发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Archive for History of Exact Sciences最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
A mechanical concentric solar model in Khāzinī’s Mu‘tabar zīj Khāzinī《Mu’tabar zj》中的机械同心圆太阳模型
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00292-9
S. Mohammad Mozaffari
{"title":"A mechanical concentric solar model in Khāzinī’s Mu‘tabar zīj","authors":"S. Mohammad Mozaffari","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00292-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00292-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper brings into light and discusses a concentric solar model briefly described in Chapter 5 of Section III of ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Khāzinī’s <i>On experimental astronomy</i>, a treatise embedded in the prolegomenon of his comprehensive <i>Mu‘tabar zīj</i>, completed about 1121 <span>c.e.</span> In it, the Sun is assumed to rotate on the circumference of a circle concentric with the Earth and coplanar with the ecliptic, but the motion of the vector joining the Earth and Sun is monitored by a small eccentric hypocycle. The ratio between the distance of the hypocycle’s center from the Earth and the hypocycle’s radius is equal to the solar eccentricity in the eccentric model. The model is to account for the constancy of the apparent diameter of the solar disk as held by Ptolemy. The source of the model is unknown. Since the mechanism employed in it clearly resembles the pin-and-slot device, whose use in mechanical astronomical instruments has a long history from the Antikythera Mechanism to the medieval solar, lunar, and planetary equatoria and dials, we argue that the solar model can be positioned within this long-standing tradition and considered the result of the correct understanding of some Byzantine prototype and thus a typical example of the transmission of astronomical ideas via media of the material culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 5","pages":"513 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The eclectic content and sources of Clavius’s Geometria Practica 克劳维几何实践的兼收并蓄的内容与来源
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5
John B. Little
{"title":"The eclectic content and sources of Clavius’s Geometria Practica","authors":"John B. Little","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider the <i>Geometria Practica</i> of Christopher Clavius, S.J., a surprisingly eclectic and comprehensive practical geometry text, whose first edition appeared in 1604. Our focus is on four particular sections from Books IV and VI where Clavius has either used his sources in an interesting way or where he has been uncharacteristically reticent about them. These include the treatments of Heron’s Formula, Archimedes’ <i>Measurement of the Circle</i>, four methods for constructing two mean proportionals between two lines, and finally an algorithm for computing <i>n</i>th roots of numbers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 4","pages":"391 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50478522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The eclectic content and sources of Clavius’s Geometria Practica 克拉维乌斯《实用几何》的折衷内容和来源
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5
J. Little
{"title":"The eclectic content and sources of Clavius’s Geometria Practica","authors":"J. Little","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"391 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51872951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Galileo Galilei and the centers of gravity of solids: a reconstruction based on a newly discovered version of the conical frustum contained in manuscript UCLA 170/624 伽利略和固体的重心：基于加州大学洛杉矶分校170/624号手稿中新发现的圆锥台的重建
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00289-4
Riccardo Bellé, Beatrice Sisana
{"title":"Galileo Galilei and the centers of gravity of solids: a reconstruction based on a newly discovered version of the conical frustum contained in manuscript UCLA 170/624","authors":"Riccardo Bellé,&nbsp;Beatrice Sisana","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00289-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00289-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The manuscript UCLA 170/624 (ff. 75–76) contains Galileo’s proof of the center of gravity of the frustum of a cone, which was ultimately published as <i>Theoremata circa centrum gravitatis solidorum</i> in <i>Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze</i> (Leiden 1638). The UCLA copy opens the possibility of giving a fuller account of <i>Theoremata</i> dating and development, and it can shed light on the origins of this research by the young Galileo. A comparison of the UCLA manuscript with the other extant copies is carried out to propose a new dating for the composition of the <i>Theoremata</i>. This dating will then be reconsidered in light of the mathematical content. The paper ends with a complete description of the content of the UCLA manuscript and the edition of Galileo’s text there contained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 5","pages":"471 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00289-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49399706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Felix Klein’s projective representations of the groups (S_6) and (A_7) 群$$s_6$$和$$A_7的Felix Klein投影表示$$
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00290-x
Henning Heller
{"title":"Felix Klein’s projective representations of the groups (S_6) and (A_7)","authors":"Henning Heller","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00290-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00290-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses an article by Felix Klein of 1886, in which he generalized his theory of polynomial equations of degree 5—comprehensively discussed in his <i>Lectures on the Icosahedron</i> two years earlier—to equations of degree 6 and 7. To do so, Klein used results previously established in <i>line geometry</i>. I review Klein’s 1886 article, its diverse mathematical background, and its place within the broader history of mathematics. I argue that the program advanced by this article, although historically overlooked due to its eventual failure, offers a valuable insight into a time of crucial evolution of the subject.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 5","pages":"431 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00290-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49628112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Gauss on least-squares and maximum-likelihood estimation 最小二乘上的高斯和最大似然估计
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3990758
