampas, Argentina","authors":"Franco Bostal, Alberto Luis Scorolli, Sergio Martín Zalba","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01767-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01767-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring the body condition of feral horses is important for animal welfare considerations and to anticipate population densities that affect the ecosystem. Monthly adult body condition scores (BCS) were estimated in a population of feral horses in an Argentine grassland nature reserve in 2001 and 2002, when the population reached maximum historical density approaching estimated carrying capacity. Monthly mean BCS showed a seasonal pattern. Female BCS was higher throughout 2001 with respect to 2002, while males only showed this pattern between wet seasons. BCS was higher for males than for females throughout the study and also higher during the wet season for both sexes. Mean monthly BCS of males was correlated to precipitation of the previous month, which is known to determine grass productivity in the area. Lower BCS values for females can be explained by the additional energy expenditure associated with pregnancy and lactation. In many cases, continuous monitoring of body condition is not possible and then it is important to identify times of the year when it is a more sensitive indicator of the population’s proximity to carrying capacity. For the area, this would be during the peak of rainfall in autumn or the minimum of rainfall in winter. The estimates corresponding to females would be especially accurate considering their dependence to density and rainfall. The implementation of management measures guided by BCS could avoid reaching population levels close to carrying capacity, reducing the negative impacts on the environment and on the welfare of the horses themselves.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"142 47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139585981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density-dependent dinner: Wild boar overuse agricultural land at high densities","authors":"Evelina Augustsson, Hyeyoung Kim, Henrik Andrén, Lukas Graf, Petter Kjellander, Stefan Widgren, Johan Månsson, Jonas Malmsten, Henrik Thurfjell","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01766-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01766-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Swedish wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) population has increased rapidly over the last decades, resulting in conflicts with human activities. Particularly, the increase has been challenging for agriculture as wild boar cause damage on crops and grasslands. To predict under what conditions to expect damage and where to prioritize management actions, basic knowledge about wild boar habitat and space use is needed. In this study, we used data from 99 wild boar equipped with GPS-collars, collected over a large temporal scale and throughout their distributional range in southern Sweden. We investigated wild boar home range size and habitat use across gradients of habitat availability and population density. Functional response in habitat use was assessed by estimating the use and availability of agricultural land on individual level and then, on population-level evaluating how use changed with changing availability. Finally, a potential response in habitat use was evaluated in relation to population density, i.e., the interaction between availability and population density. Home range size was negatively related to population density for both male and female wild boar. Wild boar used agricultural land more intensively with increasing population density and when other habitat types were less available. Our findings show that wild boar spatial behavior is highly context dependent and may vary considerably due to landscape characteristics and local conditions. Wild boars tend to overuse agricultural land at high densities which has strong implications for wildlife management. It is therefore important to consider local conditions when predicting space and habitat use by wild boar. Overall, this study provided a better understanding of the drivers of wild boar distribution and space use in agro-forested mosaic landscapes and how this knowledge can improve management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and external drivers of European hare (Lepus europaeus) population dynamics in western Poland from 1960 to 2009","authors":"Jan Hušek, Marek Panek","doi":"10.1007/s10344-024-01765-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01765-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Decreases in the diversity of farmland communities reported at various scales and across taxonomic groups have fueled searches for ultimate reasons, primarily focusing on aspects of agricultural land use. However, the importance of individual external factors as drivers of population dynamics may vary across populations. We used density estimates of the European hare (<i>Lepus europaeus</i>) from a study site near Czempiń, western Poland, covering a time series of 50 years, to analyse long-term trends in overwinter survival. We employed an autoregressive population model to test associations between cereals yields (as a proxy for agricultural land use), fox predation, winter climate and hare density, and compared our results to those reported for a Danish population exposed to an oceanic climate and a Czech population exposed to a more continental climate. We found that at the Polish study site, hare density was negatively associated with fox density, but there were no associations with cereals yield or winter climate. Using generalized additive models, we found nonlinear trends in autumn and spring hare densities also showing a gradual increase in overwinter survival from the 1970s to 2009. We did not detect any decreased juvenile productivity over the study period. We conclude that survival during the breeding season was the most significant demographic trait driving hare dynamics. Our study provides evidence of strong spatial variability in the importance of individual extrinsic factors as drivers of hare population trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139482858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effectiveness of short-focal camera trapping, live trapping, and soil eDNA for surveying small mammals: A case study on Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens)","authors":"Joris J. F. Verhees, Towi A. W. van der Putten, Paul H. van Hoof, Dirk Heijkers, Pim Lemmers, Helen J. Esser, Willem F. de Boer","doi":"10.1007/s10344-023-01760-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01760-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small mammals are potential bio-indicators of various ecosystems and their populations are often studied. However, many small mammal species are difficult to detect due to their small size and elusive behaviour. Camera trapping and live trapping are commonly employed survey techniques, but they both have their limitations. Recently developed techniques such as adjusted short-focal camera trapping and environmental DNA (eDNA) are promising new approaches, but their relative performance remains poorly quantified. We compared the effectiveness of three survey protocols for detecting a semi-aquatic and elusive small mammal, the Eurasian water shrew (<i>Neomys fodiens</i>), by (1) short-focal camera trapping, (2) live trapping, and (3) soil eDNA. During September and October 2022, we surveyed 20 transects of each 100 m in length alongside the Kleine Dommel, a lowland brook in the Netherlands. The effectiveness of the three survey protocols was compared based on detection probabilities. Short-focal camera trapping yielded a significantly higher detection probability than the eDNA protocol. Detection probabilities between short-focal camera trapping and live trapping and, between the eDNA protocol and live trapping, were not significantly different. Short-focal camera trapping is an effective technique to survey Eurasian water shrews. Furthermore, this method detected additional species compared to live trapping and is non-invasive and less labour-intensive. Short-focal camera trapping showed a promising method for small mammal surveys in general and we recommend further evaluation of its applicability for other small mammal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canada’s role in global wildlife trade: Research trends and next steps","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10344-023-01763-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01763-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>North America holds a considerable share of global wildlife trade as both an importer and exporter of live animals and their parts. Wildlife trade is embedded in Canada’s history dating back to the early fur traders, evolving to include multiple commodities such as the contemporary fur industry and the thriving pet trade of today. Considering recent reports of animals legally and illegally imported into Canada and the potential threats of wildlife trade studied elsewhere, wildlife trade may pose risks to Canada’s natural heritage, biodiversity, biosecurity, and animal welfare. To delineate research needs pertaining to wildlife trade in Canada, we conducted a review of the existing literature. Our review included a systematic search of peer-reviewed scientific articles and grey literature to identify research gaps and opportunities. The analysis of 160 coded sources demonstrates that the existing literature on wildlife trade in Canada is limited, with only five journal articles focused specifically on trade in the Canadian context. Most research with a focus on wildlife trade was international in scope but identified Canada as an import or export country with connections to both legal and illegal trade. Although articles on luxury products and pet trades were the most frequently cited, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of Canada’s role, particularly in the trade of live animals for pets. Our review underscores the need to enhance academic knowledge and policy tools to effectively identify and address trade issues concerning Canadian and non-native wildlife. Implementing a robust monitoring system in Canada is critical to achieving successful oversight, characterisation, and control of wildlife trade in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51044,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139423339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}