Ecography最新文献

{"title":"Spatio‐temporal Usutu virus model explains Eurasian blackbird Turdus merula population trends","authors":"Jurrian Van Irsel, Henk P. van der Jeugd, Willem F. de Boer, Kevin D. Matson, Judith M. A. van den Brand, Reina Sikkema, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Ruud P. B. Foppen","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07759","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging vector‐borne pathogens (VBPs) pose significant global health threats, occasionally causing widespread outbreaks with high wildlife mortality. Understanding climatic and anthropogenic drivers behind transmission dynamics in wildlife populations is key to mitigate health risks. Citizen science data may allow us to investigate the spread of pathogen outbreaks as it can be collected over a wide range within short time periods. In this study, we explored the use of wildlife mortality data to model the annual occurrence of VBPs. Making use of retrospective Eurasian blackbird <jats:italic>Turdus merula</jats:italic> mortality data collected within a citizen science program, we employed an ecological niche modelling framework to model the annual distribution of Usutu virus (USUV) in the Netherlands. Based on these modelled USUV occurrence probabilities, we assessed the impact of the USUV occurrence on blackbird populations. Our results reveal a rapid south–north spread of USUV across the Netherlands within three years with an average expansion rate of 91 km year<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>. This spread led to significant population declines in blackbirds, reducing population numbers by 30% compared to pre‐USUV levels. Our study demonstrated that citizen science bird mortality surveillance can generate useful data to model the spatial transmission intensity of VBP over time that follows the declines in wildlife populations. Higher winter and spring temperatures, which may have facilitated early development of mosquito populations and resulted in greater mosquito abundance later in the year, had a positive impact on the USUV occurrence estimates. While our approach proved successful in modelling pathogen distribution using a well‐monitored species like the blackbird, it may be less effective for pathogens that cause minimal wildlife mortality or affect species that are harder to detect. This study provides a first example of a spatio‐temporal estimation of USUV transmission intensity in Europe, offering a framework for investigating the annual impact of USUV outbreaks on wildlife populations.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A zoogeographic model for the evolution of diversity and endemism in Madagascar","authors":"Gabriela P. Camacho, Ana Carolina Loss, Brian L. Fisher, Bonnie B. Blaimer","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07661","url":null,"abstract":"The delineation of zoogeographic regions is essential for understanding the evolution of biodiversity. Madagascar, characterized by high levels of endemism and habitat diversity, presents unique challenges and opportunities for such studies. Traditional global zoogeographic classifications, largely based on vertebrates, may overlook finer‐scale patterns of diversity. This study employs comprehensive ant distribution and phylogenomic datasets to propose a refined zoogeographic model for Madagascar. Utilizing phylogenetic Simpson's turnover, we identified three primary regions – Eastern, Northern, and Western – each characterized by distinct environmental and phylogenetic profiles. Further subdivision revealed nine subregions, reflecting variations in elevation, net primary productivity, and terrain ruggedness. Our findings highlight the importance of topographical and environmental barriers in shaping phylogenetic diversity and endemism. Notably, we observed significant phylogenetic clustering in lowland areas and distinct differences in net primary productivity and elevation across regions. This study underscores the value of integrating phylogenetic data in zoogeographic analyses and provides a nuanced framework for investigating biodiversity patterns in Madagascar, offering insights into the processes driving speciation and endemism on the island.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The what, how, and why of trait‐based analyses in ecology","authors":"Thomas Guillerme, Pedro Cardoso, Maria Wagner Jørgensen, Stefano Mammola, Thomas J. Matthews","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07580","url":null,"abstract":"Functional diversity is increasingly used alongside taxonomic diversity to describe populations and communities in ecology. Indeed, functional diversity metrics allow researchers to summarise complex occupancy patterns in space and/or time across communities and/or populations in response to various stressors. In other words, investigating what, how, and why something is changing in an ecosystem by looking at changes of patterns under a certain process through a specific mechanism. However, as the diversity of functional diversity metrics and methods increases, it is often not directly clear which metric is more readily appropriate for which question. We studied the ability of different functional diversity metrics to recover patterns and signals from different processes linked to common assembly mechanisms in community