{"title":"The Influence of Environmental Temperature on the Passive Oxidation Process in the C/SiC Composite","authors":"Qingyong Zhu, Haixin Jie, Shun Lu, Zhihui Li","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040192","url":null,"abstract":"The C/SiC composite plays a crucial role in providing thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles. The SiO2 oxide layer formed via passive oxidation during ablation constitutes a typical porous medium with self-similarity. Given its significant impact on the thermal protection of the material, accurately predicting the variation in the SiO2 oxide layer thickness is of paramount importance. The growth of the oxide layer impedes the diffusion of oxygen within the material. This study considered microstructural parameters of the oxide layer based on high-temperature gas oxidation tests of the C/SiC composite. Fractal theory was utilized to construct a fractal diffusion-reaction kinetics model describing oxygen diffusion within the oxide layer and the evolution of the oxide layer under varying environmental conditions. The finding demonstrated that the existence of the oxide layer significantly influences the passive oxidation of the composite. This study underscored the significance of predicting the impact of environmental parameters on passive oxidation in the practical application of the C/SiC composite and the study result offers a valuable reference for evaluating the thermal resistance of the C/SiC composite.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bifurcation Exploration and Controller Design in a Fractional Oxygen–Plankton Model with Delay","authors":"Yunzhang Zhang, Changjin Xu","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040190","url":null,"abstract":"Fractional-order differential equations have been proved to have great practical application value in characterizing the dynamical peculiarity in biology. In this article, relying on earlier work, we formulate a new fractional oxygen–plankton model with delay. First of all, the features of the solutions of the fractional delayed oxygen–plankton model are explored. The judgment rules on non-negativeness, existence and uniqueness and the boundedness of the solution are established. Subsequently, the generation of bifurcation and stability of the model are dealt with. Delay-independent parameter criteria on bifurcation and stability are presented. Thirdly, a hybrid controller and an extended hybrid controller are designed to control the time of onset of bifurcation and stability domain of this model. The critical delay value is provided to display the bifurcation point. Last, software experiments are offered to support the acquired key outcomes. The established outcomes of this article are perfectly innovative and provide tremendous theoretical significance in balancing the oxygen density and the phytoplankton density in biology.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"5 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Solvability of a Singular Time Fractional Parabolic Equation with Non Classical Boundary Conditions","authors":"Eman Alhazzani, S. Mesloub, H. E. Gadain","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040189","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a singular two dimensional initial boundary value problem for a Caputo time fractional parabolic equation supplemented by Neumann and non-local boundary conditions. The well posedness of the posed problem is demonstrated in a fractional weighted Sobolev space. The used method based on some functional analysis tools has been successfully showed its efficiency in proving the existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution upon the given data of the considered problem. More precisely, for proving the uniqueness of the solution of the posed problem, we established an energy inequality for the solution from which we deduce the uniqueness. For the existence, we proved that the range of the operator generated by the considered problem is dense.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"113 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Sign-Changing Solution for Fractional (p,q)-Laplacian Problems Involving Supercritical Exponent","authors":"Jianwen Zhou, Chengwen Gong, Wenbo Wang","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040186","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider the following fractional (p,q)-Laplacian problem (−Δ)ps1u+(−Δ)qs2u+V(x)(|u|p−2u+|u|q−2u)=f(u)+λ|u|r−2u, where x∈RN, (−Δ)ps1 is the fractional p-Laplacian operator ((−Δ)qs2 is similar), 0<s1<s2<1<p<q<Ns2, qs2*=NqN−s2q, r≥qs2*, f is a C1 real function and V is a coercive function. By using variational methods, we prove that the above problem admits a sign-changing solution if λ>0 is small.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Terminal Sliding-Mode Synchronization Control with Chattering Elimination for a Fractional-Order Chaotic System","authors":"Chenhui Wang","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040188","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an adaptive terminal sliding-mode control (ATSMC) method is proposed for the synchronization of uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems with disturbances. According to the sliding-mode control theory, a non-singular sliding surface is constructed. To overcome the chattering problem of ATSMC, a smooth term is used in the controller. In order to reduce the estimation error of an uncertain parameter, adaptive laws are designed to adjust the amplitude of the continuous function. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, a stability analysis of the error system is performed to ensure that the tracking error eventually converges to the origin. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy are verified using the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" June","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mseddi, Ahmed Abid, O. Naifar, Mohamed Rhaima, A. Ben Makhlouf, Lassaad Mchiri
