Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Anthropogenic Pressures Lead to Different Patterns of Niche Contraction and Protected Area Cover in Three Species Procapra Gazelles on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Mongolia","authors":"Y. Zhu,&nbsp;J. A. Britnell,&nbsp;J. Shi,&nbsp;B. Buuveibaatar,&nbsp;S. Shultz","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13949","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anthropogenic threats often lead to range contraction towards the margins of a species historic niche, resulting in increased extinction risk. Here, we investigate niche characteristics of current and historic populations to evaluate changes in ‘Area of Niche’ (AON) following range loss from different levels of anthropogenic threats three congeneric Asian gazelle species are facing: Przewalski's (<i>Procapra przewalskii</i>), Tibetan (<i>P. picticaudata</i>) and Mongolian gazelles (<i>P. gutturosa</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tibet, Qinghai and Mongolia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collated range maps for historic and contemporary distributions of Przewalski's, Tibetan and Mongolian gazelles and created 3-dimensional hypervolume and convex hull niche models using environmental variables from the Worldclim dataset (v2) together with topographic information from SRTM elevation data from historic and contemporary Area of Habitat maps and evaluated changes over time. We calculated Area of Niche (AON) maps by projecting a scaled Mahalanobis distance from the historic niche centroid of each grid cell onto each species' historic range. Finally, we evaluated how the protected area network overlaps with historic niche characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The endangered Przewalski's gazelle has lost almost all its range and niche, with remaining populations at niche peripheries. In contrast, the near-threatened Tibetan and least-concern Mongolian gazelles have lost less range and niche and contracted towards their historic niche centre. Protected areas for each species were biased towards the ecological margins of their historic ranges, which can result in sub-optimal conservation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses niche modelling to evaluate changes in Area of Niche (AON) occupied by a species that has undergone range contraction. We highlight that species most affected by anthropogenic threats are most vulnerable to niche shift and contraction. These species are also vulnerable to a mismatch between the protected area network and species historic niche space. We advocate that conservation strategies should include niche dynamics as an indicator of the species risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect Effects and Context Dependency in Stream Fish Invasions","authors":"William K. Annis,&nbsp;Lily M. Thompson,&nbsp;Stephen R. Midway,&nbsp;Julian D. Olden,&nbsp;Brandon K. Peoples","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13968","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Invasion ecology is replete with a body of well-supported yet contradictory evidence for numerous invasion hypotheses, likely as a result of context dependency. Context dependency in invasion studies can arise in two ways: (1) <i>apparent</i>, when results differ between studies solely due to methodical differences, or (2) <i>mechanistic</i>, when results truly differ due to ecological processes. One form of apparent context dependency occurs when causally linked factors associated with invasion success (hereafter, <i>invasion drivers</i>) either mask or enhance each other's effect on invasion success. Mechanistic context dependency can occur when regional scale processes modify the influence of local scale invasion processes. Together, apparent and mechanistic context dependency likely give rise to conflicting support between invasion hypotheses via confounding effects of causally related invasion drivers and region-specific invasion processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2339 stream segments in two ecoregions of the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using local scale stream fish community data for two distinct ecoregions, we constructed identical path models to estimate the direct and indirect effects of invasion drivers on nonnative richness. We chose one variable to index invasion drivers from each of the following categories: propagule pressure, natural abiotic, anthropogenic abiotic and biotic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found evidence of apparent context dependency through the presence of indirect effects, in which the effects of propagule pressure and biotic factors on nonnative richness were modulated by abiotic factors. The indirect effects of invasion drivers differed between both regions, providing evidence of mechanistic context dependency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Apparent and mechanistic context dependency can lead to conflicting evidence between studies of invasion hypotheses. Accounting for indirect effects of invasion drivers is important in gaining a more general understanding of the invasion process. Furthermore, because indirect effects varied regionally, it is important to understand the large-scale processes that contextualise local invasion processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Climatic Effects on Colonisation and Extinction Drive Changes in Mountain Butterfly Communities","authors":"Guim Ursul,&nbsp;Mario Mingarro,&nbsp;Sara Castro-Cobo,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Cancela,&nbsp;Helena Romo,&nbsp;Robert J. Wilson","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13967","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The capacity of cool refugia to protect cold-adapted species against climate change may depend on both their initial climatic conditions and how quickly these change. We test how local climatic conditions influence mountain butterfly communities via their effects on colonisation and local extinction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four mountain ranges in Central Spain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used community temperature index (CTI), based on the climatic niches of constituent species (species temperature index, STI), to estimate thermal affinities for butterfly communities sampled in 1984–2005 to 2017–2022. We related CTI to local temperature, estimated using the model <i>Microclima</i>, and tested for changes to local temperature and CTI over time. We used standard deviation in CTI (CTI_SD) and species richness to detect effects of colonisation and local extinction on community change. Finally, we tested for differences in thermal affinity and thermal niche breadth (STI_SD) between species undergoing local extinction or colonisation at each site.