ecology, such as environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, equalising fitness, and facilitation. Using both simulated data and an empirical dataset affected by more complex and nuanced mechanisms, we tested the effectiveness of different space occupancy metrics to recover the simulated or empirical changes. We show that different metrics perform differently when trying to capture signals from different approximations of common mechanisms relative to no mechanism at all (null). For example, competition was harder to disentangle from the null mechanisms compared to facilitation in our simulations. This emphasises the importance of not using a one‐size‐fits‐all metric. Instead, researchers should carefully consider and test whether a particular metric will be effective in capturing a pattern of interest.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of climate on bat morphology across space and time","authors":"Laura Paltrinieri, Orly Razgour, Luca Santini, Danilo Russo, Joxerra Aihartza, Ostaizka Aizpurua, Francisco Amorim, Leonardo Ancillotto, Konrad Bidziński, Rasit Bilgin, Philip Briggs, Lisette Cantù-Salazar, Mateusz Ciechanowski, Luca Cistrone, Dina K. N. Dechmann, Katrine Eldegard, Mari Aas Fjelldal, Jérémy Froidevaux, Joanna Furmankiewicz, Inazio Garin, Luke Hamel, Carlos Ibanez, Martyna Jankowska-Jarek, Javier Juste, Carmi Korine, Grzegorz Lesiński, Maxime Leuchtmann, Adriano Martinoli, Maria Mas, Fiona Mathews, Reed April McKay, Thijs Molenaar, Colin Morris, Victoria Nistreanu, Kevin J. Olival, Andrea Pereswiet-Soltan, Áron Péter, Kendra Phelps, Dominique Pontier, Lucy Pope, Hugo Rebelo, Damiano G. Preatoni, Xavier Puig-Monserat, Niamh Roche, Ireneusz Ruczyński, Attila D. Sándor, Rune Sørås, Martina Spada, Nia Toshkova, Jeroen van der Kooij, Christian C. Voigt, Zuzanna Wikar, Aneta Zapart, Marcin Zegarek, Ana Benítez-López","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07663","url":null,"abstract":"According to Bergmann's and Allen's rules, climate change may drive morphological shifts in species, affecting body size and appendage length. These rules predict that species in colder climates tend to be larger and have shorter appendages to improve thermoregulation. Bats are thought to be sensitive to climate and are therefore expected to respond to climatic changes across space and time. We conducted a phylogenetic meta-analysis on &gt; 27 000 forearm length (FAL) and body mass (BM) measurements from 20 sedentary European bat species to examine body size patterns. We assessed the relationships between body size and environmental variables (winter and summer temperatures, and summer precipitation) across geographic locations, and also analysed temporal trends in body size. We found sex-specific morphological shifts in the body size of European bats in response to temperature and precipitation patterns across space, but no clear temporal changes due to high interspecific variability. Across Europe, male FAL decreased with increasing summer and winter temperatures, and BM increased with greater precipitation. In contrast, both FAL and BM of female bats increased with summer precipitation and decreased with winter temperatures. Our data can confirm Bergmann's rule for both males and females, while females' BM variations are also related to summer precipitation, suggesting a potential link to resource availability. Allen's rule is confirmed only in males in relation to summer temperature, while in females FAL and BM decrease proportionally with increasing temperature, maintaining a constant allometric relationship incompatible with Allen's rule. This study provides new insights into sex and species-dependent morphological changes in bat body size in response to temperature and precipitation patterns. It highlights how body size variation reflects adaptations to temperature and precipitation patterns, thus providing insights into potential species-level morphological responses to climate change across Europe.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scale-dependent variation in leaf functional traits clarifies mechanisms of invasion","authors":"Andrea C. Westerband, Tiffany M. Knight, Kasey E. Barton","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07566","url":null,"abstract":"Comparing the functional traits of co-occurring native and invasive plant species can offer insight regarding mechanisms of invasion. Previous studies have failed to reach a consensus, indicating that the extent of trait differences between native and invasives might depend on the environmental context and on the spatial grain of the analysis. Here we evaluate the scale-dependency of native–invader trait comparisons within the Hawaiian Archipelago, a globally important region of high endemicity and high invasibility. We evaluated trait (e.g. gas exchange, leaf nutrient concentration, specific leaf area) differences locally and regionally (i.e. within and across islands) and found that while invasives are more resource acquisitive at the regional scale, native–invader differences are highly idiosyncratic at localized scales, varying both in direction and magnitude within islands. Our findings clarify how region-wide species comparisons may fail to characterize interactions happening at local scales, thereby misleading or obscuring the mechanisms underlying invasion.