Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in closed educational centers in France","authors":"Guillaume Bronsard ,&nbsp;Pierre-Antoine Leroux ,&nbsp;Issaga Diallo ,&nbsp;Jules Eleuterio ,&nbsp;Alban Le Bihan ,&nbsp;Laurent Boyer ,&nbsp;Nathalie Lavenne-Collot","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Closed educational centres (CEC) receive young offenders who most often have a conduct disorder (CD). Mental disorders other than conduct disorder are a negative factor in the effect of educational actions. Moreover, adverse life experiences are frequent vulnerability factors in this population. This article aims to document the prevalence and links between psychiatric disorders, exposure to trauma, and the psycho-behavioural characteristics of adolescents placed in CEC.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a multicentre epidemiological study on a sample of 101 adolescents placed in nine closed educational centres in France. Psychiatric disorders were measured by the MINI-KID 2 and Conners Rating Scale questionnaires. Several questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and the psychological profile of each adolescent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the adolescents, 90.2% had at least one mental disorder with a predominance of conduct disorder (80%). Comorbidity was also frequently found: among the subjects with conduct disorder, 37% had at least one other psychiatric disorder. Interestingly, the intensity of conduct disorder and the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) score were significantly correlated. Furthermore, two subgroups were identified: adolescents with isolated conduct disorder (44.6%) and adolescents with other psychiatric disorders (45.7%) with or without conduct disorder. The latter subgroup showed higher vulnerability and poorer outcomes in terms of attachment patterns, feelings of abandonment, hostility and impulsivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study is the first French epidemiological study of mental disorders in juvenile offenders. It suggests that the detection of psychiatric disorders in young people in CEC is an important prerequisite for the implementation of targeted interventions according to different profiles. Furthermore, collaboration between the medical-psychological and judicial fields, in the form of an operational partnership, is necessary to guarantee better support for these young people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to achieving employment in mainstream settings in adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual developmental disorders: A scoping review","authors":"Sylvie Holc ,&nbsp;Alexandre Yailian ,&nbsp;Eric Pernon ,&nbsp;Amaria Baghdadli","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autistic people without Intellectual Developmental Disorders (IDD) have a significantly lower employment rate compared to the general population even though employment favors social integration and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To examine the barriers and facilitators to employability in mainstream settings for autistic adults without intellectual disability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following the scoping review guidelines, we searched the Cochrane, PubMed and PsycINFO databases for references published between 01/01/2000 to 01/08/2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A review of the 44 identified articles suggests the existence of multiple individual and environmental factors influencing job access and retention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first review to assess the facilitators and barriers to employment support for autistic people without intellectual disability. The results underline the need for studying strategies to promote access to employment and job retention for autistic people. Future research should explore the mediating and moderating factors leading to the improvement of employability of autistic people WIDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enjeux éthiques de la pratique infirmière en psychiatrie","authors":"Doris El-Choueifaty ,&nbsp;Enrique Ledesma ,&nbsp;Rima Sassine-Kazan","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethics issues relative to nursing practice in psychiatry raise consistent questioning, requiring a decision-making process based on ethical foundations. The questions relating to the patient's information, his informed consent to care and the deprivation of his liberty will be detailed in the context of the caregiver-patient relationship, which must be therapeutic but above all symmetrical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages S39-S41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La bioéthique au Maroc à travers un exemple de la recherche sur la schizophrénie et l’historique du Comité d’éthique de recherche biomédicale de Casablanca","authors":"Farid Hakkou ,&nbsp;Driss Moussaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ethics committee for biomedical research of Casablanca (CERBC) was born within the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) in Morocco in 1989, following the impetus of some teachers who were aware, from their specialties and their concerns, to the protection of people who took part in clinical trials. From the start, the committee faced difficulties in giving itself regulatory legitimacy. Subsequently, it was necessary to make a major educational and communication effort with the medical staff in order to explain the notions of ethics and bioethics, which were unknown at the time to most of the doctors at the University Hospital. However, general medical ethics teaching has been provided to medical students at the Casablanca faculty since 1979. Thirty-five years after its creation, the sustainability of the CERBC is only due to the perseverance of its members and their activism with all authorities that directly or indirectly affect biomedical research in Morocco.