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CTI was positively related to local temperature in both periods. However, there were regional differences in rates of change in CTI and local temperature. CTI increased overall, even though temperatures decreased at many sites; and CTI increases were greatest in historically cool sites. Neither CTI_SD nor species richness changed overall, suggesting that communities experienced equivalent numbers of colonisations and extinctions. Colonising species had warmer thermal affinities than those undergoing local extinction, and species with broader thermal niches increased their occupancy most over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Local climatic conditions influenced changes to community composition based on species thermal tolerances, resulting in the loss of communities where cool-affinity species predominated, and a narrower range of community thermal affinities overall. Our results suggest that a regional perspective to identifying climate change refugia is needed to provide a wide range of local climate conditions and rates of change to help adapt conservation to climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting Wildlife Restoration in Eastern States via State Wildlife Action Plans","authors":"L. Mark Elbroch,&nbsp;John A. Vucetich,&nbsp;Christa Rose,&nbsp;Jeremy T. Bruskotter","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13971","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biodiversity crisis is driven by extinction at two scales: the global extinction of species and the local extirpation of populations (i.e., range contraction). Local extirpations are especially acute in the eastern United States, which has lost a substantial portion of its native mammalian fauna. Species restoration in the U.S., therefore, should be utilised more to revitalise and restore degraded systems. State wildlife agencies can elevate discussions about species restoration and facilitate internal capacity to conduct restoration projects by including locally extirpated species in State Wildlife Action Plans, which are currently under revision, and will guide state conservation programs for the next 10 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Delimitation of Evolutionary Significant Units Reveals Hidden Geographic Drivers of Extinction Risk Within Island Arthropods","authors":"Eduardo Jiménez-García,&nbsp;Daniel Suárez,&nbsp;Carmelo Andújar,&nbsp;Heriberto López,&nbsp;Brent C. Emerson","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13966","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Globally, arthropod biodiversity is under threat, with increased risk of species-level extinctions, and this threat is particularly acute on oceanic islands. A fundamental first step towards understanding extinction risk is to understand genetic connectivity among the constituent populations of a species. Our aim is to develop and implement a protocol to characterise genetic connectivity among island populations within arthropod species to reveal otherwise hidden range size drivers of extinction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Canary Islands, Spain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We implement a protocol based on mtDNA sequence data for the delimitation of evolutionary significant units (ESUs) to evaluate extinction risk among species of beetle and spider distributed across multiple islands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results reveal that more than half of the species analysed are comprised of two or more ESUs. We also find that low dispersal ability was a significant predictor of ESUs within species of Coleoptera, but with no significant difference for Araneae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most ESUs are consistent with early stage differentiation or incipient speciation, with some exceeding a conservative interspecific threshold, thus indicative of cryptic species. We suggest that extending our approach with the integration of other species-level traits may provide for a more refined predictive framework for understanding extinction risks across island arthropod species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When One Global Invasion Hides Another—Cryptic Interspecific Invasion in Freshwater Gastropods","authors":"Christian Albrecht,&nbsp;Catharina Clewing,&nbsp;Hanno Seebens,&nbsp;Fred D. Chibwana,&nbsp;Edson Lourenço Da Silva,&nbsp;Manuella F. Leal,&nbsp;Roger Lingofo Bolaya,&nbsp;Ristiyanti M. Marwoto,&nbsp;Alexander Odaibo,&nbsp;Tamaris G. Pinheiro,&nbsp;Michael O. Popoola,&nbsp;Frank Riedel,&nbsp;Björn Stelbrink","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13958","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cryptic invasions are an understudied phenomenon among species invasions, especially in freshwater invertebrates. We study the gastropod family Physidae, including the global invaders &lt;i&gt;Physella acuta&lt;/i&gt; and several enigmatic &lt;i&gt;Stenophysa&lt;/i&gt; species, their phylogenetic relationships and the presence of native species among African Physidae. We infer distribution pattern, colonisation history and invasion ecology across Africa. Finally, we reconstruct the colonisation pathways and their timing into, across (and out of) Africa and model future dispersal.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global, with a focus on Africa and Indian Ocean islands.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Based on extensive sampling, multi-gene phylogenetic, phylogeographic and ecological analyses, including species distribution modelling, we here examine Physidae globally.