Ecography最新文献

{"title":"Of all shapes and sizes: a theoretical framework for animal-mediated terrestrial heterogeneity across scales","authors":"Kristy M. Ferraro, Janey R. Lienau","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08006","url":null,"abstract":"Animals redistribute elements throughout their lives by depositing wastes and carcasses. Growing evidence shows that these zoogeochemical processes enhance landscape diversity and heterogeneity worldwide. We provide a descriptive framework for understanding how direct animal depositions (i.e. fecal matter, urine, carcasses, and other body materials) contribute to element heterogeneity across scales, with particular focus on how a species' contributions differ relative to one another. In this framework, we identify mean body mass and population density as the main predictors of element heterogeneity. Secondary predictors, including population strategy, overabundance, habitat preference, elemental composition and predation, are nested within and influenced by body size and density. We then demonstrate how animals can play unique roles within communities, leading to multiscale patterns of elemental heterogeneity within an ecosystem. In doing so, we highlight the importance of studying zoogeochemistry through both an ecosystem ecology and community ecology lens. We illustrate our framework using three spatial scales of animal communities (100 cm², 100 m², 100 km²) within an eastern temperate forest, considering both individual species traits and their community interactions at each scale. The community heterogeneity framework provides a theoretical understanding of how individual species and animal communities collectively drive element heterogeneity, allowing a predictive mechanism for the ecosystem contributions of animals across systems and scales.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The time of acquisition of multispectral predictors matters: the role of seasonality in bird species distribution models","authors":"Dominika Prajzlerová, Vojtěch Barták, Petr Balej, Vítězslav Moudrý, Petra Šímová","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07935","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution models (SDMs) analyse the relationships between species occurrences and environmental predictors. Their efficacy largely depends on the selection of ecologically relevant predictors, with remote sensing (RS) data being one of the most commonly used sources. The usability of multispectral predictors is influenced by temporal changes in vegetation and environmental conditions. However, the impact of seasonality is often overlooked, despite its potential to affect model accuracy. This study aims to assess the influence of seasonality in RS predictors on SDM performance for bird species. The study was conducted for an area of the Czech Republic, using presence–absence data from the Breeding Bird Survey (2018–2021) covering 147 survey squares and 104 bird species. We used Sentinel‐2 satellite imagery to derive monthly and full‐season composites of vegetation indices and reflectance bands from March to September (hereafter ‘periods'). Precipitation, terrain, and vegetation structure were also included. SDMs were constructed using Lasso‐regularized logistic regression, and model performance was assessed through area under the ROC curve (AUC) and R². Linear mixed‐effects models were employed to evaluate model performance, temporal prediction stability, and predictor importance stability across all species. Our results show that model performance depends on the period from which the predictors were derived. This dependence varies significantly among species and is partially associated with habitat preferences and prevalence, with forest species exhibiting greater stability. Differences in model performance across periods aligned with shifts in predictor importance, causing different RS predictors to become significant with seasonal changes. In conclusion, seasonal changes in vegetation, as reflected in the temporal variability of RS predictors, significantly affect SDM performance and predictor selection. Although species' ecological characteristics played a role, the effects remained species‐dependent, making it difficult to develop universal recommendations. Nevertheless, accounting for seasonal variations in RS predictors can enhance model accuracy for many species.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalogram habitat measures as predictors of bird abundance","authors":"Eduarda Silveira, Akash Anand, Anna M. Pidgeon, Eric Wood, Ryan E. Buron, Avi Bar‐Massada, Laura Farwell, Benjamin Zuckerberg, Volker C. Radeloff","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07389","url":null,"abstract":"Birds select habitat characteristics, such as variability in habitat structure, across multiple spatial scales (grain and extent). Measuring habitat variability at multiple scales can better capture factors that influence avifauna communities than focusing on one scale only. One valuable tool in assessing habitat heterogeneity is the cumulative dynamic habitat index (DHI), which is derived from satellite data and captures temporal variability in vegetation productivity. Our goals were to develop new habitat measures from the cumulative DHI at multiple scales based on scalograms, and to test their performance in models of bird abundance. We counted birds at 188 plots during three breeding seasons (2007–2009) at Fort McCoy military installation, USA, to assess the abundance of forest (ovenbird), shrubland (indigo bunting), and grassland (grasshopper sparrow<jats:italic>)</jats:italic> bird specialists. We then calculated