IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2419310

Jill Burke, Wilson Poon

{"title":"Renaissance Goo: Senses and Materials in Early Modern Apothecary Taxonomies and Soft Matter Science.","authors":"Jill Burke, Wilson Poon","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2419310","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2419310","url":null,"abstract":"This essay brings together research in the history of science and soft matter physics to consider how early modern Italian apothecaries organised and communicated their knowledge from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century through an \"apothecary taxonomy.\" This was based on a what we call a \"hylocentric\" classification scheme (from the Greek hyle = matter, material, stuff) founded on a tactile understanding of materials. We will investigate how the behaviour of medicines under deformation and flow - their \"rheology\" - is a previously underestimated organisational principle, and consider the specialist vocabulary these author-practitioners used to describe different liquid and liquid-like formulations. We will also suggest that the rheology of these formulations - which today falls under the domain of \"soft matter science\" - affected the material culture of apothecary shops, in the arrangement and selection of drug bottles and jars, which presented this knowledge visually to visitors and clients. That soft matter scientists organise the substances they study in similar ways to early modern apothecaries suggests the agency of materials in affecting human categorisations.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":" ","pages":"367-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SHAC Special ICHC14 Award Scheme - grants to support attendance at ICHC14 in Valencia, Spain, 11-14 June 2025. SHAC 第十四届国际会议特别奖励计划--资助参加 2025 年 6 月 11-14 日在西班牙巴伦西亚举行的第十四届国际会议。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2418165

引用次数: 0

New Research on the Origin of Mosaic Gold. 关于马赛克金起源的新研究。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2419309

Rafael Marqués García

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Medicine, Life, and Transformations of Matter. 导言：医学、生命和物质转化。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2396705

Carmen Schmechel

{"title":"Introduction: Medicine, Life, and Transformations of Matter.","authors":"Carmen Schmechel","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2396705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2024.2396705","url":null,"abstract":"This Ambix special issue explores premodern alchemical ideas and practices in their entanglements with medicine. It employs diverse methods, from traditional close reading to the new distant-reading framework of computational humanities, to investigate alchemical thought over a timespan of several centuries. In medieval times, everyday practices could offer heuristic models of material transformation - such as the fermentation of bread as a model for metallic transmutation (Schmechel). Paracelsus relied on \"fire\" to link his natural philosophy with his medical alchemy; new computational methods show how his ideas evolved over time (Hedesan). Early modern medical pluralism favoured the thriving of chemical medicine in Italy; diplomatic efforts introduced chemical remedies into acknowledged pharmacopoeias (Clericuzio). An English physician offers William Cavendish both practical distillation recipes and the hope of learning more about the principles of chemistry (Begley). In eighteenth-century France, Diderot draws on chemical ideas to blur the conceptual boundary between living and non-living matter (Wolfe). The papers largely adhere to integrated history and philosophy of science (iHPS) and to a pragmatist \"operational ideal of knowledge\" (Chang). They showcase the interdisciplinarity of premodern scientific thought and examine how medicine and alchemy, but also theory and (everyday) practice informed each other fruitfully across the ages.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"18 1","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leaven of Dough, Ferment of Gold: The Breadmaking Analogy in Medieval Metallic Transmutation. 面团的酵母，黄金的发酵：中世纪金属嬗变中的面包制作类比。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2396702

Carmen Schmechel

{"title":"Leaven of Dough, Ferment of Gold: The Breadmaking Analogy in Medieval Metallic Transmutation.","authors":"Carmen Schmechel","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2396702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2024.2396702","url":null,"abstract":"This paper traces the analogy between the making of bread with ferment (leaven or yeast) and theories of metallic transmutation throughout the Middle Ages. For this purpose it surveys several medieval alchemical writings, including Hortulanus's influential Commentary on the Emerald Tablet. In this work, the ferment, an essential ingredient of the philosophers' stone, is portrayed less as an active agent and more as the passive, nutritive earth (terra nutrix) which combines with the soul (anima) in order to yield the stone (lapis). I argue that the background of these theories has both a practical and a medical-theoretical dimension. The practical aspect derives from historical everyday practices of making bread from sourdough, and using old yeast \"starter\" as a kind of inoculum to speed up the fermentation of a new batch of fresh dough. The medical-theoretical framework for the understanding of ferment action was likely provided by the widely influential Galenic idea of whole substance action (Gr. καθ᾽ὅλην τὴν οὐσίαν, Lat. tota substantia), initially developed by Galen in pharmacology and later imported into alchemy via Arabic medicine. Together, these aspects converge into a successful model of \"inoculation-emergence,\" which underlies many medieval and early modern theories of fermentation, both medical and alchemical.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth-Century British State 为十九世纪英国国家提供科学建议