J. Magnus
{"title":"Gauss on least-squares and maximum-likelihood estimation","authors":"J. Magnus","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3990758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3990758","url":null,"abstract":"Gauss’ 1809 discussion of least squares, which can be viewed as the beginning of mathematical statistics, is reviewed. The general consensus seems to be that Gauss’ arguments are at fault, but we show that his reasoning is in fact correct, given his self-imposed restrictions, and persuasive without these restrictions.","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"425-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44611517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Gauss on least-squares and maximum-likelihood estimation 最小二乘上的高斯和最大似然估计
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00291-w
Jan R. Magnus
{"title":"Gauss on least-squares and maximum-likelihood estimation","authors":"Jan R. Magnus","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00291-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00291-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gauss’ 1809 discussion of least squares, which can be viewed as the beginning of mathematical statistics, is reviewed. The general consensus seems to be that Gauss’ arguments are at fault, but we show that his reasoning is in fact correct, given his self-imposed restrictions, and persuasive without these restrictions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 4","pages":"425 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00291-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43950508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Brianchon and Poncelet’s joint memoir, the nine-point circle, and beyond 布里安松和庞塞莱的联合回忆录《九点圆》以及其他
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00286-7
Andrea Del Centina
{"title":"Brianchon and Poncelet’s joint memoir, the nine-point circle, and beyond","authors":"Andrea Del Centina","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00286-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00286-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we give a thorough account of Brianchon and Poncelet’s joint memoir on equilateral hyperbolas subject to four given conditions, focusing on the most significant theorems expounded therein, and the determination of the “nine-point circle”. We also discuss about the origin of this very rare example of collaborative work for the time, and the general challenge of finding the nature of the loci described by the centres of the conic sections required to pass through <i>m</i> points and to be tangent to <i>n</i> straight lines given in position, <i>m</i> + <i>n</i> = 4, which was posed at the end of their work. In the case <i>m</i> = 4, i.e. when the conic sections have to pass through the vertices of a quadrilateral, the locus of centres is another conic section passing through the intersection points of the opposite sides and the two diagonals of the quadrilateral, respectively, and, as Gergonne showed analytically shortly after, through other significant points connected with the quadrilateral; this curve was later given the name of the “nine-point conic”, being a natural generalization of the above mentioned circle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 4","pages":"363 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00286-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45791191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A common-sense approach to the problem of the itinerary stadion 解决行程站问题的常识性方法
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00287-6
Irina Tupikova
{"title":"A common-sense approach to the problem of the itinerary stadion","authors":"Irina Tupikova","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00287-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00287-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimating the length of the Greek stadion remains controversial. This paper highlights the pitfalls of a purely metrological approach to this problem and proposes a formal differentiation between metrologically defined ancient measuring units and other measures used to estimate long distances. The common-sense approach to the problem is strengthened by some cross-over documentary evidence for usage of the so-called <i>itinerary</i> stadion in antiquity. We discuss the possibility of using statistical analysis methods to estimate the length of the stadion by comparing ancient routes with the actual distances. Simple numerical examples explain the limits of this approach, caused by the low number of data and by their mixed character. A special case of distances which can be calculated with the help of coordinates given in Ptolemy’s <i>Geography</i> is discussed, and has been shown to lead unavoidably to ambiguous solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 4","pages":"319 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00287-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peirce’s Dragon-Head Logic (R 501, 1901) 皮尔斯龙头逻辑(r501, 1901)
IF 0.5 2区 哲学
Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-021-00285-0
Minghui Ma, Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen
{"title":"Peirce’s Dragon-Head Logic (R 501, 1901)","authors":"Minghui Ma,&nbsp;Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen","doi":"10.1007/s00407-021-00285-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-021-00285-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peirce wrote in late 1901 a text on formal logic using a special Dragon-Head and Dragon-Tail notation in order to express the relation of logical consequence and its properties. These texts have not been referred to in the literature before. We provide a complete reconstruction and transcription of these previously unpublished sets of manuscript sheets and analyse their main content. In the reconstructed text, Peirce is seen to outline both a general theory of deduction and a general theory of consequence relation. The two are the cornerstones of modern logic and have played a crucial role in its development. From the wider perspective, Peirce is led to these theories by three important generalizations: propositions to all signs, truth to scriptibility, and derivation to transformability. We provide an exposition of such proposed semiotic foundation for logical constants and point out a couple of further innovations in this rare text, including the sheet of assertion, correction as a dual of deduction and the nature of conditionals as variably strict conditionals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 3","pages":"261 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：604180095
Book学术官方微信