Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Rhodolith Beds in Brazil—A Natural Heritage in Need of Conservation","authors":"Nadine Schubert,&nbsp;Rafael A. Magris,&nbsp;Flávio Berchez,&nbsp;Angelo F. Bernardino,&nbsp;Carlos E. L. Ferreira,&nbsp;Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho,&nbsp;Tainá L. Gaspar,&nbsp;Guilherme H. Pereira-Filho,&nbsp;Sergio Rossi,&nbsp;João Silva,&nbsp;Marina N. Sissini,&nbsp;Marcelo O. Soares,&nbsp;Frederico T. S. Tâmega,&nbsp;Fernando Tuya,&nbsp;Paulo A. Horta","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13960","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brazil harbours the largest known extent of rhodolith beds (RBs) in the world, a habitat whose ecological and economic importance have been widely overlooked. This creates a dire situation that is likely to worsen with the rapidly expanding human activities, considering that less than 5% of Brazil's ocean area is fully protected. We assessed the importance of Brazilian RBs for supporting biodiversity, at a country-wide level, and identified multi-criteria hotspots that, in face of lack of protection and presence of anthropogenic threats, could safeguard conservation seascapes across Southwestern Atlantic waters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a systematic review of studies on Brazilian RBs to retrieve information regarding their spatial distribution and associated biodiversity. Multi-criteria hotspots were identified based on the areas where high species diversity co-occurs with a high presence of endemic, threatened and commercially important species. Furthermore, we assessed how well RBs are covered by marine protected areas (MPAs), as well as their spatial overlap with multiple threats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Existing records for Brazilian RBs indicate &gt; 1000 different species, mostly fish and algae, including significant numbers of endemic, threatened and commercially important species. Most of the RBs are either unprotected or only partially protected, including the majority of the biodiversity hotspots identified by our analysis. Among the main potential threats to RBs, bottom trawling ranks highest, while the expansion of seabed mining and oil and gas activities may sharply increase the risk of cumulative impacts on RBs in the near future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our large-scale quantitative assessment confirms the significant role of RBs as biodiversity hotspots. This information could be leveraged to help meet the twin goals of RB conservation, through the establishment of highly-protected MPAs in hotspot areas, and their sustainable use through an ecosystem-based approach that accounts for vulnerabilities of RBs to multiple threats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait-Based Indicators of Marine Communities' Sensitivity to Climate Change and Fishing","authors":"Julia Polo,&nbsp;Lucía López-López,&nbsp;Georg H. Engelhard,&nbsp;Antonio Punzón,&nbsp;Manuel Hidalgo,&nbsp;Louise A. Rutterford,&nbsp;Marta Sainz Bariáin,&nbsp;José Manuel González-Irusta,&nbsp;Antonio Esteban,&nbsp;Encarnación García,&nbsp;Miguel Vivas,&nbsp;Laurene Pecuchet","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13959","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Overexploitation of wildlife and anthropogenic climate change are key drivers of global biodiversity loss. Investigating how these stressors interact and affect ecosystems is critical for conservation efforts. Following trait-based vulnerability assessments, we propose two community-level sensitivity indicators: climate change (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;) and fishing pressure (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cantabrian and Spanish Mediterranean Sea.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Both indicators were calculated for 246 fish and megabenthos species, sampled during 1994–2019 in two areas with contrasting levels of warming and fishing pressure. Indicator calculation was based on traits that, according to existing evidence, can be linked to (1) sensitivity to climate change (scored as &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt;) and (2) sensitivity to fishing pressure (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt;). Using each species' sensitivity scores, and abundance data from the surveys, we explored whether these areas' community-level sensitivity has changed spatiotemporally in line with the expected functional responses to these predominant pressures.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Although both regions have warmed, the Spanish Mediterranean is far more so. Its community-level S&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt; has decreased, reflecting a shift in composition from warm-sensitive to warm-affinity species. In contrast, sensitivity dynamics in the Cantabrian Sea varied, with warm-sensitive species increasing in deeper areas and decreasing towards the inner Bay of Biscay. Decreasing fishing pressure in both regions paralleled an increase in sensitivity in the Cantabrian Sea, particularly among slow-reproducing, longer-lived species. The Spanish Mediterranean, however, showed a relative loss of fishing-sensitive, long-lived species and both cases showed spatial heterogeneity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Associations are revealed between &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt;, and climate change and fishing, respectively. We conclude that &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;CC&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FP&lt;/sub&gt; are valuable indicators of the community-level sensitivities to these two pressures, and we discuss the limitations and assumptions that underly this and other trait-based approaches. We recommend wider usage of this kind of indicators, which could be applied globally to understand risks of marine communi","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidimensional assessment of Antarctic terrestrial biological data","authors":"Charlotte R. Patterson,&nbsp;Kate J. Helmstedt,&nbsp;Aleks Terauds,&nbsp;Justine D. Shaw","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The globally significant communities of terrestrial Antarctica face an uncertain future amid growing threats in the region. Emerging data-driven approaches must be leveraged to predict and understand patterns of biodiversity across the continent. A new comprehensive database of Antarctic biological occurrence records, the Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database, will enable such novel fundamental and applied biodiversity modelling. However, there are limitations of assembled occurrence databases that, if unaccounted for, can result in poor model inference and outcomes. We perform a data quality assessment of the new database to highlight its potential and to identify data limitations that must be considered during modelling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antarctica.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the coverage of the Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database across geographic, environmental, taxonomic, and temporal dimensions at several spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate great potential for the database to improve our understanding of many at risk and poorly known Antarctic functional groups. We also provide evidence for limitations of the database across data dimensions, including low geographic coverage that is biased towards research stations, poor coverage of environmental variation across the landscape, and long periods since records were last collected. The magnitude of these limitations varies substantially by region and spatial scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In combination, data limitations have a range of implications for terrestrial Antarctic modelling, including heightening the risk of model extrapolation. For future use, we recommend prioritising, mitigating, and presenting context-specific model uncertainty, advancing strategic data collection, and exploiting shared modelling challenges elsewhere in the world to maximise the opportunities for this unique dataset to robustly advance science and conservation in Antarctica.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Richness of Invasive Non-Native Plants in New Zealand Indigenous Forests May Not Reflect Low Impact","authors":"Laureline Rossignaud,&nbsp;Philip E. Hulme","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13965","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Identifying habitats vulnerable to plant invasions is essential for developing efficient management programmes. We assessed trends in richness and cover of non-native plants in indigenous shrublands and forests across New Zealand. We investigated whether species classed as invasive species exhibited higher levels of plant invasion than naturalised species and the extent to which this reflected plant life form.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;New Zealand.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;From January 2009 to March 2014.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Plant.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We analysed 839 permanent 20 × 20 m plots spread across New Zealand that could be classified to a recognised forest type: mānuka-kānuka shrubland, beech, beech-broadleaved, beech-broadleaved-podocarp and broadleaved-podocarp forests. Generalised additive models were run with native canopy richness or cover and spatial coordinates as co-variables in order to compare non-native plant richness and cover across forest types in relation to their invasive status and growth form.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Overall, 35% of the plots had at least one non-native species. Mānuka-kānuka shrubland exhibited the highest mean non-native richness (11 species) and cover (32%) with broadleaved-podocarp forest presenting the next highest invasion level but to a much lesser extent (1.7 species and 3% cover). Despite presenting overall greater non-native richness, naturalised species had lower cover than invasive species (4.2%, 13.5%, respectively). This pattern was mainly related to non-native woody species that, despite their low richness, can reach greater cover than herbaceous species once established.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Despite half the New Zealand flora being composed of non-native plant species, relatively few were found in forest habitats. However, indigenous shrubland and early successional forests showed higher vulnerability to plant invasion. Woody species, which are overrepresented among invasive species, had higher cover than herbaceous species and were less limited by native canopy cover. Such findings highlight th","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Drivers of Shrubland Biomass in Southern California","authors":"Emma C. Underwood,&nbsp;Nicole A. Molinari,&nbsp;Charlie C. Schrader-Patton,&nbsp;Josephine Lesage,&nbsp;Paul Excoffier","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13964","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The drivers of shrubland biomass in the Mediterranean-Climate Region of southern California are not well understood. We aim to fill a critical information gap for resource managers of shrub-dominated landscapes who need to estimate shrub recovery post-fire, track and monitor carbon storage and sequestration, and determine the tradeoff in restoration goals between prioritising carbon storage and species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southern California, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from 143 field plots located in 11 fire scars (ranging from 1 to 12 years old), we used Linear Mixed Models to assess the contribution of temporal and environmental variables, along with post-fire regeneration strategies of shrub species to explain patterns of aboveground shrub biomass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified four key findings: (1) shrub biomass increased with time since last fire and the proportion of resprouting species, and decreased with distance to coast and solar radiation; (2) species with the ability to resprout (obligate resprouter and facultative seeders) contributed greater biomass at all post-fire time periods and locations when compared with obligate seeders; (3) we found higher average biomass contributed by both obligate seeder and obligate resprouter species in plots closer to the coast than interior plots; and (4) fourth, we found a significant positive relationship between woody shrub species richness and biomass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this study of biomass at a regional scale and using shrublands of multiple stand ages can help support natural resource management decision-making for shrub-dominated landscapes—including estimating biomass recovery post-fire, quantifying carbon storage and setting goals for shrubland restoration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13879","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image relates to the Research Article https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13912 “A race against extinction: The challenge to overcome the Linnean amphibian shortfall in tropical biodiversity hotspots” by Carné et al. A Malagasy treefrog from the genus <i>Boophis</i> (<i>B. aff. madagascariensis</i>) recorded in Marojejy National Park, Northern Madagascar. Image Credit: Albert Carné.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement Ecology of a Coastal Foundation Seagrass Species: Insights From Genetic Data and Oceanographic Modelling","authors":"Miriam Ruocco,&nbsp;Guglielmo Lacorata,&nbsp;Luigi Palatella,&nbsp;Isabella Provera,&nbsp;Arturo Zenone,&nbsp;Marco Martinez,&nbsp;Emanuela Dattolo,&nbsp;Jessica Pazzaglia,&nbsp;Vincenzo Maximiliano Giacalone,&nbsp;Fabio Badalamenti,&nbsp;Gabriele Procaccini","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13944","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed dispersal plays a key role in shaping the distribution and genetic complexity of seagrass populations and affects their resilience capacity under disturbance. The endemic seagrass <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> is a key component of Mediterranean coastal ecosystems, but knowledge about movement ecology in this species is limited, especially regarding seed movement pathways and dispersal potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Western coast of Sicily (central Mediterranean).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Beach-cast fruits of the Mediterranean seagrass <i>P. oceanica</i> were collected from nine localities along the Western coast of Sicily, along with adult shoots from eight putative donor meadows. We determined pair-wise genetic differentiation between established meadows and seed cohorts. Genetic assignment tests were used to infer the most likely meadow of origin of individual seeds and were complemented with forward and backward Lagrangian simulations of dispersal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant genetic differentiation was found between seed pools and the most-likely meadow of origin. The genetic assignment confirmed that seeds from the same cohort originated from multiple meadows and emphasised the presence of long-distance-dispersal (LDD) events (up to hundreds of km). Genetic connectivity appeared to be greater than that predicted by oceanographic simulations, which may reflect the longer temporal scales on which gene flow is shaped, in contrast to contemporary dispersal patterns. Lagrangian simulations highlighted that fruits were physically capable of dispersing beyond the study area and that the north Tunisian coast could be a key source of propagules for the populations studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study represents a significant step forward in the understanding of <i>P. oceanica</i> movement ecology and could guide meadows' conservation and restoration actions. Our findings are significant in a broader context outside of the research area and could be the basis of similar studies in other regions, especially considering the increasing number of fruiting events recorded across the Mediterranean likely associated with ocean warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Bird Atlas and Contemporary Citizen Science Data Reveal Long-Term Changes in Geographic Range of Kenyan Birds","authors":"Raphaël Nussbaumer,&nbsp;Améline Nussbaumer,&nbsp;Samuel Guchu,&nbsp;Richard Stratton Hatfield,&nbsp;Erustus M. Kanga,&nbsp;Gladys Nyakeru Kung'u,&nbsp;Anthony Kuria,&nbsp;Eliot Miller,&nbsp;Paul Kariuki Ndang'ang'a,&nbsp;Peter Njoroge,&nbsp;Darcy Ogada,&nbsp;Sidney Shema,&nbsp;Colin Jackson","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13935","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Historical bird atlases provide comprehensive datasets for investigating long-term changes in species' distribution. In the context of accelerating biodiversity loss, these datasets can lend critical insights into the state of bird distributions across broad spatio-temporal scales and provide much-needed information for impactful conservation. In Africa, the potential of atlas data to understand changes in avian populations remains largely untapped.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study mapped changes in national distribution patterns of 1088 bird species found in Kenya.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tapping into one of the earliest atlas databases, this study compared Kenyan bird atlas data collected between 1970 and 1984 with recent citizen science data sourced from the Kenya Bird Map project and eBird to determine changes in ranges across 50 years. We produced maps displaying, for every 27 × 27 km square of the country, whether a species appeared, was present throughout both periods, or disappeared. We account for the change in data collection effort between the two periods by quantifying the confidence of the change for each square.