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling in situ and remote sensing data to assess α- and β-diversity over biogeographic gradients","authors":"Maxime Lenormand, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Guillaume Papuga, Samuel Alleaume, Sandra Luque","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07479","url":null,"abstract":"The mapping of plant biodiversity represents a fundamental stage in establishing conservation priorities, particularly in identifying groups of species that share ecological requirements or evolutionary histories. This is often achieved by assessing different spatial diversity patterns in plant population distributions. In this paper, we present two primary data sources crucial for biodiversity monitoring: in situ measurements from botanical observations and remote sensing (RS). In situ methods involve directly collecting data from specific sites, providing detailed insights into ecological patterns but often constrained by resource limitations. Integrating in situ and RS data highlights their complementary strengths, which depend on factors such as study scale, resolution, and logistical feasibility. While in situ approaches are characterized by precision, RS offers efficiency and extensive, repeated coverage. This research integrates in situ and RS data to analyze plant and spectral diversity across France at a spatial resolution of 5 km, encompassing over 23 000 grid cells. We employ four established diversity metrics leveraging the spatial distribution of 6650 plant species and 250 spectral clusters (derived from MODIS data at a 500-m resolution). Through bioregionalization network analysis combining these data sources, we identified five distinct bioregions that capture the biogeographical structure of plant biodiversity in France. Additionally, we explore the relationship between plant species diversity and spectral cluster diversity within and between these bioregions, offering novel insights into the spatial dynamics of plant biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranking ecological contingencies from high-order factorial data demonstrate tidy control of biodiversity from facilitation cascades in estuaries on the South Island of New Zealand","authors":"Ken Joseph E. Clemente, Mads S. Thomsen","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07488","url":null,"abstract":"Community ecology has been described as a ‘mess' because ecological processes vary in space, time, and across species traits, resulting in myriads of ecological contingencies and low scientific predictability. Here, we aimed to identify and rank ecological contingencies and improve predictability using fully crossed high-order factorial mensurative and manipulative experiments across axes of spatiotemporal variability that may influence the strength of facilitation cascades on the South Island of New Zealand. Facilitation cascades, arising from chains of positive interactions, are prevalent in intertidal sedimentary estuaries, where biogenic habitat-formers, such as bivalves and attached seaweed, provide hard substrates, food, hiding places, and reduce environmental stress for small animals. Specifically, we measured facilitation of &gt; 65 000 small mobile invertebrates across eight archetypical contingencies, i.e. within and between seasons, latitudes, sites with different distances to the open ocean, vertical intertidal elevations, wider habitat matrix (bare sediment vs seagrass beds), and between small-scale habitat-forming species (the endemic cockle <i>Austrovenus</i> and attached cosmopolitan seaweeds, <i>Ulva</i> and <i>Gracilaria</i> spp.) and their sizes. Overall, our multifactorial tests revealed that most higher-order interactions (three-way or more) were not important ecologically and that many important lower-order interactions (two-way) were ‘simple', demonstrating that facilitation can increase when and where the baseline biodiversity is higher. Furthermore, most of the main test factors were significant and ecologically important, suggesting that facilitation of animals, generally and across other factors, was strongest on large and morphologically complex seaweeds, at near-ocean sites and deeper intertidal elevations, and in warmer summer months. Our case study highlights a relatively tidy – not messy – control of biodiversity of intertidal epifauna, and that high-order factorial sampling can help unravel and rank co-occurring spatiotemporal drivers to better understand ecological contingencies. Finally, our results may also inform management of habitat-forming species to preserve estuarine biodiversity and maintain their secondary production.