Ambix最新文献 - Book学术

Introduction: Medicine, Life, and Transformations of Matter. 导言：医学、生命和物质转化。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2396705

Carmen Schmechel

{"title":"Introduction: Medicine, Life, and Transformations of Matter.","authors":"Carmen Schmechel","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2396705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2024.2396705","url":null,"abstract":"This Ambix special issue explores premodern alchemical ideas and practices in their entanglements with medicine. It employs diverse methods, from traditional close reading to the new distant-reading framework of computational humanities, to investigate alchemical thought over a timespan of several centuries. In medieval times, everyday practices could offer heuristic models of material transformation - such as the fermentation of bread as a model for metallic transmutation (Schmechel). Paracelsus relied on \"fire\" to link his natural philosophy with his medical alchemy; new computational methods show how his ideas evolved over time (Hedesan). Early modern medical pluralism favoured the thriving of chemical medicine in Italy; diplomatic efforts introduced chemical remedies into acknowledged pharmacopoeias (Clericuzio). An English physician offers William Cavendish both practical distillation recipes and the hope of learning more about the principles of chemistry (Begley). In eighteenth-century France, Diderot draws on chemical ideas to blur the conceptual boundary between living and non-living matter (Wolfe). The papers largely adhere to integrated history and philosophy of science (iHPS) and to a pragmatist \"operational ideal of knowledge\" (Chang). They showcase the interdisciplinarity of premodern scientific thought and examine how medicine and alchemy, but also theory and (everyday) practice informed each other fruitfully across the ages.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leaven of Dough, Ferment of Gold: The Breadmaking Analogy in Medieval Metallic Transmutation. 面团的酵母，黄金的发酵：中世纪金属嬗变中的面包制作类比。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2396702

Carmen Schmechel

{"title":"Leaven of Dough, Ferment of Gold: The Breadmaking Analogy in Medieval Metallic Transmutation.","authors":"Carmen Schmechel","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2396702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2024.2396702","url":null,"abstract":"This paper traces the analogy between the making of bread with ferment (leaven or yeast) and theories of metallic transmutation throughout the Middle Ages. For this purpose it surveys several medieval alchemical writings, including Hortulanus's influential Commentary on the Emerald Tablet. In this work, the ferment, an essential ingredient of the philosophers' stone, is portrayed less as an active agent and more as the passive, nutritive earth (terra nutrix) which combines with the soul (anima) in order to yield the stone (lapis). I argue that the background of these theories has both a practical and a medical-theoretical dimension. The practical aspect derives from historical everyday practices of making bread from sourdough, and using old yeast \"starter\" as a kind of inoculum to speed up the fermentation of a new batch of fresh dough. The medical-theoretical framework for the understanding of ferment action was likely provided by the widely influential Galenic idea of whole substance action (Gr. καθ᾽ὅλην τὴν οὐσίαν, Lat. tota substantia), initially developed by Galen in pharmacology and later imported into alchemy via Arabic medicine. Together, these aspects converge into a successful model of \"inoculation-emergence,\" which underlies many medieval and early modern theories of fermentation, both medical and alchemical.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emil Fischer’s “From My Life”: English Translation of “Aus meinem Leben.” 埃米尔-费舍尔的 "我的生活"："Aus meinem Leben "英译本。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2390779

Helge Kragh

引用次数: 0

Fire, Vulcanus, Archeus, and Alchemy: A Hybrid Close-Distant Reading of Paracelsus's Thought on Active Agents. 火、火神、阿克苏斯和炼金术：帕拉塞尔苏斯关于活性剂思想的近距离混合解读。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2367396

Georgiana D Hedesan

{"title":"Fire, Vulcanus, Archeus, and Alchemy: A Hybrid Close-Distant Reading of Paracelsus's Thought on Active Agents.","authors":"Georgiana D Hedesan","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2367396","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2367396","url":null,"abstract":"The Swiss physician and philosopher Theophrastus von Hohenheim, called Paracelsus (1493-1541) is known for his strong advocacy of medical alchemy. That his natural philosophy was tied to medical alchemy is perhaps uncontroversial, but just how it was so is less straightforward. This article provides an insight into the connection between the two by means of Paracelsus's concept of active agents, with an emphasis on fire, its master Vulcanus, and the associated term Archeus. I will show how these evolved in the thought of Paracelsus by taking an evolutionary view of his works. The complexity of his views comes to light as a result of employing the method of hybrid reading, which integrates the traditional close reading technique with the much more novel one of distant reading. The latter is part of the emerging field of digital and computational humanities, and involves the analysis of corpora by means of digital tools, including computer programming (Python). In the article, I will attempt to combine distant and close reading and showcase how such hybrid reading approaches may provide new insights into historical corpora.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diderot's Vital Materialism. 狄德罗的唯物主义

