Ecography最新文献

{"title":"Changes in abundance and distribution of European forest bird populations depend on biome, ecological specialisation and traits","authors":"Jérémy Cours, Merja Elo, Joséphine Pithon, María Triviño, Mikko Mönkkönen, Jonas Hagge, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Rémi Duflot","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07582","url":null,"abstract":"Forest bird abundance in Europe has remained stable overall, unlike farmland species which have declined dramatically in recent decades. However, this apparent stability may hide large variations among species and geographical regions. We aimed to determine if forest bird species with varying life histories and biome distributions show different population trends. We used functional traits and specialisation indices to study changes in abundance and distribution of European forest bird populations. For each species, we used European-level estimates of total abundance change over the last 40 years and changes in two components of spatial distribution: range change (i.e. area shrinkage or expansion) and distribution shift (i.e. latitudinal adjustments), both over the last 30 years. We also considered specialist groups of different biomes (i.e. boreal, temperate, Mediterranean and biome generalists) separately. We showed that boreal forest species have declined in abundance and range area, while Mediterranean and temperate species have increased in abundance and range, possibly as the result of warmer temperatures and forest expansion in these regions. The decline of boreal forest species may result from changes in forest structure and composition due to forestry practices, increasing temperatures and colonisation by warm-dwelling species. Among boreal species, mixed forest specialists (i.e. those preferring a mix of broadleaf and coniferous trees) declined the most in abundance and range and shifted northwards. In contrast, for vertebrate carnivores (i.e. birds of prey), we observed an increase in abundance among Mediterranean species and a southward expansion among all species. Our findings suggest that forest bird species in Europe may be influenced by the combined effects of land use and climate change, with these impacts varying across biomes. Our results highlight the need for maintaining and restoring key forest habitats (e.g. through increased protected areas and extensive management) and halting or limiting climate change, especially for boreal species.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species that dominate spatial turnover can be of (almost) any abundance","authors":"David C. Deane, Cang Hui, Melodie McGeoch","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07733","url":null,"abstract":"An ongoing quest in ecology is understanding how species commonness influences compositional change. While each species' contribution to beta diversity (SCBD) depends both on its abundance and how widespread it is (e.g. occupancy) a general expectation for these influences is lacking. Using published data for 9924 species across 177 metacommunities, we modelled relative SCBD as a function of abundance and occupancy using both correlative and mechanistic regression models (the latter derived from population demographic theory). Although the correlative model provided a superior fit to the data, both results suggest it is species with infrequent combinations of abundance and occupancy (high abundance and mid-high occupancy) that make the dominant contribution to beta diversity. The nature of their interaction is most apparent when depicted in abundance–occupancy sample space, which shows the probability of making a dominant contribution to beta diversity is a concave-up function of abundance. Species found in an intermediate number of sites (0.56) required the smallest share of total abundance (0.05) to make a top-decile contribution. Simulations varying evenness of abundance and conspecific spatial patterns support the main findings and show that it is variations in the strength of aggregation that predominantly result in the observed relationship between the abundance and occupancy of a species and its contribution to beta diversity. The abundance–occupancy sample space illustrates how empirical abundance-SCBD relationships can be linear or unimodal and provides a general framework to understand global change processes. To preserve compositional turnover, species of infrequent abundance and occupancy should be prioritized.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of species' centrality in spatially-connected plant-frugivore networks","authors":"Lucas P. Martins, Daniel B. Stouffer, Carine Emer, Mauro Galetti, Marco Aurélio Pizo, Fernanda Ribeiro da Silva, Jason M. Tylianakis","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07725","url":null,"abstract":"Species' characteristics, such as their capacity to disperse great distances or to interact with many partners, may determine their ability to propagate impacts within and across communities. These spatial and interaction-related processes may have synergistic or opposing influences on a species' ability to connect with others, but typical analyses of ecological networks may not be able to disentangle these effects. Here, we explored how the way in which a plant–frugivore metanetwork is described influences our perception of the species that can most impact others via direct and indirect effects. Specifically, we tested whether the ranking of bird species' centrality and its relationship with species' characteristics depend on