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic structure and diversity of the declining orchid Gymnadenia conopsea in Scandinavia: implications for conservation and management","authors":"Linus Söderquist, Nina Joffard, Douglas G. Scofield, Pascal Milesi, Sophie Karrenberg, Nina Sletvold","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07628","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how historical versus contemporary processes shape population genetic structure and diversity is important to design effective management actions for threatened species. We genotyped 1834 SNPs in 1120 individuals from 110 Scandinavian populations of the declining orchid <i>Gymnadenia conopsea</i>, in three different habitat types, to examine whether genetic structure was related to wind speed, terrain ruggedness, forest cover, and seasonality at the landscape scale, and whether genetic diversity increases with census population size and is higher in core habitats (fen and meadow) than in marginal, coastal habitats. We identified three genetic clusters and pronounced isolation by distance, consistent with two independent colonization routes after the last glacial maximum, followed by admixture. Effective population size was highest in the admixed cluster. Estimates of effective migration indicated reduced gene flow along the Atlantic coast, between coastal and inland populations, and among southern meadow populations. High landscape resistance to gene flow was associated with complex topography and pronounced seasonality. Genetic diversity increased with population size but did not vary among habitat types. Genetic diversity peaked in core habitats, i.e. southern meadows and inland fens along the Scandes Mountains. The lowest genetic diversity was found along the Atlantic coast and in a few scattered populations. Current genetic structure suggests a strong legacy of historical events, and the high genetic diversity documented in the main Scandinavian range indicates that current viability and future adaptation potential are high. To maintain genetic diversity and connectivity between genetic groups, it is particularly important to preserve southern meadow populations, which are currently in strong decline. Overall, our results illustrate how a declining species can help us understand the impact of historical and current processes, how landscape genetic data can inform proactive conservation, and how a slow genetic response to fragmentation can allow time to maintain genetic diversity through habitat restoration and management.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Richness patterns in vertebrates are robust to the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls","authors":"Søren Faurby, Brody Sandel","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07467","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly all research has to rely on imprecise data. This poses a challenge of knowing which conclusions are reliable despite potential data quality issues. One field that has been fundamentally affected by this is macroecology. Can we understand drivers of biodiversity patterns without having fully reliable distributional data? In this paper, we investigated the reliability of biodiversity patterns focused on three groups of terrestrial vertebrates ranging from very well known (birds and mammals) to relatively poorly known (amphibians). We compared two expert-derived sets of range maps generated more than 10 years apart. We found that nearly half of all species had changes in taxonomy and/or distribution, but despite this, the overall spatial diversity patterns between the two sets were extraordinarily similar for all three groups. We further found that the minute changes in richness we saw were almost exclusively driven by changes in the mapped ranges of already known species rather than the discovery of new species, even though up to 18% of new species were added between assessments. Since the patterns were highly similar between the assessments, this suggests that, at least for vertebrates, data quality does not affect analyses of biodiversity patterns. This further implies that results based on older and less precise input data remain reliable, even though more precise input data have become available.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional databases demonstrate macroecological patterns less clearly than systematically collected field data","authors":"Matthew R. Kerr, Nicole Currie, Matthew A. Kosnik, John Alroy","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07355","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of macroecological patterns has necessitated the use of large, composite datasets recording local-scale species occurrences distributed across the globe. These datasets, however, have various spatial and temporal biases, including taxonomic under sampling, range gaps for many species, and geographic uncertainty. They have rarely been compared to data collected in the field across large spatial gradients. In this paper we use two datasets built from online repositories plus standardised field collections of death assemblages to reconstruct macroecological patterns for marine bivalves along the eastern coastline of Australia – spanning over 20° of latitude and the transition between tropical and temperate regions. We test the strength of the latitudinal diversity gradient using four diversity measures and identify a biogeographical boundary. The field collection demonstrates a strong latitudinal gradient, but results from the composite datasets were varied. Adding observation-based records to the composite dataset obscured the latitudinal gradient. The location of the biogeographic boundary was the same in all datasets, and the location mirrored two previously published bioregionalisations. Although broad patterns seen in the field can be uncovered from composite macroecological datasets, care both in dataset construction and choice of methods is needed to ensure robust results.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}