Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique最新文献

{"title":"French validation of the short version of the ASA questionnaire: An exploration of the socio-technical imaginaries and cosmology of Socially Interactive Agent evaluation.","authors":"Vincent P Martin, Charlotte Menard, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi, Jacopo Bodini, Adélaïde de Lastic, Rocio Berenguer, Stéphane Mouchabac, Fabien Boucaud, Catherine Pelachaud, Florian Pécune, Gemma Serrano","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Socially Interactive Agents (SIAs) in mental health are of great promise for psychiatry, but currently lack validated instruments to evaluate both technological acceptance and clinical alliance. In the Human-Computer Interface (HCI) community, SIAs are broadly evaluated using the Artificial Social Agent Questionnaire (ASAQ), to evaluate how users perceive and interact with SIAs. Despite its importance in the SIA community, this questionnaire is unknown in psychiatry and has never been validated in French. Furthermore, doubts remain about the constructs measured by it.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our objective is threefold: (i) validate the short version of ASAQ in French (24 items); (ii) analyse through Exploratory Graphical Analysis (EGA) the underlying dimensions of the short ASAQ; (iii) discuss an interdisciplinary conceptual analysis of the socio-technical imaginaries and cosmology (the way to inhabit the world) promoted by the SIA community.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>After a rigorous translation process, we recruited 203 French-speaking participants to evaluate 14 videos of SIA/human interactions using the ASAQ. We validated the short ASAQ using both usual psychometric methods and EGA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The French version of the short ASAQ had satisfactory psychometrics properties. The EGA revealed three underlying dimensions, expertly named 'instrumental' (items related to technological acceptance of the SIAs), 'affective' (items related to affective aspects of the interaction with SIAs) and 'relational' (items related to relational aspects of the interaction with SIAs).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The interdisciplinary conceptual analysis identified the tension between instrumental and the relational dimensions - mediated by the affective one - as part of a naturalistic cosmology that traditionally contrasts nature and culture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study contributes to bridging the gap between the evaluation frameworks of HCI and the clinical frameworks of psychiatry, toward a more integrated understanding of digital relationality. Recognizing and interrogating the underlying socio-technical imaginaries and cosmology beyond the ASAQ is essential for any future adaptation of the ASAQ within mental health contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in psychiatry: Conditions for a successful clinical innovation.","authors":"Stephane Mouchabac, Alexis Bourla, Olivier Bonnot, John Torous","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of artificial intelligence in psychiatry: A script-based and network analysis study among French psychiatrists.","authors":"Stéphane Mouchabac, Vincent P Martin, Yannis Constantinidès, Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy, Ludovic Samalin, John Torous, Alexis Bourla, Olivier Bonnot","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into psychiatric practice, raising not only technical but also epistemological and ethical questions. Beyond performance, the acceptability of AI remains a critical condition for its implementation, particularly in a field deeply rooted in subjectivity and clinical judgment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the acceptability of AI-based tools in psychiatry using a scenario-based approach, and to explore the structural relationships between its key dimensions (utility, usability, reliability, risk, and professional alignment) through network analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Script Method, presenting three clinical vignettes reflecting successive stages of care: diagnostic support, AI-assisted therapeutic guidance, and digital monitoring via wearable devices. A total of 1533 participants were recruited, of whom 727 were included in the final analysis. Acceptability was assessed using Likert-scale items derived from UTAUT models and a pragmatic/social acceptability framework. Psychometric validation included internal consistency analyses and Unique Variable Analysis. Network analysis and Exploratory Graphical Analysis were performed to identify structural patterns of acceptability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acceptability emerged as a multidimensional construct structured around four communities: (1) reliability and ease of use, (2) usefulness and professional acceptability, (3) risks related to professional culture, and (4) practical risks and implementation. The most central node was related to the preservation of the clinician's role in decision-making, highlighting the centrality of professional identity. Risk perception was globally low, with ceiling effects on several items. Digital literacy and theoretical orientation significantly influenced acceptability, with structural differences observed in network connectivity. Gender differences were particularly marked in the digital monitoring scenario.