whether spatial distance and dispersal constraints are depicted in the metanetwork. To do this, we described a metanetwork comprising 29 local frugivory networks from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado subrealm of Brazil using a gradient of spatial information, from simply aggregating interaction data across sites to using multilayer networks that connect populations from spatially-separated communities according to their spatial distance and species' dispersal capacities. We found that rankings of bird species' centrality were, on average, not strongly influenced by incorporating spatial and dispersal effects (versus aggregating interaction data across sites), though the centrality of individual species changed considerably in some cases. Three species-level characteristics, degree of frugivory (which is associated with interaction generalism), area of habitat (which is associated with the number of local networks in which a bird species occurs) and body mass predicted bird species' centrality consistently across the different approaches used to generate the metanetwork. Our findings indicate that key characteristics associated with spatial and interaction-related processes can determine the central role of species in spatially-connected interaction networks, irrespective of whether spatial and dispersal constraints are explicitly incorporated in the metanetwork.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting earthworm diversity in tropical rainforests","authors":"Arnaud Goulpeau, Mickaël Hedde, Pierre Ganault, Emmanuel Lapied, Marie-Eugénie Maggia, Eric Marcon, Thibaud Decaëns","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07697","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical rainforests are among the most emblematic ecosystems in terms of biodiversity. However, our understanding of the structure of tropical biodiversity is still incomplete, particularly for certain groups of soil organisms such as earthworms, whose importance for ecosystem functioning is widely recognised. This study aims at determining the relative contribution of alpha and beta components to earthworm regional diversity at a hierarchy of nested spatial scales in natural ecosystems of French Guiana. For this, we performed a hierarchical diversity partitioning of a large dataset on earthworm communities, in which DNA barcode-based operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were used as species surrogates. Observed regional diversity comprised 256 OTUs. We found that alpha diversity was lower than predicted by chance, regardless of the scale considered. Community-scale alpha diversity was on average 7 OTUs. Beta diversity among remote landscapes was higher than expected by chance, explaining as much as 87% of regional diversity. This points to regional mechanisms as the main driver of species diversity distribution in this group of organisms with low dispersal capacity. At more local scales, multiplicative beta diversity was higher than expected by chance between habitats, while it was lower than expected by chance between communities in the same habitat. This highlights the local effect of environmental filters on the species composition of communities. The calculation of a Chao 2 index predicts that as many as 1700 species could be present in French Guiana, which represents a spectacular increase compared with available checklists, and calls into question the commonly accepted estimates of global number of earthworm species.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SDM meets eDNA: optimal sampling of environmental DNA to estimate species–environment relationships in stream networks","authors":"Timothy D. Lambert, Stephen P. Ellner","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07644","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution models (SDMs) are frequently data-limited. In aquatic habitats, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling methods can be quicker and more cost-efficient than traditional count and capture surveys, but their utility for fitting SDMs is complicated by dilution, transport, and loss processes that modulate DNA concentrations and mix eDNA from different locations. Past models for estimating organism densities from measured species-specific eDNA concentrations have accounted for how these processes affect expected concentrations. We built off this previous work to construct a linear hierarchical model that also accounts for how they give rise to spatially correlated concentration errors. We applied our model to 60 simulated stream networks and three types of species niches in order to answer two questions: 1) what is the D-optimal sampling design, i.e. where should eDNA samples be positioned to most precisely estimate species–environment relationships? and 2) How does parameter estimation accuracy depend on the stream network's topological and hydrologic properties? We found that correcting for eDNA dynamics was necessary to obtain consistent parameter estimates, and that relative to a heuristic benchmark design, optimizing sampling locations improved design efficiency by an average of 41.5%. Samples in the D-optimal design tended to be positioned near downstream ends of stream reaches high in the watershed, where eDNA concentration was high and mostly from homogeneous source areas, and they collectively spanned the full ranges of covariates. When measurement error was large, it was often optimal to collect replicate samples from high-information reaches. eDNA-based estimates of species–environment regression parameters were most precise in stream networks that had many reaches, large geographic size, slow flows, and/or high eDNA loss rates. Our study demonstrates the importance and viability of accounting for eDNA dilution, transport, and loss in order to optimize sampling designs and improve the accuracy of eDNA-based species distribution models.