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The Physidae probably originated in the Lower Cretaceous. A robust phylogeny showed four strongly supported genus-level clades corresponding to &lt;i&gt;Physella&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Physa&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Stenophysa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Aplexa&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Physella acuta&lt;/i&gt; thrives in continental African countries and Indian Ocean islands. The African continent was colonised at least six times independently.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;For &lt;i&gt;Stenophysa&lt;/i&gt;, the phylogeny suggests two independent transoceanic dispersal events into Africa and the Indian Ocean islands. &lt;i&gt;Physella acuta&lt;/i&gt; occurs not only in artificial or highly disturbed habitats but also in large natural lakes. &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;tenophysa&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;marmorata&lt;/i&gt; is ecologically flexible. The SDM for &lt;i&gt;S. marmorata&lt;/i&gt; based on the selected climate variables predicted high probabilities of future occurrence in equatorial Africa and regions in the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, New Guinea and eastern Australia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Physidae contains examples of both intraspecific cryptic and interspecific cryptic invasions, with an intraspecific invasion of &lt;i&gt;Physella acuta&lt;/i&gt; and a prime example of an interspecific cryptic invasion of &lt;i&gt;Stenophysa&lt;/i&gt; spp. This study highlights the importance of cryptic invasions in freshwaters and also calls for their management. &lt;i&gt;Stenophysa&lt;/i&gt; is likely to become pan-tropical in the future. Physidae are an excellent model to study differential patterns and processes of intra- versus interspecific invasions","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation Biogeography of Mountain Vipers: A Phylogenetic Niche Modelling Approach","authors":"Mohsen Ahmadi,&nbsp;Mahmoud-Reza Hemami,&nbsp;Mohammad Kaboli,&nbsp;Somayeh Ghane-Ameleh,&nbsp;Mansoureh Malekian","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13955","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mountain vipers belonging to the <i>Montivipera</i> genus represent a fascinating example of neo-endemism found in the high plateaus of Iran, Anatolia and the Caucasus. Given the conservation challenges faced by these species, it is crucial to understand their phylogenetic relationships and suitable habitats in order to implement effective conservation strategies. In this study, we integrated phylogeny and Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) techniques to investigate the conservation biogeography of mountain vipers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Irano-Anatolian, Caucasus and Levant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We first reconstructed phylogenetic tree of the species, and then, by using a set of occurrence records of the identified clades and environmental variables we modelled ecological niche of the species using the MaxEnt model and PCA-env analysis. Finally, we conducted a gap analysis to assess the conservation status of the species, taking into account their representation within Protected Areas (PAs) in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed a well-resolved phylogenetic divergence of the species into three main clades and 12 lineages, which corresponded to their geographic distribution. Results of the MaxEnt model showed excellent predictive performance (AUC &gt; 0.9 and TSS &gt; 0.8) for all species. Both ENM analyses demonstrated varying levels of ecological niche conservatism, divergence and convergence across environmental gradients. The gap analysis showed a better representation of mountain vipers within Iran's PAs (20.3% overlap), particularly compared to those in Turkey (2.9%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We designate mountain vipers as phylogeographic focal species due to their isolated distribution in the region's mountains and the significant overlap of their suitable habitats with paleontological refugia. We emphasise their significance in promoting PAs and prioritising conservation efforts for the region's biota.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodolith Beds in Brazil—A Natural Heritage in Need of Conservation","authors":"Nadine Schubert,&nbsp;Rafael A. Magris,&nbsp;Flávio Berchez,&nbsp;Angelo F. Bernardino,&nbsp;Carlos E. L. Ferreira,&nbsp;Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho,&nbsp;Tainá L. Gaspar,&nbsp;Guilherme H. Pereira-Filho,&nbsp;Sergio Rossi,&nbsp;João Silva,&nbsp;Marina N. Sissini,&nbsp;Marcelo O. Soares,&nbsp;Frederico T. S. Tâmega,&nbsp;Fernando Tuya,&nbsp;Paulo A. Horta","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13960","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brazil harbours the largest known extent of rhodolith beds (RBs) in the world, a habitat whose ecological and economic importance have been widely overlooked. This creates a dire situation that is likely to worsen with the rapidly expanding human activities, considering that less than 5% of Brazil's ocean area is fully protected. We assessed the importance of Brazilian RBs for supporting biodiversity, at a country-wide level, and identified multi-criteria hotspots that, in face of lack of protection and presence of anthropogenic threats, could safeguard conservation seascapes across Southwestern Atlantic waters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a systematic review of studies on Brazilian RBs to retrieve information regarding their spatial distribution and associated biodiversity. Multi-criteria hotspots were identified based on the areas where high species diversity co-occurs with a high presence of endemic, threatened and commercially important species. Furthermore, we assessed how well RBs are covered by marine protected areas (MPAs), as well as their spatial overlap with multiple threats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Existing records for Brazilian RBs indicate &gt; 1000 different species, mostly fish and algae, including significant numbers of endemic, threatened and commercially important species. Most of the RBs