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The acceptability of AI in psychiatry depends less on technical performance than on its alignment with professional values and clinical reasoning. AI is more readily accepted as a support to clinical judgment than as an autonomous system. These findings suggest that the successful integration of AI will require the development of epistemically compatible systems that preserve clinician autonomy and the therapeutic relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the CCQ-Brief in Moroccan Arabic: A psychometric study.","authors":"Brahim El Kinany, Meryem El Mghari, Salma Alaoui Balghiti, Noussissy Sandokane Hounnoukon, Assia Boukniter, Ajebli Mohammed, Amal Ouraghene, Ferdaouss Qassimi, Amine Bout, Chadya Aarab, Samira El Fakir, Rachid Aalouane","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.06.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Craving is a fundamental clinical dimension of cocaine use disorders and plays a major role in the maintenance of dependence and the occurrence of relapse. Despite its clinical relevance, no validated instrument was available in Moroccan Arabic specifically designed to assess cocaine craving. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire - Brief (CCQ-Brief) in Moroccan Arabic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The scale was translated using the round-trip translation procedure, followed by expert review and preliminary testing. Psychometric properties were reviewed in a cross-sectional study including patients with cocaine use disorder. Acceptability, internal consistency, convergent validity, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability were assessed. Convergent validity was examined using the craving intensity subscale of the Voris Cocaine Craving Scale (VCCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty participants were included. The scale showed high acceptability, with no missing data and a short response time. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α=0.87). A strong correlation with the VCCS-Craving intensity (r=0.968) confirmed convergent validity. Reproducibility indices were excellent, with an inter-rater ICC of 0.98 and a test-retest ICC of 0.95. Limited floor and ceiling effects were observed for some items.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Moroccan Arabic version of the CCQ-Brief shows good psychometric properties, making it a reliable, simple, and culturally appropriate tool for assessing cocaine craving in clinical practice and academic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tailoring care to the mind: The emerging role of artificial intelligence in precision psychiatry. Part II: Validating, regulating and integrating artificial intelligence into care].","authors":"Sandy Bergonzo, Stéphane Mouchabac, Yann Auxéméry, Andrii Kulakovskyi, Engin Altunlu, Marion Leboyer, Olivier Bonnot, Alexis Bourla, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Solène Frileux","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Precision psychiatry seeks to tailor care to the clinical, biological, cognitive, behavioral, and contextual characteristics of each patient. Artificial intelligence may help achieve this goal by combining multimodal data, identifying complex patterns, following individual trajectories, and refining prognostic or therapeutic stratification. Yet strong statistical performance does not automatically translate into meaningful clinical benefit. This second part of Tailoring Care to the Mind: The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Psychiatry explores the conditions required for an algorithm to become a reliable, acceptable, equitable, and responsible clinical innovation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a narrative and conceptual review organized around three main questions. First, how should predictive models be evaluated from a clinical perspective? Second, under what conditions can they be integrated into routine psychiatric care? Third, what ethical, regulatory, and relational issues arise when these tools are used in practice? Particular attention was given to discrimination, calibration, decision usefulness, external validation, bias, acceptability, interpretability, responsibility, and human oversight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Statistical performance alone is not enough to establish the clinical value of a model. A useful system must not only distinguish between patients with different outcomes, but also provide risk estimates that match what is actually observed in practice. It should demonstrate added value compared with clinical judgment, existing scores, or standard care, while taking into account the consequences of false-positive and false-negative predictions. External validation is essential because a model that performs well in one population or center may be less reliable elsewhere. Performance must also be examined across clinically relevant subgroups to identify unequal or potentially discriminatory effects. Once deployed, models require ongoing monitoring, as changes in populations, data collection, or clinical practice may lead to model drift and loss of calibration. Their integration into care also depends on practical factors: the information provided must be understandable, timely, useful, and compatible with clinical workflows. Acceptability among clinicians and patients is shaped by perceived usefulness, reliability, transparency, preservation of professional roles, maintenance of human contact, and confidence in the protection of sensitive psychiatric data. Ethical legitimacy further requires clear rules for data access, secondary use, accountability, and the possibility of questioning or overriding an algorithmic recommendation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Artificial intelligence should be seen neither as a replacement for the psychiatrist nor as a neutral technical device. It becomes a third component within the clinical relationship","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the use of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the cannabinoid vaping in French student vapers: An exploratory mixed-methods study.","authors":"Shérazade Kinouani, Maximilien Simon, Christophe Tzourio","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.06.