Ambix最新文献

{"title":"<i>The Book on Alums and Salts</i> of Pseudo-Rāzī.","authors":"Gabriele Ferrario","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2222505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2222505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 sup1","pages":"S1-S208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contamination of the Earth. A History of Pollutions in the Industrial Age","authors":"Pablo Corral-Broto","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2156109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2156109","url":null,"abstract":"Jarrige and Le Roux’s book appeared in French in 2017; three years later MIT Press published a translation of this excellent work on the history of pollution. The book makes an important contribution to the fields of environmental history, social and economic history, the history of law and the state, histories of science and technology, and political ecology or ecological economics, among other eco-disciplines. It analyses pollution from the point of view of production and consumption, regulation, industrial lobbying, labour pressure, and devotion to economic growth all over the planet. Thus it presents a global history of pollution, divided chronologically into three parts from 1700 to the present day. The first part traces the emergence of industrial pollution between 1700 and 1830, from agrarian states and rural pollution to industrialisation and urban pollution. During this time there was a mandatory distance of more than twenty kilometres of gunpowder factories from cities, enforced by a public health police. But coal cities carried out what they called “the regulatory revolution” (p. 63). These changes in the protection, estimation, and compensation of industrial damage have been widely studied by historians. Jarrige and Le Roux, both experts on France, have managed to extend this story to all the industrial countries of the nineteenth century. The second part, “Naturalizing Pollutions in the Age of Progress (1830–1914),” shows that the pattern was global: instead of shutting down polluting factories, notions of progress required protecting them with new experts and new interpretations of the law. Chemistry became a “new frontier” (p. 106), organised and prepared to pollute without limits for the sake of progress. Thus were born the great chemical multinational corporations at the end of the nineteenth century, as well as new solvents, fertilisers, insecticides, and synthetic products. Legal and regulatory change up to the GreatWar was also global and always aimed at protecting the industry. This explains why public and neighbourhood protests were ubiquitous but unresolved, and not even the hygienists questioned the benefits of chemistry","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"104 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46832250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tóxicos: pasado y presente. Pensar históricamente un mundo tóxico","authors":"Judit Gil-Farrero","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2140979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2140979","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"100 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43375616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingenuity in the Making: Matter and Technique in Early Modern Europe","authors":"Wenrui Zhao","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2146352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2146352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"99 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46914265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHAC Special ICHC13 Award Scheme - Grants to Support Attendance at ICHC13 in Vilnius, May 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2134615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2134615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"69 4","pages":"434-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9715923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"150 Years of the Periodic Table: A Commemorative Symposium","authors":"Guillermo Restrepo","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2137978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2137978","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Ambix (Vol. 70, No. 1, 2023)","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"150 Years of the Periodic Table: A Commemorative Symposium","authors":"Guillermo Restrepo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-67910-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67910-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"102 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-030-67910-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43502411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biographical Histories of Chemistry","authors":"H. Kragh","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2112850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2112850","url":null,"abstract":"As Mary Jo Nye noted in an essay in the first issue of Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, the genre of biography maintains a great appeal among general readers, working chemists, and scholars of the academic community. The two books under review belong to this broad and increasingly popular genre of biography of chemists and they are both published by the Springer company. However, otherwise they are quite different and for this reason they will be dealt with separately. Some Forgotten Chemists is a slim volume sold by Springer at an unreasonably high price as part of the series Perspectives on the History of Chemistry, edited by Seth Rasmussen. It consists of seventeen chapters, sixteen of which describe the life and career of a chemist who is claimed to be forgotten or is little known today (one of the chapters is a summary account of “Women Pioneers” in general). The author is Brian Halton, a British-New Zealand chemist who, from 1968 to his death in 2019, worked at the Victoria University of Wellington, where he wrote a series of articles on little-remembered yet significant chemists in the local journal Chemistry in New Zealand. These biographical articles have now been collected into a book format. Somewhat unimaginatively, they appear in alphabetical order, starting with Carl Friedrich Accum and ending with William John Young. In this way each chapter is self-contained, much like in biographical dictionaries such as the authoritative multi-volumeDictionary of Scientific Biography or, to mention a less ambitious example from the history of chemistry, the Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker published in 1989. The obvious disadvantage of this kind of fragmented structure is that the book loses coherence and a common context. It is not possible to compare the separate chapters, nor is that the purpose of dictionary-like publications of this type.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"69 1","pages":"420 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Physicians: Tradition, Teaching, and Trials at Leiden University, 1575–1639","authors":"Anisia Iacob","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2107318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2107318","url":null,"abstract":"as well as his later rebellion against an academic career in Ghent, which he found stultifying, preferring to try his luck in America, with long absence from, and consequent negative impact on, his marriage to Céline Swarts. Mercellis dispels some myths, notably that Baekeland earned $750,000 by selling his invention of Velox photographic paper in 1899 to Eastman Kodak. In actuality, he shared this sum with two partners, Leonard Jacobi and Albert Hahn, making only $215,000 from the deal, which was nonetheless sufficient to set him up as an independent researcher. When he later referred to this period in his life and the sale of his interests in the Nepera Chemical Company, Baekeland failed to mention any partners, only using the pronoun “I” in his presentations, consequently gaining all the reputational benefit. Somewhat of an academic elitist, he nonetheless valued the practical approach rather than the theoretical, rejecting those in an academic “ivory tower” (p. 54). Baekeland made money in business but was careful to avoid mention of this when talking in academic circles, where he often focused on theoretical rather than practical approaches, postulating theories about the structure of his phenolic resins, which were later proven to be very much off the mark. He promoted industrial chemistry as “a service to society” (p. 183), regarding science and technology as superior in social and cultural value to literature and art, an opinion which did not endear him to some of his peers and provoked debate. However, as an entrepreneur of his time, he benefited from the increasing popularity of science and technology in the contemporary zeitgeist. The book is enriched by the use of a range of primary archives, notably sources in Ghent, Belgium, and better-known records in the United States. This research will be invaluable to historians of technology and the history of science.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"69 1","pages":"431 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patriotic Women: Chemistry and Gender in the Eighteenth-Century Spanish World.","authors":"Elena Serrano","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2022.2097492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2022.2097492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the second half of the eighteenth century, Western countries witnessed an explosion of societies and publishing initiatives aimed at creating and disseminating what contemporaries called useful knowledge. These \"economic societies,\" \"societies of friends of the country,\" or \"societies of improvers\" sought to improve their local communities through the scientific management of natural and social resources. This article analyses the opportunities that this movement of patriots opened up for women in chemistry, who went from being \"exceptional women\" to representing themselves as female \"friends of the country.\" This article shows the different ways in which these women \"friends of the country\" negotiated their authorship, agency, and public visibility in order to maintain gender conventions and the importance of their kinship networks. It also illustrates the other side of the coin: how women's contributions also benefited male scientific societies, which gained visibility and secured the social position of their members in enlightened circles.</p>","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"69 3","pages":"243-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9425727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}