are either unprotected or only partially protected, including the majority of the biodiversity hotspots identified by our analysis. Among the main potential threats to RBs, bottom trawling ranks highest, while the expansion of seabed mining and oil and gas activities may sharply increase the risk of cumulative impacts on RBs in the near future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our large-scale quantitative assessment confirms the significant role of RBs as biodiversity hotspots. This information could be leveraged to help meet the twin goals of RB conservation, through the establishment of highly-protected MPAs in hotspot areas, and their sustainable use through an ecosystem-based approach that accounts for vulnerabilities of RBs to multiple threats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait-Based Indicators of Marine Communities' Sensitivity to Climate Change and Fishing","authors":"Julia Polo,&nbsp;Lucía López-López,&nbsp;Georg H. Engelhard,&nbsp;Antonio Punzón,&nbsp;Manuel Hidalgo,&nbsp;Louise A. Rutterford,&nbsp;Marta Sainz Bariáin,&nbsp;José Manuel González-Irusta,&nbsp;Antonio Esteban,&nbsp;Encarnación García,&nbsp;Miguel Vivas,&nbsp;Laurene Pecuchet","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13959","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Overexploitation of wildlife and anthropogenic climate change are key drivers of global biodiversity loss. Investigating how these stressors interact and affect ecosystems is critical for conservation efforts. Following trait-based vulnerability assessments, we propose two community-level sensitivity indicators: climate change (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;) and fishing pressure (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cantabrian and Spanish Mediterranean Sea.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Both indicators were calculated for 246 fish and megabenthos species, sampled during 1994–2019 in two areas with contrasting levels of warming and fishing pressure. Indicator calculation was based on traits that, according to existing evidence, can be linked to (1) sensitivity to climate change (scored as &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;) and (2) sensitivity to fishing pressure (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt;). Using each species' sensitivity scores, and abundance data from the surveys, we explored whether these areas' community-level sensitivity has changed spatiotemporally in line with the expected functional responses to these predominant pressures.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Although both regions have warmed, the Spanish Mediterranean is far more so. Its community-level S&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt; has decreased, reflecting a shift in composition from warm-sensitive to warm-affinity species. In contrast, sensitivity dynamics in the Cantabrian Sea varied, with warm-sensitive species increasing in deeper areas and decreasing towards the inner Bay of Biscay. Decreasing fishing pressure in both regions paralleled an increase in sensitivity in the Cantabrian Sea, particularly among slow-reproducing, longer-lived species. The Spanish Mediterranean, however, showed a relative loss of fishing-sensitive, long-lived species and both cases showed spatial heterogeneity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Associations are revealed between &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt;, and climate change and fishing, respectively. We conclude that &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt; are valuable indicators of the community-level sensitivities to these two pressures, and we discuss the limitations and assumptions that underly this and other trait-based approaches. We recommend wider usage of this kind of indicators, which could be applied globally to understand risks of marine communi","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidimensional assessment of Antarctic terrestrial biological data","authors":"Charlotte R. Patterson,&nbsp;Kate J. Helmstedt,&nbsp;Aleks Terauds,&nbsp;Justine D. Shaw","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The globally significant communities of terrestrial Antarctica face an uncertain future amid growing threats in the region. Emerging data-driven approaches must be leveraged to predict and understand patterns of biodiversity across the continent. A new comprehensive database of Antarctic biological occurrence records, the Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database, will enable such novel fundamental and applied biodiversity modelling. However, there are limitations of assembled occurrence databases that, if unaccounted for, can result in poor model inference and outcomes. We perform a data quality assessment of the new database to highlight its potential and to identify data limitations that must be considered during modelling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antarctica.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the coverage of the Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database across geographic, environmental, taxonomic, and temporal dimensions at several spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate great potential for the database to improve our understanding of many at risk and poorly known Antarctic functional groups. We also provide evidence for limitations of the database across data dimensions, including low geographic coverage that is biased towards research stations, poor coverage of environmental variation across the landscape, and long periods since records were last collected. The magnitude of these limitations varies substantially by region and spatial scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In combination, data limitations have a range of implications for terrestrial Antarctic modelling, including heightening the risk of model extrapolation. For future use, we recommend prioritising, mitigating, and presenting context-specific model uncertainty, advancing strategic data collection, and exploiting shared modelling challenges elsewhere in the world to maximise the opportunities for this unique dataset to robustly advance science and conservation in Antarctica.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}