Advances in Virus Research最新文献_第5页

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.04.001

Thomas Müller, Rainer Hassel, Mark Jago, Siegfried Khaiseb, Jolandie van der Westhuizen, Adriaan Vos, Sten Calvelage, Susanne Fischer, Denise A Marston, Anthony R Fooks, Dirk Höper, Conrad M Freuling

{"title":"Rabies in kudu: Revisited.","authors":"Thomas Müller, Rainer Hassel, Mark Jago, Siegfried Khaiseb, Jolandie van der Westhuizen, Adriaan Vos, Sten Calvelage, Susanne Fischer, Denise A Marston, Anthony R Fooks, Dirk Höper, Conrad M Freuling","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies infects all mammals; however, transmission cycles are only maintained in certain bat and carnivore species. The high incidence of rabies in Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) observed in Namibia for over 40 years has led to postulation that independent virus transmission is occurring within this antelope population. We have analysed extensive experimental, epidemiological, phylogeographic and deep sequence data, which collectively refute maintenance of an independent rabies cycle in kudu. As rabies in kudu continues to have a negative impact on the Namibian agricultural sector, measures to protect kudu have been investigated, including the use of a third-generation oral rabies vaccine. Initial results show protection of kudu from rabies infection via the oral route, with an appropriate bait design, different application schedules and vaccination doses further enhancing the immune response. Rabies in kudu is a complex interplay at the wildlife-livestock interface and requires a concerted approach to successfully control.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":" ","pages":"115-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40509354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reinventing positive-strand RNA virus reverse genetics. 重塑正链RNA病毒反向遗传学。

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.03.001

Brett D Lindenbach

{"title":"Reinventing positive-strand RNA virus reverse genetics.","authors":"Brett D Lindenbach","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse genetics is the prospective analysis of how genotype determines phenotype. In a typical experiment, a researcher alters a viral genome, then observes the phenotypic outcome. Among RNA viruses, this approach was first applied to positive-strand RNA viruses in the mid-1970s and over nearly 50 years has become a powerful and widely used approach for dissecting the mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenesis. During this time the global health importance of two virus groups, flaviviruses (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) and betacoronaviruses (genus Betacoronavirus, subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, family Coronaviridae), have dramatically increased, yet these viruses have genomes that are technically challenging to manipulate. As a result, several new techniques have been developed to overcome these challenges. Here I briefly review key historical aspects of positive-strand RNA virus reverse genetics, describe some recent reverse genetic innovations, particularly as applied to flaviviruses and coronaviruses, and discuss their benefits and limitations within the larger context of rigorous genetic analysis.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":"112 ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9273853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10364327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Control of animal virus replication by RNA adenosine methylation. RNA腺苷甲基化控制动物病毒复制。

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.01.002

Angus C Wilson, Ian Mohr

{"title":"Control of animal virus replication by RNA adenosine methylation.","authors":"Angus C Wilson, Ian Mohr","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Methylation at the N6-position of either adenosine (m6A) or 2'-O-methyladenosine (m6Am) represents two of the most abundant internal modifications of coding and non-coding RNAs, influencing their maturation, stability and function. Additionally, although less abundant and less well-studied, monomethylation at the N1-position (m1A) can have profound effects on RNA folding. It has been known for several decades that RNAs produced by both DNA and RNA viruses can be m6A/m6Am modified and the list continues to broaden through advances in detection technologies and identification of the relevant methyltransferases. Recent studies have uncovered varied mechanisms used by viruses to manipulate the m6A pathway in particular, either to enhance virus replication or to antagonize host antiviral defenses. As such, RNA modifications represent an important frontier of exploration in the broader realm of virus-host interactions, and this new knowledge already suggests exciting opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In this review we summarize the principal mechanisms by which m6A/m6Am can promote or hinder viral replication, describe how the pathway is actively manipulated by biomedically important viruses, and highlight some remaining gaps in understanding how adenosine methylation of RNA controls viral replication and pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":"112 ","pages":"87-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259266/pdf/nihms-1904517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9616126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marine viruses and climate change: Virioplankton, the carbon cycle, and our future ocean. 海洋病毒与气候变化：病毒浮游生物、碳循环和我们未来的海洋。