{"title":"Investigation of the Robust Fractional Order Control Approach Associated with the Online Analytic Unity Magnitude Shaper: The Case of Wind Energy Systems","authors":"A. Mseddi, Ahmed Abid, O. Naifar, Mohamed Rhaima, A. Ben Makhlouf, Lassaad Mchiri","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040187","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the development of a novel analytic approach for computing Unity Magnitude (UM) shapers that deviates from established numerical methodologies. The experimental validation on a test bench confirms the practicality and benefits of the suggested UM shaper technique. The study extends the use of UM shapers to improve the control of wind conversion systems (WCSs), particularly those including hybrid excitation synchronous generators (HESGs), demonstrating their adaptability and versatility. Experimental validation guarantees real-world application, confirming the suggested UM shapers’ trustworthiness. Strict management is still required to assure the system’s efficiency and dependability. In reality, the dynamic equations of a turbine, as well as those of an HESG, are substantially nonlinear; most system parameters are very uncertain; and, finally, a WCS is always impacted by disturbance sources such as load variations, harmonics, and mechanical vibrations. Robust control measures must be used to overcome these issues. A CRONE controller (Robust Fractional Order Control) of the second generation is created. A comparative study performed on the Simulink platform reveals substantial gains brought about by UM shapers in real-world circumstances. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of UM-shaped inputs in mechanical stabilization and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), emphasizing both theoretical soundness and practical advantages. The analytic equations for UM shapers in undamped and damped systems, offered together with a real-time algorithm, contribute to the optimization of wind conversion systems.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sweilam, S. Al-Mekhlafi, Saleh M. Hassan, Nehaya R. Alsenaideh, A. E. Radwan
{"title":"A Novel Hybrid Crossover Dynamics of Monkeypox Disease Mathematical Model with Time Delay: Numerical Treatments","authors":"N. Sweilam, S. Al-Mekhlafi, Saleh M. Hassan, Nehaya R. Alsenaideh, A. E. Radwan","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040185","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we improved a mathematical model of monkeypox disease with a time delay to a crossover model by incorporating variable-order and fractional differential equations, along with stochastic fractional derivatives, in three different time intervals. The stability and positivity of the solutions for the proposed model are discussed. Two numerical methods are constructed to study the behavior of the proposed models. These methods are the nonstandard modified Euler Maruyama technique and the nonstandard Caputo proportional constant Adams-Bashfourth fifth step method. Many numerical experiments were conducted to verify the efficiency of the methods and support the theoretical results. This study’s originality is the use of fresh data simulation techniques and different solution methodologies.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Roller Bearings Based on Fractional Brownian Motion","authors":"Wanqing Song, Mingdeng Zhong, Minjie Yang, Deyu Qi, Simone Spadini, Piercarlo Cattani, Francesco Villecco","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040183","url":null,"abstract":"Roller bearing degradation features fractal characteristics such as self-similarity and long-range dependence (LRD). However, the existing remaining useful life (RUL) prediction models are memoryless or short-range dependent. To this end, we propose a RUL prediction model based on fractional Brownian motion (FBM). Bearing faults can happen in different places, and thus their degradation features are difficult to extract accurately. Through variational mode decomposition (VMD), the original degradation feature is decomposed into several components of different frequencies. The monotonicity, robustness and trends of the different components are calculated. The frequency component with the best metric values is selected as the training data. In this way, the performance of the prediction model is hugely improved. The unknown parameters in the degradation model are estimated by the maximum likelihood algorithm. The Monte Carlo method is applied to predict the RUL. A case study of a bearing is presented and the prediction performance is evaluated using multiple indicators.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Efficient Numerical Scheme for Fractional Order Mathematical Model of Cytosolic Calcium Ion in Astrocytes","authors":"Devendra Kumar, Hunney Nama, Jagdev Singh, Jitendra Kumar","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040184","url":null,"abstract":"The major aim of this article is to obtain the numerical solution of a fractional mathematical model with a nonsingular kernel for thrombin receptor activation in calcium signals using two numerical schemes based on the collocation techniques. We present the computational solution of the considered fractional model using the Laguerre collocation method (LCM) and Jacobi collocation method (JCM). An operational matrix of the fractional order derivative in the Caputo sense is needed for the recommended approach. The computational scheme converts fractional differential equations (FDEs) into an algebraic set of equations using the collocation method. The technique is used more quickly and successfully than in other existing schemes. A comparison between LCM and JCM is also presented in the form of figures. We obtained very good results with a great agreement between both the schemes. Additionally, an error analysis of the suggested procedures is provided.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Luis Flores Alarcón, C. G. Figueroa, V. H. Jacobo, Fernando Velázquez Villegas, R. Schouwenaars
{"title":"Statistical Study of the Bias and Precision for Six Estimation Methods for the Fractal Dimension of Randomly Rough Surfaces","authors":"Jorge Luis Flores Alarcón, C. G. Figueroa, V. H. Jacobo, Fernando Velázquez Villegas, R. Schouwenaars","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8030152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8030152","url":null,"abstract":"The simulation and characterisation of randomly rough surfaces is an important topic in surface science, tribology, geo- and planetary sciences, image analysis and optics. Extensions to general random processes with two continuous variables are straightforward. Several surface generation algorithms are available, and preference for one or another method often depends on the specific scientific field. The same holds for the methods to estimate the fractal dimension D. This work analyses six algorithms for the determination of D as a function of the size of the domain, variance, and the input value for D, using surfaces generated by Fourier filtering techniques and the random midpoint displacement algorithm. Several of the methods to determine fractal dimension are needlessly complex and severely biased, whereas simple and computationally efficient methods produce better results. A fine-tuned analysis of the power spectral density is very precise and shows how the different surface generation algorithms deviate from ideal fractal behaviour. For large datasets defined on equidistant two-dimensional grids, it is clearly the most sensitive and precise method to determine fractal dimension.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"69 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}