NDVI based on PlanetScope (3 m), Sentinel‐2 (10 m), Landsat‐8 (30 m), and MODIS (250 m) data to quantify cumulative DHI. We summarized the averaged NDVI cumulative DHI within multiple extents around each bird survey and developed 11 new habitat measures to test their predictive power in models of bird abundance. We found positive relationships between cumulative DHI at different extents and the abundances of both ovenbirds and indigo buntings, a forest and a shrubland specialist, respectively; and a negative relationship with grasshopper sparrows, a grassland specialist. In multiple linear regression models that incorporated single‐ and multi‐grain predictors, the scalogram habitat measures explained moderate to high levels of variability in bird abundance, with R<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.77, 0.37, and 0.75 for our forest, shrubland, and grassland specialists, respectively. Our results show that scalograms are an effective tool for capturing multiscale habitat configuration, because they capture the variability of habitat conditions in forests, shrublands, and grasslands. The scalogram habitat measures that we developed can be computed using our new R package ‘scalogram'.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A test of the abundant‐center hypothesis for stream fishes","authors":"Matthew L. W. Zink, Brandon K. Peoples, Julian D. Olden, Lily M. Thompson, William K. Annis, Stephen R. Midway","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07711","url":null,"abstract":"The abundant‐center hypothesis (ACH) provides a conceptual model for predicting range‐wide distributions of species abundance, suggesting that abundance peaks in the center of the geographic range and declines towards range edges. Empirical studies testing the ACH and its subsequent derivations predominantly occurred in terrestrial systems and reported mixed support. Moreover, none of these models consider the possibility of multiple geographic areas of elevated abundance (which we refer to as ‘abundant cores'). Naturally dispersal limited species may exhibit multiple abundant cores, requiring refinement of the ACH. We used fish species abundances from 29 206 community monitoring surveys and weighted geospatial kernel density estimation to identify the number of abundant cores for 64 freshwater fish species. We regressed the number of abundant cores against range size and body size to test if larger geographic distributions and body sizes contain more abundant cores than smaller distributions and body sizes. The two predictors are surrogates for evolutionary age and dispersal ability, respectively, because older species are generally associated with larger ranges, and large‐bodied fishes have greater dispersal ability than small‐bodied fishes in dendritic networks. For studied species, 43 exhibited multi‐core distributions, and 21 exhibited a single‐core distribution. Species range size, but not body size, was significantly and positively associated with the number of abundant cores. The ACH was not a good descriptor of the abundance patterns of most stream fishes we studied, suggesting that an abundant center model may not be well‐suited for freshwater fishes. Recent geo‐climatic events in evolutionary time have isolated populations of the same species by a matrix of unsuitable habitat and/or hard dispersal barriers, providing the basis for multi‐core distributions. Biogeographic and ecological mechanisms likely underpin observed multi‐core patterns, and our work indicates that the ACH and related concepts still present opportunities for testing and refinement.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most young leaves pale in comparison to mature leaves: delayed greening is neither binary nor tropical","authors":"Giancarlo M. Chiarenza, Angela T. Moles","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07185","url":null,"abstract":"Delayed greening, the phenomenon in which expanding leaves appear red, blue or pale green due to low chlorophyll content, has long intrigued ecologists. However, little is known about what type of species are most likely to delay greening or which environmental conditions are associated with delayed greening. We spectroscopically quantified leaf pigments in 105 species from 12 representative terrestrial ecosystems, spanning from 16°S to 43°S, and assessed delayed greening as the log ratio of the average chlorophyll content in expanding and mature leaves. Contrary to the traditional binary view of delayed greening, we observed a normal distribution in the level of delayed greening species have, with expanding leaves containing, on average, half the chlorophyll of mature leaves. Surprisingly, there was no significant latitudinal gradient in the level of delayed greening. Herbivory showed no correlation with the level of delayed greening but a positive association with anthocyanin levels. Delayed greening levels tended to be lower in sites with near-neutral soil pH, greater in plant species with higher leaf surface and leaf mass per area, and exhibited no association with soil available nitrogen and organic carbon content. We suggest that a tradition of considering continuous variables in discrete categories can affect the way researchers think about a trait and potentially impede progress in understanding ecological strategy.