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is little data on vaping non-nicotine substances (NNS vaping) among young adults, its relationship with other methods of consuming cannabinoids, or how this practice is perceived in France. Our research aimed to: (i) measure the association between Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use in the past 12 months and NNS vaping; (ii) describe THC and cannabidiol (CBD) vaping; and (iii) explore reasons for, and barriers to, THC and CBD vaping.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We led explanatory sequential research in a French university, combining data from a cross-sectional sub-study among current vapers and a qualitative sub-study among daily vapers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 206 student vapers of the quantitative sub-study (median age: 21, men: 60.5%), 11 of whom reported NNS vaping with a predominance of THC or CBD vaping. After adjustment, no significant association was found between THC use in the past 12 months and NNS vaping (aOR=2.29, 95% CI: 0.23-22.37). The qualitative sub-study had 30 participants (median age: 21.5, men: 57%). They did not regularly vape cannabinoids and were largely unaware of this practice. Some intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing cannabinoid vaping were identified as either facilitators or barriers to the practice. Cannabinoid vaping was perceived as appealing primarily among heavy THC consumers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this exploratory study the cannabinoid vaping was uncommon among student vapers and had not become the norm. Further research is necessary to understand cannabinoid vaping practices, particularly in the event of changes to French THC and CBD regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual daytime sleepiness in depression: The blob framework.","authors":"Pierre Alexis Geoffroy, Julia Maruani, Clélia Quiles, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud Franchi","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tailoring care to the mind: The emerging role of artificial intelligence in precision psychiatry. Part I: Understanding, measuring and modelling clinical singularity].","authors":"Solène Frileux, Andrii Kulakovskyi, Engin Altunlu, Sandy Bergonzo, Yann Auxéméry, Marion Leboyer, Olivier Bonnot, Stéphane Mouchabac, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Alexis Bourla","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Precision psychiatry seeks to narrow the gap between knowledge generated at the group level and decisions made for an individual patient. This ambition responds to the limitations of current diagnostic categories, which bring together patients with markedly different clinical, biological, cognitive, and longitudinal profiles. Artificial intelligence may support this shift by combining multiple sources of data, identifying complex patterns, and tracking individual trajectories over time. This first part of the article, Tailoring Care to the Mind: The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Psychiatry, clarifies what artificial intelligence means in psychiatry, the types of data on which it relies, and how it may reshape clinical reasoning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A narrative and conceptual review was conducted around three main themes: the major learning paradigms used in artificial intelligence and their epistemological limitations; the different sources of data that may contribute to precision psychiatry; and the potential transformation of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic reasoning. The analysis considers clinical data, electronic health records, free-text clinical notes, digital and behavioral data, genomiques and other multi-omiques approaches, neuroimaging, and electrophysiology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Artificial intelligence can identify complex relationships within data that are not always specified in advance. Depending on the method used, it may predict clinical outcomes, uncover latent subgroups, extract relevant features from raw data, exploit unlabeled information, or optimize sequences of therapeutic decisions. Supervised learning is mainly used for prediction, whereas unsupervised learning may reveal previously unrecognized patient profiles. Deep and self-supervised learning can derive representations from imaging, physiological signals, or unstructured text, while reinforcement learning may support adaptive treatment strategies. Transfer learning and federated learning may help address limited sample sizes and fragmented multisite data. However, these possibilities remain highly dependent on data quality, representativeness, interoperability, and longitudinal completeness. Moreover, most models identify statistical associations without, by themselves, establishing causal relationships. No single data source appears sufficient. Clinical, biological, neurophysiological, imaging, and digital information provide complementary perspectives on the patient. Their multimodal integration therefore represents both the major promise and one of the central challenges of the field. Artificial intelligence may help psychiatry move beyond a static clinical snapshot toward a more dynamic understanding of trajectories, facilitate the identification of transdiagnostic biotypes, and support therapeutic decisions