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages S13-S16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corolaires en neuro-imagerie des effets des psychédéliques classiques : une revue systématique de la littérature","authors":"Doriane Dost ,&nbsp;Amine Benyamina ,&nbsp;Laurent Karila","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current scientific literature supports classical psychedelic efficacy in many psychiatric disorders. However, less attention has been given to the neurological effects of these substances. The aim of this medical thesis was to conduct a systematic review examining the neuroimaging correlates of the effects of psychedelics.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We performed an electronic research through Medline and Science Direct databases. A comprehensive search yielded 460 articles published up to May 2022. After a cautious screening process, we selected 49 scientific papers for further analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Major findings included reduced functional network integration, increased between-network functional connectivity, and expansion of functional connectivity patterns repertoire under psychedelics. Thalamic gating and emotional processing were also impaired. These results positively correlated with symptom improvement in pathological populations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To this day, our knowledge concerning psychedelic effects remains partial. Several neurocognitive theories have been developed in recent years to model psychedelic phenomenology, but no unifying theory has emerged. Studies involving larger populations investigating various psychiatric disorders, including several neuroimaging modalities and considering medium- and long-term effects, would be necessary to deepen current knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 74-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its relevance to French mental health system","authors":"Calina Ouliaris ,&nbsp;Neeraj Gill ,&nbsp;Cecile Hanon ,&nbsp;Norman Sartorius","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is a landmark international treaty which embeds the human rights of people with disabilities, including mental disabilities, into international law. We aim to demonstrate the relevance of the CRPD for the protection of human rights of people with mental illness in France. We begin with a broad overview of its development and implementation at the level of the international community, and then describe the situation in France.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ratification of the CRPD by France in 2010 reflected the increasing recognition of human rights of people with disabilities. To date, the CRPD has inspired several initiatives in the field of mental health in France. As it is at the international level, in France, there remains significant room for advancement; particularly concerning the promotion and protection of economic, social and cultural rights, in addition to that of civil and political rights. Full realization of the principles of the CRPD requires input from all sectors of government and the whole of the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages S2-S7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors of early-onset schizophrenia in children with self-injurious suicide behavior","authors":"Ma Yinzhu,&nbsp;Li Yan,&nbsp;Jiang Wenqing,&nbsp;Du Yasong","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To understand the clinical characteristics and risk factors of early-onset schizophrenia in children with self-injurious suicide behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From March 2021 to December 2021, the clinical information of 77 inpatients with demography characteristics, family characteristics, and diseases which met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for “schizophrenia” in the pediatric wards of Shanghai Mental Health Center was retrospectively collected. According to whether or not there was self-injurious suicide behavior, they were divided into the self-harm and suicidal behavior group (self-harm and suicidal behavior - S) and the non-self-injurious suicide group (NS); inter-group comparison and regression analysis was performed between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>There were 51 cases (66.2%) of early-onset childhood schizophrenia patients with self-injurious suicidal behavior, verbal auditory hallucinations (94.12%) and delusion of reference (92.16%) being the main psychological symptoms. Compared with early-onset schizophrenia patients without self-injurious suicidal behavior, early-onset schizophrenia patients with self-injurious suicidal behavior had a higher incidence of delusion of reference (t<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.184, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.002) and command auditory hallucinations (t<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.256, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.027). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire showed that the score of neuroticism was higher (F<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4.139, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001); the level of free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) was lower (t<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->–4.436, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001); and logistic regression analysis showed that gender (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.036, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->14.863), FT4 (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.011, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.607) and neuroticism score (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.035, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.073) were related to the occurrence of self-injurious suicide in children with early-onset schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early-onset schizophrenia patients with self-injurious and suicidal behavior have typical psychiatric symptoms, accompanied by some characteristics associated with emotional instability. Females with low levels of FT4 and neuroticism have risk factors for suicide with self-injury in early-onset schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Questions de santé mentale et de libertés au croisement des dilemmes soignants remontés aux espaces de réflexion éthique régionaux","authors":"Cyril Hazif-Thomas ,&nbsp;Cindy Donnart ,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Tristchler-Le