{"title":"Contributions to the Numerical Solutions of a Caputo Fractional Differential and Integro-Differential System","authors":"Abdelkader Moumen, A. Mennouni, Mohamed Bouye","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040201","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this research is to offer an efficient approach to solve a certain type of fractional integro-differential and differential systems. In the Caputo meaning, the fractional derivative is examined. This system is essential for many scientific disciplines, including physics, astrophysics, electrostatics, control theories, and the natural sciences. An effective approach solves the problem by reducing it to a pair of algebraically separated equations via a successful transformation. The proposed strategy uses first-order shifted Chebyshev polynomials and a projection method. Using the provided technique, the primary system is converted into a set of algebraic equations that can be solved effectively. Some theorems are proved and used to obtain the upper error bound for this method. Furthermore, various examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm when compared to existing approaches in the literature. Finally, the key conclusions are given.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"64 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fractal Operators and Convergence Analysis in Fractional Viscoelastic Theory","authors":"X. Yu, Yajun Yin","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040200","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the convergence of operators and the viscoelastic properties of fractal ladder and tree structures. It proves the convergence of fractal stiffness operators through operator algebra, revealing a fundamental connection between operator sequence limits and fractal operator algebraic equations. Our findings demonstrate that, as the hierarchical levels of these structures increase, their viscoelastic responses increasingly align with the fractional viscoelastic behavior observed in infinite-level fractal structures. We explore the similarity in creep and relaxation behaviors between fractal ladders and trees, emphasizing the emergence of ultra-long characteristic times in steady-state creep and pronounced tailing effects in relaxation curves. This research provides novel insights into the design of fractional-order viscoelastic structures, presenting significant implications for materials science and mechanical engineering.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"55 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuqi Liang, Qinglin Xia, Kenan Jiang, Ercheng Pang
{"title":"Fractal Analysis of Polarizability in Graphite Deposits: Methodological Integration for Geological Prediction and Exploration Efficiency","authors":"Yuqi Liang, Qinglin Xia, Kenan Jiang, Ercheng Pang","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040198","url":null,"abstract":"Most geophysical and geochemical data are commonly acknowledged to exhibit fractal and multifractal properties, but the fractal characteristics of polarizability have received limited attention from the literature. The present study demonstrates that the polarizability data of the graphite deposits have fractal characteristics and introduces the fractal method for its quantitative analysis to indicate and predict the properties of graphite deposits. The results show that the concentration-area (C-A) method is superior to classical interpolation in anomaly extraction but inferior to the spectrum-area (S-A) method in the coverage region. Because the type of graphite ore is sedimentary-metamorphic in this area, the graphite ore-bodies can be regarded as a special stratum, which is different from most metal deposits, and the anomaly of graphite ore are shown in the background mode of the S-A method. The high values of the background mode effectively indicate the potential areas where the graphite-bearing strata occur, while observing a decrease in the power-law exponent (β) of the background mode as the width of ore-bodies increases. The validity of this conclusion was confirmed based on the vertical profiles of the predicted area, and the uncharted ore vein was thereby identified. Furthermore, it was found that the anomaly mode can serve as a grade indicator of graphite ore rather than delineating the fault. By integrating the background and anomaly modes of the S-A method, we can quantitatively predict and effectively identify high-grade targets from sedimentary deposits containing minerals in future exploration.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"47 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Generalized Jacobi Polynomial Galerkin Operational Matrices of Derivatives: An Algorithm for Solving Boundary Value Problems","authors":"H. M. Ahmed","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040199","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present a novel approach for the numerical solution of high-order ODEs and MTVOFDEs with BCs. Our method leverages a class of GSJPs that possess the crucial property of satisfying the given BCs. By establishing OMs for both the ODs and VOFDs of the GSJPs, we integrate them into the SCM, enabling efficient and accurate numerical computations. An error analysis and convergence study are conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. We demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of our method through eight numerical examples. Comparative analyses with prior research highlight the improved accuracy and efficiency achieved by our approach. The recommended approach exhibits excellent agreement between approximate and precise results in tables and graphs, demonstrating its high accuracy. This research contributes to the advancement of numerical methods for ODEs and MTVOFDEs with BCs, providing a reliable and efficient tool for solving complex BVPs with exceptional accuracy.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparisons for Global Dynamics of a Geometrically Nonlinear Oscillator among Single-, Double- and Quadruple-Well Configurations","authors":"Huihang Sun, H. Shang","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040202","url":null,"abstract":"This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the global dynamics of a harmonically excited oscillator with geometrical nonlinearities. Static analysis of the oscillatory system shows that adjusting the horizontal distance ratio from 1 to 0 can lead to single, double and quadruple well configurations successively. Intra-well and inter-well resonant responses are deduced analytically. Qualitative and quantitative results both reveal that the oscillator displays the stiffness–softening characteristic in cases of double and quadruple wells and the stiffness–hardening characteristic in the case of a single well. The initial-sensitive phenomenon jump is performed via fractal basins of attraction. Complex dynamical behaviors, including higher-order periodic responses and chaos, are also exhibited. The results demonstrate that the oscillator with a double or quadruple well configuration can achieve the inter-well response with large displacement, thus confirming its desirability in engineering applications of geometrically nonlinear oscillators.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"52 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Quasilinearization Approach for Identification Control Vectors in Fractional-Order Nonlinear Systems","authors":"M. Koleva, L. Vulkov","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040196","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with solving the problem of identifying the control vector problem for a fractional multi-order system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We describe a quasilinearization approach, based on minimization of a quadratic functional, to compute the values of the unknown parameter vector. Numerical algorithm combining the method with appropriate fractional derivative approximation on graded mesh is applied to SIS and SEIR problems to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy. Tikhonov regularization is implemented to improve the convergence. Results from computations, both with noisy-free and noisy data, are provided and discussed. Simulations with real data are also performed.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kiskinov, Mariyan Milev, Slav I. Cholakov, A. Zahariev
