Local Climatic Effects on Colonisation and Extinction Drive Changes in Mountain Butterfly Communities

IF 4.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI:10.1111/ddi.13967

Guim Ursul, Mario Mingarro, Sara Castro-Cobo, Juan Pablo Cancela, Helena Romo, Robert J. Wilson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

The capacity of cool refugia to protect cold-adapted species against climate change may depend on both their initial climatic conditions and how quickly these change. We test how local climatic conditions influence mountain butterfly communities via their effects on colonisation and local extinction.

Location

Four mountain ranges in Central Spain.

Methods

We used community temperature index (CTI), based on the climatic niches of constituent species (species temperature index, STI), to estimate thermal affinities for butterfly communities sampled in 1984–2005 to 2017–2022. We related CTI to local temperature, estimated using the model Microclima, and tested for changes to local temperature and CTI over time. We used standard deviation in CTI (CTI_SD) and species richness to detect effects of colonisation and local extinction on community change. Finally, we tested for differences in thermal affinity and thermal niche breadth (STI_SD) between species undergoing local extinction or colonisation at each site.

Results

CTI was positively related to local temperature in both periods. However, there were regional differences in rates of change in CTI and local temperature. CTI increased overall, even though temperatures decreased at many sites; and CTI increases were greatest in historically cool sites. Neither CTI_SD nor species richness changed overall, suggesting that communities experienced equivalent numbers of colonisations and extinctions. Colonising species had warmer thermal affinities than those undergoing local extinction, and species with broader thermal niches increased their occupancy most over time.

Main Conclusions

Local climatic conditions influenced changes to community composition based on species thermal tolerances, resulting in the loss of communities where cool-affinity species predominated, and a narrower range of community thermal affinities overall. Our results suggest that a regional perspective to identifying climate change refugia is needed to provide a wide range of local climate conditions and rates of change to help adapt conservation to climate change.

Abstract Image

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目的低温避难所保护适应寒冷的物种抵御气候变化的能力可能取决于其初始气候条件以及这些条件变化的速度。我们测试了当地气候条件如何通过对殖民化和当地灭绝的影响来影响山区蝴蝶群落。地点西班牙中部的四个山脉。方法我们使用群落温度指数（CTI），基于组成物种的气候龛位（物种温度指数，STI），估算 1984-2005 年至 2017-2022 年采样的蝴蝶群落的热亲和性。我们将 CTI 与使用 Microclima 模型估算的当地温度联系起来，并检验了当地温度和 CTI 随时间的变化。我们使用 CTI 的标准偏差（CTISD）和物种丰富度来检测殖民化和当地物种灭绝对群落变化的影响。最后，我们检测了每个地点发生局部灭绝或殖民的物种之间在热亲和性和热生态位广度（STISD）方面的差异。结果在这两个时期，CTI 均与当地温度呈正相关。但是，CTI和当地温度的变化率存在地区差异。尽管许多地点的气温有所下降，但 CTI 总体上却有所上升；在历史上气温较低的地点，CTI 的上升幅度最大。CTISD和物种丰富度总体上都没有变化，这表明群落经历了同等数量的殖入和灭绝。与在当地灭绝的物种相比，移居物种的热亲和力更强，热生态位更广的物种的占有率随着时间的推移增加最多。主要结论当地气候条件影响了基于物种热耐受性的群落组成变化，导致冷亲和物种占优势的群落消失，群落热亲和性的总体范围变窄。我们的研究结果表明，需要从区域角度来确定气候变化避难所，以提供广泛的当地气候条件和变化率，帮助保护工作适应气候变化。

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来源期刊

Diversity and Distributions 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

4.30%

发文量

195

审稿时长

8-16 weeks

期刊介绍： Diversity and Distributions is a journal of conservation biogeography. We publish papers that deal with the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses (being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa and assemblages) to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. We no longer consider papers the sole aim of which is to describe or analyze patterns of biodiversity or to elucidate processes that generate biodiversity.