Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Surprisingly wide climatic niche breadth of a relict mountain species raises hope for survival under climate change","authors":"Yaacoub Nassif,&nbsp;Paulina E. Pinto,&nbsp;Juan Fernandez-Manjarres,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Gegout","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the juvenile climatic niche breadth of a relict mountain species by comparing field observations and transplant experiments within and beyond the elevational limits of its distribution range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lebanon – Near East – Mediterranean region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied the survival and growth of the Cedar of Lebanon (<i>Cedrus libani</i>) to determine the lower and upper elevational range limits of its juvenile stage through an experimental setup with and without water supplementation and with potentially competing species as a control. The experiment included eight common gardens at elevations ranging from 110 to 2330 m, within and far beyond the warm and cold limits of Cedar distribution observed under natural conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed unexpectedly high survival and growth rates of Cedar at elevations well below the range of its natural distribution in Lebanon. Below the observed warm limit, water stress at very low elevations and competition at low and medium elevations limited juvenile survival. In contrast, cold temperature and water stress limited survival at elevations slightly above the observed upper natural limit. The experimental setup demonstrated that the elevation range suitable for Cedar growth and survival was twice as wide as the range within which Cedar is observed under natural conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High survival rates experimentally observed beyond the warm limit of the natural distribution range of the Cedar of Lebanon raise hope for its resilience to ongoing climate warming. If this pattern were frequent among montane species, it would challenge predictions of massive extinction with climate change and pave the way for promoting adaptive actions such as competition management to improve their survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using eDNA Sampling to Identify Correlates of Species Occupancy Across Broad Spatial Scales","authors":"Emily F. McColl-Gausden,&nbsp;Josh Griffiths,&nbsp;Andrew R. Weeks,&nbsp;Reid Tingley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13926","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species presence–absence data can be time-consuming and logistically difficult to obtain across large spatial extents. Yet these data are important for ensuring changes in species distributions are accurately monitored and are vital for ensuring appropriate conservation actions are undertaken. Here, we demonstrate how environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling can be used to systematically collect species occupancy data rapidly and efficiently across vast spatial domains to improve understanding of factors influencing species distributions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>South-eastern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use a widely distributed, but near-threatened species, the platypus (<i>Ornithorhynchus anatinus</i>), as a test case and undertake an environmentally stratified systematic survey to assess the presence–absence of platypus eDNA at 504 sites across 584,292 km² of south-eastern Australia, representing ~37% of the species' extensive distribution. Site occupancy-detection models were used to analyse how landscape- and site-level factors affect platypus occupancy, enabling us to incorporate uncertainty at the different levels inherent in eDNA sampling (site, water sample replicate and qPCR replicate).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Platypus eDNA was detected at 272 sites (~54%) with platypuses more likely to occupy sites in catchments with increased runoff and less zero-flow days, and sites with access to banks suitable for burrowing. Platypuses were less likely to occupy sites in catchments with a high proportion of shrubs and grasslands, or agricultural land use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data provide an important large-scale validation of the landscape- and site-level factors influencing platypus occupancy that can be used to inform future conservation efforts. Our case study shows that systematically designed, stratified eDNA surveys provide an efficient means to understand how environmental characteristics affect species occupancy across broad environmental gradients. The methods employed here can be applied to aquatic and semi-aquatic species globally, providing unprecedented opportunities to understand biodiversity status and change and provide insights for current and future conservation actions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linearity and Temporal Variability Are Overlooked Components of Global Vertebrate Population Dynamics","authors":"Maelys Boennec,&nbsp;Vasilis Dakos,&nbsp;Vincent Devictor","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13932","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population dynamics are usually assessed through linear trend analysis, quantifying their general direction. However, linear trends may hide substantial variations in population dynamics that could reconcile apparent discrepancies when quantifying the extent of the biodiversity crisis. We seek to determine whether the use of non-linear methods and the quantification of temporal variability can offer a more complete representation of changes in global population dynamics than commonly-used linear approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 6437 population time series from 1257 vertebrate species from the Living Planet Database over the period 1950–2020. We modelled populations through the use of second-order polynomials and classified trajectories according to their direction and acceleration. We modelled and classified these same populations using a more classical linear trend analysis. We quantified temporal variability using the mean squared error of the fitted polynomials. We then used generalised linear mixed models to test potential sources of heterogeneity in non-linear trajectories and temporal variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In all, 44.8% of the analysed population time series were non-linear. Across all populations, 30% were declining, 30% were increasing, and 40% were with no linear trend. Among the population showing no linear trend, half were concave or convex. Non-linearity was expressed differently between taxonomic groups, with mammals showing higher prevalence of non-linearity. Marine and freshwater populations were more variable than terrestrial populations, and fish were more variable than other vertebrates. Differences between geographical regions were detected in both non-linearity and temporal variability, but no straightforward pattern emerged. There were no differences in both components between IUCN categories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-linearity and temporal variability reveal usually overlooked dramatic declines or recovery signals in global population dynamics. Thus, moving beyond linearity can improve our understanding of complex population dynamics and better inform conservation decisions. In particular, populations usually classified as ‘stable’ can hide informative changes in non-linear and variability patterns that need to be considered in global biodiversity assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Invisible Species: Big Data Unveil Coverage Gaps in the Atlantic Forest Hotspot","authors":"Weverton C. F. Trindade,&nbsp;Márcia C. M. Marques","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13931","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rapid technological advancements and the biodiversity crisis have motivated efforts to document species before their extinction. However, taxonomic coverage gaps, where certain species are underrepresented in biodiversity databases, can distort our understanding of ecosystems. Here, we quantified how many of the plant species found in a hotspot are invisible, i.e. they would be excluded from studies due to insufficient occurrence data. Additionally, we identified factors influencing the invisibility of species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atlantic Forest hotspot, Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We downloaded and filtered occurrence data from 15,010 plant species from online biodiversity databases. We utilized multiple thresholds, each representing a minimum required number of records, to classify species as “invisible” if their record count fell below these thresholds. We fitted logistic models to estimate how factors such as life form, presence of a vernacular name, geographical distribution, endemism, and year of taxonomic publication influence the odds of species exclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of invisible species ranged from 14% when employing simple tools requiring just three records to as high as 64% with more demanding tools requiring at least 60 records. Species with specific characteristics are more prone to invisibility, including non-tree species, species without vernacular names, species with restricted distributions within Atlantic Forest, endemic species, and species with names published more recently. A significant portion of these invisible species are distributed along the coastline. In contrast, the continental portion of the biome exhibits fewer taxonomic coverage gaps of known species, most likely due to lower rates of new species descriptions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coverage gaps are shaped by the interaction of biological traits, societal preferences, limited technical support, and human activities. Studies relying on distributional data must balance the rigour of filters and thresholds to achieve both geographical reliability and taxonomic coverage, adjusting them to align with each study's specific data and goals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Stability of Marine Forests Facing Moderate Gradual Warming in a Remote Biodiversity Hotspot","authors":"Albert Pessarrodona,&nbsp;Georgina Wood,&nbsp;Camille M. Grimaldi,&nbsp;Nisse Goldberg,&nbsp;Gary A. Kendrick,&nbsp;Samuel Starko,&nbsp;Thomas Wernberg","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13933","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ocean warming and marine heatwaves are rapidly reconfiguring the composition of seaweed forests—the world's largest coastal vegetated biome. Seaweed forest responses to climate change in remote locations, which constitute the majority of the forest biome, remain however poorly quantified. Here, we examine the temporal stability of the seaweed forests across a global seaweed biodiversity hotspot where several species are predicted to undergo severe range contractions in this century.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Western south coast of Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seaweed forest canopies were censused at 18 shallow (&lt; 10 m) sheltered reefs between 1997 and 2006 and again between 2021 and 2024 (six sites per location). We also surveyed 24 sites to examine whether temporal changes differed over gradients of wave exposure and depth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seaweed forest canopies across all locations showed surprisingly little change in biomass, cover, stand density and species composition over two decades, with strong spatial structuring across depth and exposure gradients persisting over time. The average thermal affinity of forest canopies (i.e., the community temperature index, CTI) did not track warming, suggesting that factors other than temperature (e.g., wave exposure and depth) are more important drivers of forest stand structure and/or that key thermal thresholds have not yet been crossed. Forests in the location with the most pronounced warming exhibited increased thermal bias over time (total bias of 0.8°C–2.2°C), indicating they were dominated by species with cooler affinities than their local temperatures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The greater thermal bias in forests at the warmer edge of southern Australia suggests these will be more susceptible to future warming-related compositional changes than forests in cooler locations. The relative stability we found contrasts with a current context of rapidly changing seaweed forests nationally and globally, highlighting the need to deepen our ecological understanding of the region so that future changes to its