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The maps produced for each species are publicly accessible through an interactive website: https://kenyabirdtrends.co.ke/. We found that related species tended to experience similar changes in their distribution ranges. The ranges of Palearctic migrants and scavengers declined drastically, while introduced birds experienced a significant range increase over the past 50 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates the potential of integrating recent citizen science data with historical atlas data to draw out the changes in range for all species at national level. The range contraction of Palearctic migrants and scavengers echoed corresponding drops in abundance at local, regional and global scales. These findings lend additional weight to the need for an increased conservation focus on migratory and scavenging birds in Kenya.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Synthesis of Threats Impacting Australian Threatened Ecological Communities","authors":"Javiera P. Olivares-Rojas,&nbsp;Carly N. Cook,&nbsp;David H. Duncan,&nbsp;Jessica C. Walsh","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13929","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effective strategies to mitigate threats are crucial to ensure the persistence of biodiversity. In contrast to the decades of research on threatened species in Australia, threatened ecological communities (TECs) have historically received less attention. In particular, there is no synthesis of the threats impacting ecological communities, limiting our ability to coordinate and prioritise management towards recovery. In this study, we aimed to: (1) compile and summarise the threats to Australian TECs to identify the most prevalent causes of decline and (2) identify common management strategies for TEC recovery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a content analysis to extract and categorise data on threats for 103 TECs to develop the first national threats database along with a standardised classification scheme. We summarised the broad and specific threats impacting TECs and translated recovery needs of TECs into threat abatement strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most Australian TECs are threatened by multiple and diverse threats (an average of 14.4 threats per TEC). These spanned 49 threats (e.g., nutrient loads), categorised into eight broad-level threats (e.g., pollution). The most prevalent broad-level threats are ‘Invasive species and disease’ and ‘Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation’, each impacting at least 98% of TECs. Almost all TECs would benefit from threat mitigation strategies such as habitat restoration, invasive weed management and ecological fire regime management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, the threats database we developed can be used to inform conservation planning and effective threat abatement strategies tailored to the recovery of TECs at local, regional and national scales. It will also facilitate integrated analyses of threats and conservation actions between TECs and threatened species to increase management efficiencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macro-evolutionary dynamics dominated by dispersal promote the formation of regional biodiversity hotspot-insights from hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in South China","authors":"Ying Wang,&nbsp;Cai-qing Yang,&nbsp;Yu-xuan Zheng,&nbsp;Meng-di Hao,&nbsp;Chao-dong Zhu,&nbsp;Michael C. Orr,&nbsp;Ai-bing Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rapid loss in global insect diversity has generated substantial public worry due to their critical ecological roles. However, there is controversy about the effectiveness of the global-scale hotspots in guiding the conservation of diversity at the regional scale. Even worse, little is known about the knowledge of insect distributional dynamics in many understudied regions, such as East and Southeast Asia. Here, to guide for setting regional-scale conservation priorities for insect diversity, we explore hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) for their distributional dynamics and identify regional hotspots requiring protection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>South China (including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong and Macau) and northern Vietnam (17°~26.5° N, 102°~117.5° E).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species distribution models were generated for 194 hawkmoth species based on 3597 occurrence records to predict their distributions. We calculated the spatial patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and identified regional hotspots. Furthermore, the potential assembly mechanisms underlying insect diversity were explored by analysing the rates of speciation, extinction and dispersal between phyloregions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>(a) The coastal regions of South China and northern Vietnam represent a regional hotspot of hawkmoths in East and Southeast Asia, with significantly higher α-diversity than that in inland regions. (b) Dispersal played a more important role than local speciation and extinction in the formation of regional hawkmoth hotspots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, the ‘Out-of-the-tropics model’ can explain the formation of the hawkmoth regional hotspots and the enhanced version of the ‘Pure dispersal model’ can explain the formation of the hotspots in Hainan Island. Compared with the local speciation and extinction, dispersal is the main driving factor that promoted the formation of the regional biodiversity hotspot of hawkmoths in South China. The case of Hainan Island suggests that protection within hotspots needs to account for specific regional macro-evolutionary dynamics rather than indiscriminate coverage of identified hotspots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}