that are repeatedly updated as new information becomes a","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a new psychiatric ontology in the era of artificial intelligence.","authors":"Stéphane Mouchabac, Sandy Bergonzo, Hugo Bottemanne, Xavier Briffault, Olivier Bonnot, Alexis Bourla, John Torous, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Psychiatric classifications remain indispensable clinical tools, yet they do not define mental disorders as natural entities with stable boundaries. This article examines whether artificial intelligence may simply refine existing nosologies or contribute to the emergence of a new psychiatric ontology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a conceptual and integrative analysis combining philosophical ontology, principles of computational ontology engineering, and recent literature on artificial intelligence, digital phenotyping, knowledge representation and psychiatric classification. The aim was not to test an empirical hypothesis but to clarify the epistemic conditions under which psychiatric categories may be constructed, revised and legitimised in the era of computational models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Artificial intelligence may act as an ontological engine by detecting latent regularities across heterogeneous data sources, including clinical descriptions, questionnaires, digital traces, language, biomarkers, neuroimaging and environmental exposures. These outputs may generate candidate concepts, such as transdiagnostic dimensions, longitudinal trajectories or hybrid clinical entities. However, statistical clusters cannot be considered ontological categories unless they meet conditions of reproducibility, clinical validity, interpretability, professional acceptability and patient meaningfulness. Conversely, explicit ontologies are necessary to make artificial intelligence systems more transparent, interoperable and clinically intelligible.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The emergence of artificial intelligence-assisted ontology in psychiatry carries major risks: confusion between correlation and clinical entity, illusion of objectivity, algorithmic opacity, digital ossification of provisional categories, neglect of subjectivity, and political or cultural capture of knowledge infrastructures. A psychiatric ontology should therefore remain dynamic, temporal, relational and pluralistic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Artificial intelligence does not reveal the essence of mental disorders. Rather, it offers provisional maps that can reorganise clinical reasoning and research. Its contribution will be clinically and ethically valuable only if embedded within human validation loops, participatory governance, open standards and continuous revision.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social anxiety disorder and sexual dysfunctions: A systematic review of a bidirectional relationship.","authors":"Luc Pailloux, Vincent Achour, Mélanie Faugere, Pierre Verney, Christophe Lançon, Théo Korchia","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2026.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2026.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While recent studies have highlighted sexual dysfunctions as a common comorbidity of several psychiatric disorders very few have focused on social anxiety disorder. However, its shared impact with sexual dysfunctions on interpersonal relationships and self-esteem suggested a potential bidirectional relationship worth investigating.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide an overview of the available literature on the relationship between social anxiety disorder and sexual dysfunctions, particularly by exploring the frequency and nature of sexual dysfunctions in patients with social anxiety disorder, and the prevalence of social anxiety disorder in sexual dysfunctions populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted the first systematic review (according to PRISMA guidelines) to explore this association. Using three databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Science Direct), we included studies reporting quantitative outcomes of sexual dysfunctions among participants with social anxiety disorder or quantitative outcomes of social anxiety among participants with sexual dysfunctions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies reported data on sexual dysfunctions among 241 subjects with social anxiety disorder, with overall prevalence rates ranging from 33.3% to 36.3%. Premature ejaculation emerged as the most frequently reported condition in men, with prevalence ranging from 33% to 47.4%. Among women, genito-pelvic pain disorders were the most prevalent, with rates reaching up to 42%. Nine studies reported data on social anxiety among 1807 subjects with sexual dysfunctions. Social anxiety disorder prevalence was highest among individuals with PE (9.7-47%), followed by vaginismus (9-9.7%) and dyspareunia (12.5%). Comorbidities and psychosocial factors, such as depression and a history of childhood abuse, appeared to contribute to these associations, although further research is needed to clarify their role. Results for other sexual dysfunctions were mixed, not allowing conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review in a neglected area suggests a potential association between social anxiety disorder and specific sexual dysfunctions, particularly premature ejaculation and genito-pelvic pain disorders. These preliminary findings call for routine bidirectional screening, integration of sexual health into psychiatric care, combined therapeutic approaches, and adapted pharmacological strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}