{"title":"Fundamental Matrix, Integral Representation and Stability Analysis of the Solutions of Neutral Fractional Systems with Derivatives in the Riemann—Liouville Sense","authors":"H. Kiskinov, Mariyan Milev, Slav I. Cholakov, A. Zahariev","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040195","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies a class of nonlinear disturbed neutral linear fractional systems with derivatives in the the Riemann–Liouville sense and distributed delays. First, it is proved that the initial problem for these systems with discontinuous initial functions under some natural assumptions possesses a unique solution. The assumptions used for the proof are similar to those used in the case of systems with first-order derivatives. Then, with the obtained result, we derive the existence and uniqueness of a fundamental matrix and a generalized fundamental matrix for the homogeneous system. In the linear case, via these fundamental matrices we obtain integral representations of the solutions of the homogeneous system and the corresponding inhomogeneous system. Furthermore, for the fractional systems with Riemann–Liouville derivatives we introduce a new concept for weighted stabilities in the Lyapunov, Ulam–Hyers, and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias senses, which coincides with the classical stability concepts for the cases of integer-order or Caputo-type derivatives. It is proved that the zero solution of the homogeneous system is weighted stable if and only if all its solutions are weighted bounded. In addition, for the homogeneous system it is established that the weighted stability in the Lyapunov and Ulam–Hyers senses are equivalent if and only if the inequality appearing in the Ulam–Hyers definition possess only bounded solutions. Finally, we derive natural sufficient conditions under which the property of weighted global asymptotic stability of the zero solution of the homogeneous system is preserved under nonlinear disturbances.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"129 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glass Beads Test with True Triaxial Stress Path Achieved by Conventional Triaxial Apparatus","authors":"Xuefeng Li, Jiahui Ma, Longlong Lv","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040193","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of fabric anisotropy, fractal dimension, and breakage on the strength and deformation of granular materials were diminished by uniform-size spherical glass beads. Triaxial drained and undrained tests were performed on glass beads based on a novel method to substitute true triaxial stress paths with conventional triaxial apparatus equivalents with varying intermediate principal stress coefficients (b-values). The result indicates that all specimens manifested a noticeable strain-softening phenomenon. The peak strength decreased with increasing b-value, and the specimens showed more pronounced dilatancy. This pattern is similar to the results of the true triaxial test in current research. Compared to the undrained test, the peak friction angle in the drained test displayed a greater variation with varying b-values, which indicated that the mechanical response of glass beads is sensitive to water. This difference provides experimental evidence for comprehending effective stress in granular materials with constant friction coefficients. The experiments reflect the effect of b-value changes on the p-q stress path, as well as on the peak stress ratio, the state transition stress ratio, and the critical state stress ratio. The specimens exhibited a distinct shear band at different b-values ranging from 0.2 to 0.6, which is different from observations in conventional triaxial tests for granular materials.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolving Patterns in Irrational Numbers Using Waiting Times between Digits","authors":"Samuel Toluwalope Ogunjo, Holger Kantz","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040197","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing interest in determining if there exist observable patterns or structures within the digits of irrational numbers. We extend this search by investigating the interval in position between two consecutive occurrences of the same digit, a kind of waiting time statistics. We characterise these by the burstiness measure which distinguishes if the inter-event times are periodic, bursty, or Poisson processes. Furthermore, the complexity–entropy plane was used to determine if the intervals are stochastic or chaotic. We analyse sequences of the first 1 million digits of the numbers π, e, 2, and ϕ. We find that the intervals between single, double, and triple digits are Poisson processes with a burstiness measure in the range −0.05≤B≤0.05 for the four numbers studied. This result is supported by a complexity–entropy plane analysis, which shows that the time intervals have the same characteristics as Gaussian noise. The four irrational numbers have identical degrees of complexity and burstiness in their inter-event analysis.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"79 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Existence of Solutions for the Initial Value Problem with Hadamard Fractional Derivatives in Locally Convex Spaces","authors":"Weiwei Liu, Lishan Liu","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8040191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040191","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate an initial value problem for a nonlinear fractional differential equation on an infinite interval. The differential operator is taken in the Hadamard sense and the nonlinear term involves two lower-order fractional derivatives of the unknown function. In order to establish the global existence criteria, we first verify that there exists a unique positive solution to an integral equation based on a class of new integral inequality. Next, we construct a locally convex space, which is metrizable and complete. On this space, applying Schäuder’s fixed point theorem, we obtain the existence of at least one solution to the initial value problem.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"37 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}