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latitudinal patterns and climatic drivers of Laurasian and Gondwanan angiosperm tree distributions in forests of the Americas","authors":"Yi Jin, Hong Qian","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07687","url":null,"abstract":"The biogeographic affinity of a lineage leaves imprint on its niche, and influences its distribution under biotic interchange between landmasses. Since the beginning of the Quaternary, North America (a remnant of Laurasia) and South America (a remnant of Gondwana) have been united, and triggered the Great American Biotic Interchange. Based on existing knowledge, we expect more Laurasian lineages to occur at higher latitudes, in colder or drier areas; and more Gondwanan lineages to reside at lower latitudes, in hotter and wetter areas of the Americas. Moreover, the tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis states that the tropical flora be most ancient. If so, then both younger Laurasian and Gondwanan lineages would occur in regions at colder and higher latitudes. Here, we examine the latitudinal patterns of species richness and mean family age of Laurasian and Gondwanan angiosperm tree lineages in 422 forest plots distributed across the Americas, and investigate the underlying continent and climatic drivers. We found opposite latitudinal and climatic patterns for species richness of Laurasian and Gondwanan lineages, the former declined towards lower latitudes and hotter climates, whereas the latter declined towards higher latitudes and colder climates. In particular, more pronounced climatic patterns for species richness of Laurasian and Gondwanan lineages were observed in North and South America, respectively. In addition, the mean family age of Laurasian lineages declined towards higher latitudes and colder climates, and for Gondwanan lineages it also decreased towards higher latitudes in South America, hence supporting the TNC hypothesis. We suggest Laurasian and Gondwanan angiosperm tree lineages in forests of the Americas exhibit diverged climate niche preferences, perhaps partly due to diversification of the former in extratropical climates in recent geological times.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does habitat or climate change drive species range shifts?","authors":"Toni Lyn Morelli, Michael T. Hallworth, Timothy Duclos, Adam Ells, Steven D. Faccio, Jane R. Foster, Kent P. McFarland, Keith Nislow, Joel Ralston, Mary Ratnaswamy, William V. Deluca, Alexej P. K. Siren","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07560","url":null,"abstract":"A primary prediction of climate change ecology is that species will track their climate niche poleward and upslope. However, studies have shown species responding in surprising ways. In this study, we aim to understand the impact of global change on species ranges by considering both climate and habitat changes. Using occupancy analysis of acoustic survey data in the mountains of the northeastern United States, we tested specific predictions of range responses to warming (shifting upslope), precipitation change (shifting downslope), and forest composition change (shifting downslope). We found that American red squirrels <i>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</i>, key nodes in northern North American food webs, are not tracking increasing temperatures upslope, despite substantial warming in recent decades. Structural equation modeling indicates that red squirrel abundance is primarily influenced by red-spruce forest cover, which has shifted downslope with recovery from historical logging and acid deposition. Accounting for the multiple dimensions of global change will enable better predictions and more effective conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersal rather than climate and local environment constrains non‐marine snail fauna in west Greenland","authors":"Michal Horsák, Veronika Horsáková, Peter Samaš, Jan Divíšek, Brian Coles, Jeffrey C. Nekola","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07623","url":null,"abstract":"The biota of North Atlantic islands evokes intriguing questions on its evolution, colonisation routes, and an equilibrium between dispersal limitation and climatic/habitat constraints. While good data on non‐marine snails exist for most of the islands, the data for Greenland were observed mainly between 1850 and 1900. The recorded species have been described as Greenland endemics, but this conclusion has never been fully questioned based on evidence. It can be assumed that these passively dispersing invertebrates are in fact of North American origin, due to the shortest distance to the mainland across the Davis Strait. To answer these questions, we collected the snail fauna at 72 sites of five locations across west Greenland. Our sampling revealed a very species‐poor fauna, consisting of two aquatic and four terrestrial snail species. Based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, the phylogenetic reconstruction and haplotype analysis showed that these taxa are either North American (all aquatic) or European (all terrestrial) in origin. None of them appeared to be endemic to Greenland and they were not even genetically distinct from the mainland populations. At both the macro and habitat scale, the Greenland snail fauna was found to be only a small fraction of the mainland species pool based on climate mapping and analysis of habitat requirements. While it appears to be limited mainly by dispersal, a detailed analysis of bird migration routes and intensity could not explain a puzzling difference in the biogeographical origin of the aquatic and terrestrial components. Terrestrial snails mimic the pattern seen in non‐flying beetles, while the aquatic that of some flying insects. The results are a strong reminder that simple linear distance does not make a barrier, and that the barrier permeability can differ even within a group sharing the same dispersal mode and potential.