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.09.001

Hannah Locke, Kay D Bidle, Kimberlee Thamatrakoln, Christopher T Johns, Juan A Bonachela, Barbra D Ferrell, K Eric Wommack

{"title":"Marine viruses and climate change: Virioplankton, the carbon cycle, and our future ocean.","authors":"Hannah Locke, Kay D Bidle, Kimberlee Thamatrakoln, Christopher T Johns, Juan A Bonachela, Barbra D Ferrell, K Eric Wommack","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between marine viruses and microbes are a critical part of the oceanic carbon cycle. The impacts of virus-host interactions range from short-term disruptions in the mobility of microbial biomass carbon to higher trophic levels through cell lysis (i.e., the viral shunt) to long-term reallocation of microbial biomass carbon to the deep sea through accelerating the biological pump (i.e., the viral shuttle). The biogeochemical backdrop of the ocean-the physical, chemical, and biological landscape-influences the likelihood of both virus-host interactions and particle formation, and the fate and flow of carbon. As climate change reshapes the oceanic landscape through large-scale shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, and acidification, virus-mediated carbon flux is likely to shift in response. Dynamics in the directionality and magnitude of changes in how, where, and when viruses mediate the recycling or storage of microbial biomass carbon is largely unknown. Integrating viral infection dynamics data obtained from experimental models and field systems, with particle motion microphysics and global observations of oceanic biogeochemistry, into improved ecosystem models will enable viral oceanographers to better predict the role of viruses in marine carbon cycling in the future ocean.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":"114 ","pages":"67-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Animal models of alphavirus infection and human disease. 甲病毒感染与人类疾病的动物模型。

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.07.001

Cormac J Lucas, Thomas E Morrison

引用次数: 1

Challenges and opportunities for plant viruses under a climate change scenario. 气候变化情景下植物病毒面临的挑战和机遇。

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.001

Nuria Montes, Israel Pagán

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities for plant viruses under a climate change scenario.","authors":"Nuria Montes, Israel Pagán","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing societal awareness on the enormous threat that climate change may pose for human, animal and plant welfare. Although direct effects due to exposure to heat, drought or elevated greenhouse gasses seem to be progressively more obvious, indirect effects remain debatable. A relevant aspect to be clarified relates to the relationship between altered environmental conditions and pathogen-induced diseases. In the particular case of plant viruses, it is still unclear whether climate change will primarily represent an opportunity for the emergence of new infections in previously uncolonized areas and hosts, or if it will mostly be a strong constrain reducing the impact of plant virus diseases and challenging the pathogen's adaptive capacity. This review focuses on current knowledge on the relationship between climate change and the outcome plant-virus interactions. We summarize work done on how this relationship modulates plant virus pathogenicity, between-host transmission (which include the triple interaction plant-virus-vector), ecology, evolution and management of the epidemics they cause. Considering these studies, we propose avenues for future research on this subject.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":"114 ","pages":"1-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity of viral RNA silencing suppressors and their involvement in virus-specific symptoms. 病毒RNA沉默抑制因子的多样性及其在病毒特异性症状中的作用