unique biodiversity and ecosystem services can be predicted and mitigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Tolerance and Species Distributions: Interactions Between Latitude, Elevation and Arboreality in Ants","authors":"Talita Camara,&nbsp;Alan N. Andersen,&nbsp;Geraldo Nascimento,&nbsp;Xavier Arnan","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global warming has highlighted the importance of understanding the role of thermal tolerance as a driver of species distributions, especially for ectotherms. Here we analyse interactions between latitude, elevation and arboreality as predictors of geographic patterns of thermal tolerance in ants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The collected data are distributed globally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We first tested the effect of latitude, elevation and its interactive effect on ant CT_max and CT_min. Second, we tested whether CT_max and CT_min are phylogenetic clustering. Finally, we tested whether CT_max and CT_min can be explained by nesting microhabitat (ground vs. tree-nesting species) and whether the probability of occurrence of tree-nesting species along thermal gradients helps explain the global pattern in ant CT_max.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CT_max and CT_min displayed high and low phylogenetic signals respectively and therefore showed different responses to geographic gradients. Notably, we found that CT_max was higher in higher latitudes. This was explained by a lack of elevational turnover at high latitudes among tree-nesting species, which are exposed to warmer microclimates and have higher CT_max compared with ground-nesting species. CT_min decreased with elevation at low latitudes, but did not vary with elevation at higher latitudes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight the important influence of arboreality on the macroecology of thermal tolerance, substantially modifying traditional notions of variation along latitudinal and elevation gradients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing the Big- to Fine-Grained Picture: Exploring the Baseline Status of Mammal Occupancy Across Myanmar Using Scale-Optimised Modelling","authors":"Pyae Phyoe Kyaw,&nbsp;Samuel A. Cushman,&nbsp;Żaneta Kaszta,&nbsp;Dawn Burnham,&nbsp;Than Zaw,&nbsp;Hla Naing,&nbsp;Saw Htun,&nbsp;Kyaw Moe,&nbsp;Aung Ye Tun,&nbsp;Okka Myo,&nbsp;Zarni Aung,&nbsp;Khin Myo Myo,&nbsp;Htet Arkar Aung,&nbsp;Saw Htoo Tha Po,&nbsp;Saw Ehkhu Po,&nbsp;Saw William L. Tun,&nbsp;Saw Hay Nay,&nbsp;David W. Macdonald","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13934","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Myanmar, an Indo-Burmese biodiversity hotspot, lacks baseline data on species occurrence and distribution. This hinders biodiversity monitoring and optimisation of conservation and development plans. We aim to document baseline mammal occupancy, interactions with environmental factors and scale-dependent responses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Hkakaborazi National Park, Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park, Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range, Say Taung and Myinmoletkhat Key Biodiversity Areas distributed across Myanmar.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Camera trap data throughout Myanmar were used to analyse species occupancy. We conducted a multiscale hierarchical spatial modelling process, using local and pooled data across Myanmar. We also optimised spatial scale across five scales and six predictors, using univariate occupancy models. We then selected scale-optimised variables for multivariate modelling, repeating this process for each species across local, regional and national datasets.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The study identified 47 terrestrial species and observed strong scale-dependent nonstationarity in occupancy estimates. Relationships with environmental variables differed among species and were highly scale dependent. Importantly, occupancy estimates produced by pooling data across sites were greatly different from any of the estimates for the individual sites, suggesting that high heterogeneity in occurrence and abundance across sites among species requires local or nested occupancy estimates to account for spatial heterogeneity and variation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Future conservation efforts should focus on Northern Myanmar if range-restricted and rare species are to be protected, while focus should still be given to common species which serve as potential indicators of overall community structure. The nonstationarity of occupancy results from different datasets underscores the potential for misleading interpretations from aggregated data in nonstationary ecological systems. Metareplicated analyses of local, geographically and ecologically proximal regional datasets provide an important view of spatial variation in occupancy patterns guiding conservation design and improving understanding of the drivers of biodiversity patterns and change across large regions, such as Southeast Asia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird Phylogenetic Diversity Increases With Temperature Worldwide","authors":"Pelayo Barrios,&nbsp;Carlos Martinez-Nuñez","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13930","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperature significantly influences the composition and structure of biotic communities at large scales. While its role in shaping taxonomic diversity is well-documented, its relationship with other facets of biodiversity, like phylogenetic diversity, remains poorly known. Understanding how and to which extent temperature contributes to global patterns of phylogenetic diversity compared to other biodiversity-structuring factors is crucial for comprehending how bird assemblages are structured worldwide, predicting their response to global-change drivers and supporting conservation policies focused on preserving bird genetic diversity and evolutionary history.