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marcescence and prostrate growth in tree ferns are adaptations to cold tolerance","authors":"James M. R. Brock, André M. Bellvé, Bruce R. Burns","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07362","url":null,"abstract":"Cold tolerance strategies in plants vary from structural to biochemical permitting many plants to survive and grow on sites that experience freezing conditions intermittently. Although tree ferns occur predominantly across the tropics, they also occur in temperate zones and occasionally in areas that experience sub‐zero temperatures, and how these large ferns survive freezing conditions is unknown. Many temperate tree fern taxa are marcescent – retaining whorls of dead fronds encircling the upper trunk – or develop short or prostrate trunks, possibly to insulate against frost damage to their trunks and growing crowns. We asked the following questions: 1) do global growth patterns and traits of tree ferns respond to freezing conditions associated with latitude and elevation, 2) do growth patterns of tree ferns in New Zealand vary along a temperature‐related gradient, and 3) do marcescent tree fern skirts insulate the growing crown from sub‐zero temperatures? To establish what morphological adaptations permitted the Cyatheales to occur in biomes that experience intermittent sub‐zero temperatures and frost, we 1) reviewed the global distributions of these structural and morphological traits within the tree ferns (Cyatheales); 2) assessed the patterns of tree fern marcescence, and other traits potentially associated with cold tolerance (no trunk, prostrate, short‐trunked) of nine taxa of the Cyatheales along environmental gradients across New Zealand; and 3) conducted a field experiment to assess the thermal insulation properties of tree fern marcescent skirts. We identified significant trends among growth forms, marcescence, and environmental gradients consistent with our hypothesis that these are adaptations to tolerate cold. Our field experiments provide quantitative evidence that marcescent skirts have a strong insulating effect on tree fern trunks. The Cyatheales have evolved several strategies to protect the pith cores of their trunks from extreme cold temperatures in temperate forests allowing them to capture niche space in environments beyond the tropics.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiosyncratic spatial scaling of biodiversity–disease relationships","authors":"Neil A. Gilbert, Graziella V. DiRenzo, Elise F. Zipkin","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07541","url":null,"abstract":"High host biodiversity is hypothesized to dilute the risk of vector-borne diseases if many host species are ‘dead ends' that cannot effectively transmit the disease and low-diversity areas tend to be dominated by competent host species. However, many studies on biodiversity–disease relationships characterize host biodiversity at single, local spatial scales, which complicates efforts to forecast disease risk if associations between host biodiversity and disease change with spatial scale. Here, our objective is to evaluate the spatial scaling of relationships between host biodiversity and <i>Borrelia</i> (the bacterial taxon which causes Lyme disease) infection prevalence in small mammals. We compared the associations between infection prevalence and small mammal host diversity for local communities (individual plots) and metacommunities (multiple plots aggregated within a landscape) sampled by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), an emerging continental-scale environmental monitoring program with a hierarchical sampling design. We applied a multispecies, spatially-stratified capture–recapture model to a trapping dataset to estimate five small mammal biodiversity metrics, which we used to predict infection status for a subset of trapped individuals. We found that relationships between <i>Borrelia</i> infection prevalence and biodiversity did indeed vary when biodiversity was quantified at different spatial scales but that these scaling behaviors were idiosyncratic among the five biodiversity metrics. For example, species richness of local communities showed a negative (dilution) effect on infection prevalence, while species richness of the small mammal metacommunity showed a positive (amplification) effect on infection prevalence. Our modeling approach can inform future analyses as data from similar monitoring programs accumulate and become increasingly available through time. Our results indicate that a focus on single spatial scales when assessing the influence of biodiversity on disease risk provides an incomplete picture of the complexity of disease dynamics in ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}