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144097515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and local habitat variables as predictors of trophic interactions in subtidal rocky reefs along the SE Pacific coast","authors":"Catalina A. Musrri, Alistair G. B. Poore, Oscar Pino, Nicolás Riquelme, Wolfgang B. Stotz, Fadia Tala, Martin Thiel","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07338","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature generally drives latitudinal patterns in the strength of trophic interactions, including consumption rates. However, local community and other environmental conditions might also affect consumption, disrupting latitudinal gradients, which results in complex large-scale patterns. This study assessed the relative effect of environmental variables and local consumer communities on predation and herbivory along more than 22 degrees of latitude (∼2500 km) of the Chilean coast. Consumption assays with animal prey (porcellanid crabs and squidpops) and the kelp <i>Lessonia</i> spp. were used to assess predation (after 2 h and 24 h) and herbivory (after 24 h) at 12 study sites where important environmental variables (seawater characteristics, habitat features and consumer community characteristics) were measured. For each prey type, we aimed to identify the variables that best explained variation in consumption. Predation rates were positively related to temperature, but also with dissolved oxygen and higher salinities, all variables that are thought to favour higher metabolic rates in consumers. Local habitat characteristics (i.e. higher bare rock cover) negatively affected predation rates on porcellanid crabs, likely because large predatory fish feeding on crabs (which also explain higher crab consumption) are less abundant in seaweed-free areas (kelp or understory algae). There was a decrease in herbivory with higher understorey algae cover, possibly due to the presence of alternative, more palatable seaweeds. The fact that the offered kelp blades were not consumed at latitudes where phlorotannin contents were very high suggests a relationship between consumption and seaweed palatability. Since many of the explanatory variables did not show a strict latitudinal trend, large-scale consumption patterns can vary with sources of local variation that affect the consumer metabolism, foraging efficiency and consumption pressure.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144097675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared temporal increases in bill size among songbirds of the San Francisco Bay Area provide evidence for different seasonal selective pressures","authors":"Jenna D. Krugler, Phred M. Benham, Rauri C. K. Bowie","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07494","url":null,"abstract":"Museum specimens offer a unique and powerful tool for understanding the impact of anthropogenic change on populations over time. Morphological traits can be impacted by many different environmental variables that are difficult to separate from one another as potential driving factors. Comparative analyses among similar species jointly experiencing change in the same environmental variables can help pinpoint the selective pressures driving temporal morphological change. We assessed temporal change in bill size, tarsus length, and body size between six species of songbirds from the San Francisco Bay Area over the past 150 years. Wing length, as a proxy for body size, exhibited idiosyncratic temporal changes among species. In contrast, we found a significant increase in bill surface area across all but one species. Quantile regression analyses on bill size variation additionally revealed that temporal increases over the past century have been driven by increases in the largest bill sizes in some species, but increases in the smallest bills over time in others. The climate variables best explaining temporal change in bill size also differed among species, with some species responding more to changing summer variables (e.g. maximum annual temperature) and others in response to a changing winter climate. These results together suggest that different sympatric, resident bird species may be experiencing temporal morphological change in response to selective pressures experienced at different seasons. Our finding provides support for the season of critical thermal stress hypothesis that suggests variation in functional traits will be shaped by the season that imposes the greatest selective force on a population. Overall, this study has important implications for future research on the role of bills in thermoregulation and for conservation efforts based on the adaptive capacity of birds to respond to climate change.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freshwater fish functional diversity shows diverse responses to human activities, but consistently declines in the tropics","authors":"Romullo Guimarães de Sá Ferreira Lima, Bruno Eleres Soares, Marc Cadotte, Míriam Pilz Albrecht","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07746","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater environments are intertwined with human activities and the consequence has been environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Fish provide key ecological and economic benefits, and fish abundance and diversity can be affected by human activities resulting in functional diversity (FD) changes that might scale up to ecosystem impacts. Changes in FD can be expressed by quantifying its three main FD components: richness, regularity and divergence. There is no consensus about how human activities affect the main components of FD. In addition, human activities might affect the functional diversity of communities differently in temperate and tropical regions because of differences in the regional species pools and the distribution of functional traits. Here, using a meta-analytical approach, we assess how different human activities (e.g. deforestation, invasion, reservoirs) in freshwater systems affect FD components in fish communities. We compiled information from 2012 to 2023, and we found highly idiosyncratic patterns globally, but consistent loss of functional richness and regularity in face of human activities in the tropics. This idiosyncrasy could be related to high environmental heterogeneity or the multiple ways in which communities can be affected by human activities, including species loss or introduction of non-native species, or the distribution of functional uniqueness and redundancy. The reduction of functional diversity in tropical regions reveals that high redundancy alone does not prevent declines in functional diversity, and that human activities are removing specific ecological functions from natural environments. Despite the general patterns of reduction observed, local features play a crucial role in shaping how communities respond to human activities. Therefore, it is essential to understand these patterns at a local scale and to investigate the mechanisms by which specific activities impact FD.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary trajectories of multiple defense traits across phylogenetic and geographic scales in Vitis","authors":"Carolyn D. K. Graham, Marjorie G. Weber","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07722","url":null,"abstract":"The processes driving defense trait correlations may vary within and between species based on ecological or environmental contexts. However, most studies of plant defense theory fail to address this potential for shifts in trait correlations across scales. In this work, we tested for correlations between multiple defensive traits (secondary chemistry, carbon to nitrogen ratio, domatia, leaf toughness, trichomes, and pearl bodies) across a common garden of 21 <i>Vitis</i> species and eighteen genotypes of the species <i>Vitis riparia</i> to identify when and where patterns of defense trait evolution persist or break down across biological scales. Additionally, we asked whether <i>Vitis</i> defense trait investment correlates with environmental variables as predicted by plant defense theory, using environmental metrics for each <i>Vitis</i> species and <i>V. riparia</i> genotype from the GBIF and WorldClim databases. We tested for correlations between defense trait investment, herbivore palatability, and environmental variables using phylogenetically informed models. Beyond a few likely physiological exceptions, we observed a lack of significant correlations between defense traits at both intra- and interspecific scales, indicating that these traits evolve independently of each other in <i>Vitis</i> rather than forming predictable defense syndromes. We did find that investment in carbon:nitrogen (at both scales) and pearl bodies increases with proximity to the equator, demonstrating support for plant defense theory's prediction of higher investment in defenses at more equatorial environments for some, but not all, defense traits. Overall, our results challenge commonly held hypotheses about plant defense evolution, namely the concept of syndromes, by demonstrating that strong correlations between defense traits are not the prevailing pattern both across and within <i>Vitis</i> species. Our work also provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the evolutionary divergence in approaches that <i>Vitis</i>, a genus with significant agricultural value, have evolved to defend themselves against herbivores.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stronger effect of temperature on body growth in cool than in warm populations suggests lack of local adaptation","authors":"Max Lindmark, Jan Ohlberger, Anna Gårdmark","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07518","url":null,"abstract":"Body size is a key functional trait that has declined in many biological communities, partly due to changes in individual growth rates in response to climate warming. However, our understanding of growth responses in natural populations is limited by relatively short time series without large temperature contrasts and unknown levels of adaptation to local temperatures across populations within species. In this study, we collated back-calculated length-at-age data for the fish Eurasian perch <i>Perca fluviatilis</i> from 10 populations along the Baltic Sea coast between 1953 and 2015 (142 023 length-at-age measurements). We fitted individual growth trajectories using the von Bertalanffy growth equation, and reconstructed local temperature time series using generalized linear mixed models fitted to three data sources. Leveraging a uniquely large temperature contrast due to climate change and artificial heating from nuclear power plants in two of the examined populations, we then estimated population-specific and global (across populations) growth–temperature relationships using Bayesian mixed models, and evaluated whether populations are locally adapted to environmental temperatures. We found little evidence for local adaptation of body growth. Populations did not exhibit unique optimum growth temperatures nor unique growth rates at a common reference temperature. Instead, population-specific curves mapped onto a global curve, resulting in body growth increasing with warming in cold populations but decreasing in one of the warmer populations. Understanding whether the effects of warming on growth are population-specific is critical for generalizing predictions of climate impacts on body size, which affects multiple levels of biological organization from individuals to ecosystem functioning.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}