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyse the role of temperature in predicting bird regional phylogenetic richness (PD) and divergence (MPD) worldwide, before and after controlling for the effect of species richness (SR). We also assess the shape of this relationship in different biogeographic realms and compare its explanatory power with other key biodiversity-structuring factors such as elevation, human impact index, net primary productivity and land use diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore the high significance and consistency of temperature as a key predictor positively associated with bird PD and MPD across the six main biogeographic realms, even after accounting for SR and latitude, suggesting that temperature modulates the intrinsic capacity of environments to support a diverse array of lineages. In addition, PD and MPD tended to increase at low elevations, but the human-impact index did not effectively predict bird phylogenetic diversity at this scale. Furthermore, high PD was linked to regions with high primary productivity and high land-use diversity, although both of these relationships were strongly mediated by SR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study unveils the key role of temperature in explaining bird phylogenetic diversity worldwide over other key biodiversity-structuring factors and points to the profound implications that climate change will have on the amount of evolutionary history held in bird assemblages, beyond species extinctions or range shifts alone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Variability of Degree Distribution in Marine Food Webs","authors":"Yan Xu,&nbsp;Ferenc Jordán,&nbsp;Mingliang Zhou,&nbsp;Xumeng Huo,&nbsp;Yanpeng Cai,&nbsp;Syed Aziz Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Jun Sun","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In complex networks, the degree distribution varies and provides an insight into the general structure of the system. For example, it may show scale-free characteristics of the network, indicating higher vulnerability against non-random disturbances. However, investigating its spatio-temporal variability, degree distribution in marine food webs remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we focus on describing the global variability of degree distribution in marine food webs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied 105 marine food webs. By Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and kernel density estimation, we determined the degree distribution of each food web, described its spatio-temporal pattern and quantified the correlation between relevant parameters as a function of the scale-free property of the degree distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Marine food webs around the globe did not strictly exhibit scale-free characteristics in most regions, and only below 5% of the food webs entered the “strongest fit” level of the scale-free network. We also find food webs in the polar regions indicate relatively high goodness-of-fit to scale-free networks. The upwelling ecosystem related to ocean currents is prone to form a scale-free web, which exhibits periodic scale-free characteristics. The ecosystem types with relatively ‘low fit’ levels were mainly concentrated in the ecosystems heavily influenced by human activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research will enhance the research in terms of (a) classifying degree distribution in marine food webs; (b) revealing the variability in the spatial pattern of particular distributions, for example, the scale-free characteristics and (c) exploring the distribution of in-degree in space, quantifying the proportion of generalist and specialist species, as a potential indicator of adaptive potential of ecosystems. This research contributes to our understanding of the scale-free features of marine food webs globally. It also offers a real systems-based conservation approach to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the structural vulnerability of marine ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Functional Assessment of Community Vulnerability to the Loss of Myrtaceae From Myrtle Rust","authors":"James K. McCarthy,&nbsp;Sarah J. Richardson,&nbsp;Insu Jo,&nbsp;Susan K. Wiser,&nbsp;Tomás A. Easdale,&nbsp;James D. Shepherd,&nbsp;Peter J. Bellingham","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13928","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Woody ecosystems provide critical ecosystem functions and services but are increasingly threatened as invasive pathogens spread globally. Myrtle rust, caused by <i>Austropuccinia psidii</i>, arrived in New Zealand in 2017 and infects at least 12 of 18 species in the susceptible Myrtaceae plant family. Among these are species of structural, successional and cultural importance. We aim to assess whether the functional consequences of Myrtaceae loss could be mitigated if co-occurring species with shared functional attributes are able to replace them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New Zealand (but with concepts and methodologies that apply globally).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a nationwide forest and shrubland plot data set, we assessed community vulnerability to the loss of Myrtaceae species by analysing proportional changes in average trait values when they are absent and produced spatial predictions indicating where species loss might have the greatest impact on community functionality. We then assessed whether compensatory infilling by co-occurring species would mediate community vulnerability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forests and shrublands containing <i>Kunzea ericoides</i> and <i>Leptospermum scoparium</i> are highly vulnerable to their loss. Areas most vulnerable overall are the central and south-eastern North Island, north-eastern South Island and Stewart Island. For all species, compensatory infilling moderated the impact of their loss. However, if co-occurring Myrtaceae were unable to respond, possibly if they were also infected, community vulnerability almost always increased because infilling species had different functional attributes, compounding the functional impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early successional woody plant communities and Myrtaceae-dominated old-growth forests are at most risk. Our spatial assessment of species-level functional impacts from myrtle rust will facilitate better-informed landscape-level responses. Management actions and monitoring can now be targeted to areas and communities at greatest risk of losing ecosystem-level processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}