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2379961

Charles Wolfe

{"title":"Diderot's Vital Materialism.","authors":"Charles Wolfe","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2379961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2024.2379961","url":null,"abstract":"In what follows I examine Diderot's chemically influenced vital materialism. Once condemned as \"mechanistic,\" materialism has had something of a renaissance in recent decades as scholars have rediscovered a tradition of \"vital materialism\" which they have opposed to older, cruder forms of the idea, e.g. materialisms full of life, affect, chimiatry, and transformation. Sometimes these rediscoveries have attached themselves to a figure of the past, like Margaret Cavendish's metaphysics of active matter, or to a construct of the still-emerging future, like Karen Barad's quantum physics-nourished \"agential realism\" present in all of matter. Another question concerns the extent to which these revivals of \"vital\" or \"active-matter\" materialism should be traced back to older Renaissance naturalisms. In what follows, I return to Diderot and the question of his \"vital materialism.\" Diderot draws both on older traditions, approvingly citing Van Helmont and gesturing towards a new chemistry of living matter and also speaks the language of scientific revolution, writing that \"We are on the verge of a great revolution in the sciences.\" In earlier work I sought to connect this language of revolution in the sciences to the emergence of biology as a science. Here I focus on his chemically charged materialism.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distilling the Art of Distillation in an Unstudied Manuscript of "Chymicall Notions". 在未经研究的 "Chymicall Notions "手稿中提炼蒸馏艺术。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2371260

Justin Begley

引用次数: 0

The Emergence of Chemical Medicine in Early Modern Naples (1600-1660). 现代早期那不勒斯化学医学的兴起（1600-1660 年）。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2375432

Antonio Clericuzio

{"title":"The Emergence of Chemical Medicine in Early Modern Naples (1600-1660).","authors":"Antonio Clericuzio","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2024.2375432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2024.2375432","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing interest in Italian medicine, comparatively little attention has been paid to the establishment of iatrochemistry. Though this process spread throughout the Peninsula, Naples witnessed an impressive growth of chemical research and the outbreak of a conflict between the medical establishment and the chemical physicians. The purpose of this article is to explore the emergence of chemical medicine in Naples in the period that precedes the founding (1663) of the Accademia degli Investiganti. In the first part of the seventeenth century, chemistry achieved recognition in settings like academies, pharmacies, hospitals, and monasteries. Chemical studies and the making of new remedies were spurred by the scientific exchange that Neapolitan savants established with scholars from different areas. The so-called medical pluralism and the recurrent outbreaks of epidemics stimulated the introduction of new chemical therapies, which coexisted with old ones. The establishment of chemical medicine was triggered by Marco Aurelio Severino (1580-1656), who, besides promoting chemical remedies, resorted to chemical theories, including Paracelsian ones, to account for physiological processes. Severino was the mentor of the chemical physicians who gave rise to the Accademia degli Investiganti. One of Severino's disciples was Giuseppe Donzelli (1596-1670), who fostered chemical remedies in Naples.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ketens van Fossiele Grondstoffen: Procestechnologie en de transitie naar duurzaamheid 化石资源链：工艺技术和向可持续性的过渡

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2368942

Frank Veraart

引用次数: 0

Morris Award 2024. 2024 年莫里斯奖

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2372195

引用次数: 0

Fragments of Alchemy from a Cairene Synagogue: Context, Codicology, and Contents of the Alchemical Corpus of the Cairo Genizah. 来自开罗犹太教堂的炼金术片段：开罗 Genizah 炼金术语料库的背景、编纂学和内容。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Ambix Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2343517

Gabriele Ferrario

引用次数: 0