Maître","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The action of the Regional Ethical Reflection Spaces does not only concern the field of contemporary bioethics but also affects many issues concerning mental health that we may have to face in clinical practice and teamwork. To keep trying to identify the conflicts of values in ethical issues is an absolute necessity, which implies that we support a “living together” relying on a “thinking together” for both the sake of each of us and for the sake of all of us. Our duty is then to resist collectively to prevent any possible deleterious excesses on both human and therapeutic points of view. Moreover, to focus on the principle of proportionality in complex medical decisions in the field of mental health requires at the same time a balance between the protection, the safety and the respect of the fundamental freedoms and a balance between the public interest and the individual needs. Such arbitration demands a strong focus on the ethical reflection so as to avoid decisions simply oriented towards the health dimension and recorded without any consideration for the health democracy. The referrals of the ethical support cells in Brittany and everywhere in France bring to light the challenges we met on the field. In particular those aroused during the COVID crisis concerning the institutional decisions, to take care of the mental health of patients at the end of their life or when facing treatment of resistant diseases. These situations raise some critical issues about the respect for the dignity and the humanity of the people we take care of. It thus seems necessary to respect an ethical code of human understanding, with poise and right balance, relying on a collegiate discussion. Besides, receiving end of life care will today requires the development of a palliative psychiatry in France, which becomes a priority. This could enable us to lead to fairer and equitable care, respectful of the individual freedoms, and a care better adapted to the specific needs of the patients in great psychological suffering. Especially in places where vulnerability is at stake, such as the retirement homes, to maintain a better articulation between the principles of beneficence and of nonmaleficence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages S23-S32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le pont aux ânes de l’autonomie du patient en psychiatrie","authors":"Laurent Ravez","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In bioethics, patient autonomy is often considered a fundamental principle, even more important than beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Inspired by liberal philosophies (such as J.S. Mill) and the morality of duty (especially Kant), this principle recognizes human dignity and the right of each individual to make free decisions about their health. In practice, this means that health professionals are obliged to provide patients with clear information and obtain their informed consent, while respecting professional confidentiality. In psychiatry, however, this principle is particularly challenging. Mental disorders can affect patients’ capacity to make decisions, thereby compromising their autonomy. Delicate situations arise when a psychotic or severely depressed patient refuses necessary care. Carers then face an ethical dilemma: should they impose treatment ‘for the good’ of the patient, at the risk of adopting a paternalistic approach that is now frowned upon? This dilemma reveals a tension between individual autonomy and the reality of human vulnerability. Some ethicists propose a more relational approach to autonomy, in which the patient's choices are supported by those around him and by carers, creating a framework in which autonomy is exercised in interdependence. From this perspective, helping patients does not negate their autonomy, but rather supports it. Finally, in psychiatry, respect for autonomy must be nuanced, allowing in some cases the use of restricted care to protect the fundamental interests of the patient and those around him or her.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages S8-S12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"French Society for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) guidelines for the management of patients with partially responsive depression and treatment-resistant depression: Update 2024","authors":"Antoine Yrondi ,&nbsp;Hervé Javelot ,&nbsp;Bénédicte Nobile ,&nbsp;Ludivine Boudieu ,&nbsp;Bruno Aouizerate ,&nbsp;Pierre-Michel Llorca ,&nbsp;Thomas Charpeaud ,&nbsp;Djamila Bennabi ,&nbsp;Antoine Lefrere ,&nbsp;Ludovic Samalin","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The purpose of this update is to add newly approved nomenclatures and treatments as well as treatments yet to be approved in major depressive disorder, thus expanding the discussions on the integration of resistance factors into the clinical approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Unlike the first consensus guidelines based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) developed an update of these guidelines for the management of partially responsive depression (PRD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The expert guidelines combine scientific evidence and expert clinicians’ opinions to produce recommendations for PRD and TRD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The recommendations addressed three areas judged as essential for updating the previous 2019 AFPBN guidelines for the management of patients with TRD: (1) the identification of risk factors associated with TRD, (2) the therapeutic management of patients with PRD and TRD, and (3) the indications, the modalities of use and the monitoring of recent glutamate receptor modulating agents (esketamine and ketamine).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These consensus-based guidelines make it possible to build bridges between the available empirical literature and clinical practice, with a highlight on the ‘real world’ of the clinical practice, supported by a pragmatic approach centred on the experience of specialised prescribers in TRD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 26-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}