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.06.001

Vitantonio Pantaleo, Chikara Masuta

{"title":"Diversity of viral RNA silencing suppressors and their involvement in virus-specific symptoms.","authors":"Vitantonio Pantaleo, Chikara Masuta","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"RNA silencing is an evolutionarily conserved and homology-dependent gene inactivation system that regulates most biological processes at either the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. In plants, insects and certain mammalian systems, RNA silencing constitutes the basis of the antiviral defense mechanism. To counteract RNA silencing-based antiviral responses viruses adopt strategies of replication and host invasion that include mechanisms of RNA silencing suppression. Indeed, viruses can express proteins known as RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs). Over the last two decades, silencing studies in plant virology have been largely devoted to the discovery and description of RSSs. The result has been exciting and these studies have revealed (i) an incredible diversity of proteins and mechanisms of RSSs belonging to various viral taxonomic groups, (ii) the multifunctionality of RSSs: they can fulfill several functions during viral infection and target one or more key points in the RNA silencing machinery. Some RSSs of model viral systems have been the subject of exceptional in-depth studies; they have proven to be real molecular tools for studying plant physiology, plant biology and virus-plant interactions, even in some cases extending the knowledge of the response of plants to other biotic and abiotic stressors. RSS diversity in phylogenesis, in mechanism of action and the frequent presence of more than one RSS in a single viral genome all suggest that they are extremely plastic in evolving to overcome host defenses. In this chapter, we present and discuss the most recent findings related to the well-studied RSSs of four viral taxonomic groups: geminiviruses, potyviruses, tombusviruses and cucumoviruses.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":"113 ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

West Nile virus and climate change. 西尼罗河病毒与气候变化。

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.002

Rachel L Fay, Alexander C Keyel, Alexander T Ciota

{"title":"West Nile virus and climate change.","authors":"Rachel L Fay, Alexander C Keyel, Alexander T Ciota","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a global distribution that is maintained in an enzootic cycle between Culex species mosquitoes and avian hosts. Human infection, which occurs as a result of spillover from this cycle, is generally subclinical or results in a self-limiting febrile illness. Central nervous system infection occurs in a minority of infections and can lead to long-term neurological complications and, rarely, death. WNV is the most prevalent arthropod-borne virus in the United States. Climate change can influence several aspects of WNV transmission including the vector, amplifying host, and virus. Climate change is broadly predicted to increase WNV distribution and risk across the globe, yet there will likely be significant regional variability and limitations to this effect. Increases in temperature can accelerate mosquito and pathogen development, drive increases in vector competence for WNV, and also alter mosquito life history traits including longevity, blood feeding behavior and fecundity. Precipitation, humidity and drought also impact WNV transmissibility. Alteration in avian distribution, diversity and phenology resulting from climate variation add additional complexity to these relationships. Here, we review WNV epidemiology, transmission, disease and genetics in the context of laboratory studies, field investigations, and infectious disease models under climate change. We summarize how mosquito genetics, microbial interactions, host dynamics, viral strain, population size, land use and climate account for distinct relationships that drive WNV activity and discuss how these dynamic and evolving interactions could shape WNV transmission and disease under climate change.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":"114 ","pages":"147-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Series Page 系列页面

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(21)00025-7

引用次数: 0

Proteomic approaches to investigate gammaherpesvirus biology and associated tumorigenesis. 研究γ疱疹病毒生物学和相关肿瘤发生的蛋白质组学方法。

2区医学

Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.10.001

Danielle L Chappell, Maria C White, Blossom Damania

{"title":"Proteomic approaches to investigate gammaherpesvirus biology and associated tumorigenesis.","authors":"Danielle L Chappell, Maria C White, Blossom Damania","doi":"10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"The DNA viruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, a group of viruses whose infection is associated with multiple malignancies, including cancer. The primary host for these viruses is humans and, like all herpesviruses, infection with these pathogens is lifelong. Due to the persistence of gammaherpesvirus infection and the potential for cancer formation in infected individuals, there is a driving need to understand not only the biology of these viruses and how they remain undetected in host cells but also the mechanism(s) by which tumorigenesis occurs. One of the methods that has provided much insight into these processes is proteomics. Proteomics is the study of all the proteins that are encoded by a genome and allows for (i) identification of existing and novel proteins derived from a given genome, (ii) interrogation of protein-protein interactions within a system, and (iii) discovery of druggable targets for the treatment of malignancies. In this chapter, we explore how proteomics has contributed to our current understanding of gammaherpesvirus biology and their oncogenic processes, as well as the clinical applications of proteomics for the detection and treatment of gammaherpesvirus-associated cancers.","PeriodicalId":50977,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Virus Research","volume":"109 ","pages":"201-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38858765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0