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2399445

Frank A. J. L. James

引用次数: 0

Emil Fischer’s “From My Life”: English Translation of “Aus meinem Leben.” 埃米尔-费舍尔的 "我的生活"："Aus meinem Leben "英译本。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2390779

Helge Kragh

引用次数: 0

The Emergence of Chemical Medicine in Early Modern Naples (1600-1660). 现代早期那不勒斯化学医学的兴起（1600-1660 年）。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2375432

Antonio Clericuzio

{"title":"The Emergence of Chemical Medicine in Early Modern Naples (1600-1660).","authors":"Antonio Clericuzio","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2375432","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2375432","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing interest in Italian medicine, comparatively little attention has been paid to the establishment of iatrochemistry. Though this process spread throughout the Peninsula, Naples witnessed an impressive growth of chemical research and the outbreak of a conflict between the medical establishment and the chemical physicians. The purpose of this article is to explore the emergence of chemical medicine in Naples in the period that precedes the founding (1663) of the Accademia degli Investiganti. In the first part of the seventeenth century, chemistry achieved recognition in settings like academies, pharmacies, hospitals, and monasteries. Chemical studies and the making of new remedies were spurred by the scientific exchange that Neapolitan savants established with scholars from different areas. The so-called medical pluralism and the recurrent outbreaks of epidemics stimulated the introduction of new chemical therapies, which coexisted with old ones. The establishment of chemical medicine was triggered by Marco Aurelio Severino (1580-1656), who, besides promoting chemical remedies, resorted to chemical theories, including Paracelsian ones, to account for physiological processes. Severino was the mentor of the chemical physicians who gave rise to the Accademia degli Investiganti. One of Severino's disciples was Giuseppe Donzelli (1596-1670), who fostered chemical remedies in Naples.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":" ","pages":"301-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fire, Vulcanus, Archeus, and Alchemy: A Hybrid Close-Distant Reading of Paracelsus's Thought on Active Agents. 火、火神、阿克苏斯和炼金术：帕拉塞尔苏斯关于活性剂思想的近距离混合解读。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2367396

Georgiana D Hedesan

{"title":"Fire, Vulcanus, Archeus, and Alchemy: A Hybrid Close-Distant Reading of Paracelsus's Thought on Active Agents.","authors":"Georgiana D Hedesan","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2367396","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2367396","url":null,"abstract":"The Swiss physician and philosopher Theophrastus von Hohenheim, called Paracelsus (1493-1541) is known for his strong advocacy of medical alchemy. That his natural philosophy was tied to medical alchemy is perhaps uncontroversial, but just how it was so is less straightforward. This article provides an insight into the connection between the two by means of Paracelsus's concept of active agents, with an emphasis on fire, its master Vulcanus, and the associated term Archeus. I will show how these evolved in the thought of Paracelsus by taking an evolutionary view of his works. The complexity of his views comes to light as a result of employing the method of hybrid reading, which integrates the traditional close reading technique with the much more novel one of distant reading. The latter is part of the emerging field of digital and computational humanities, and involves the analysis of corpora by means of digital tools, including computer programming (Python). In the article, I will attempt to combine distant and close reading and showcase how such hybrid reading approaches may provide new insights into historical corpora.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":" ","pages":"271-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distilling the Art of Distillation in an Unstudied Manuscript of "Chymicall Notions". 在未经研究的 "Chymicall Notions "手稿中提炼蒸馏艺术。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2371260

Justin Begley

引用次数: 0

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