Advances in Genetics最新文献_第3页

RecBCD enzyme and Chi recombination hotspots as determinants of self vs. non-self: Myths and mechanisms. RecBCD酶和Chi重组热点作为自我与非自我的决定因素:神话和机制。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.06.001

Suriyen Subramaniam, Gerald R Smith

{"title":"RecBCD enzyme and Chi recombination hotspots as determinants of self vs. non-self: Myths and mechanisms.","authors":"Suriyen Subramaniam, Gerald R Smith","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria face a challenge when DNA enters their cells by transformation, mating, or phage infection. Should they treat this DNA as an invasive foreigner and destroy it, or consider it one of their own and potentially benefit from incorporating new genes or alleles to gain useful functions? It is frequently stated that the short nucleotide sequence Chi (5' GCTGGTGG 3'), a hotspot of homologous genetic recombination recognized by Escherichia coli's RecBCD helicase-nuclease, allows E. coli to distinguish its DNA (self) from any other DNA (non-self) and to destroy non-self DNA, and that Chi is \"over-represented\" in the E. coli genome. We show here that these latter statements (dogmas) are not supported by available evidence. We note Chi's wide-spread occurrence and activity in distantly related bacterial species and phages. We illustrate multiple, highly non-random features of the genomes of E. coli and coliphage P1 that account for Chi's high frequency and genomic position, leading us to propose that P1 selects for Chi's enhancement of recombination, whereas E. coli selects for the preferred codons in Chi. We discuss other, previously described mechanisms for self vs. non-self determination involving RecBCD and for RecBCD's destruction of DNA that cannot recombine, whether foreign or domestic, with or without Chi.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10047805/pdf/nihms-1867765.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Genetic factors governing bacterial virulence and host plant susceptibility during Agrobacterium infection. 农杆菌感染过程中控制细菌毒力和寄主植物敏感性的遗传因素。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.08.001

Benoit Lacroix, Vitaly Citovsky

{"title":"Genetic factors governing bacterial virulence and host plant susceptibility during Agrobacterium infection.","authors":"Benoit Lacroix, Vitaly Citovsky","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Several species of the Agrobacterium genus represent unique bacterial pathogens able to genetically transform plants, by transferring and integrating a segment of their own DNA (T-DNA, transferred DNA) in their host genome. Whereas in nature this process results in uncontrolled growth of the infected plant cells (tumors), this capability of Agrobacterium has been widely used as a crucial tool to generate transgenic plants, for research and biotechnology. The virulence of Agrobacterium relies on a series of virulence genes, mostly encoded on a large plasmid (Ti-plasmid, tumor inducing plasmid), involved in the different steps of the DNA transfer to the host cell genome: activation of bacterial virulence, synthesis and export of the T-DNA and its associated proteins, intracellular trafficking of the T-DNA and effector proteins in the host cell, and integration of the T-DNA in the host genomic DNA. Multiple interactions between these bacterial encoded proteins and host factors occur during the infection process, which determine the outcome of the infection. Here, we review our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which bacterial and plant factors control Agrobacterium virulence and host plant susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241481/pdf/nihms-1843315.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis in tumor progression. 肿瘤进展过程中血管生成的表观遗传调控。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.08.002

Vanessa Desantis, Antonio G Solimando, Domenico Ribatti

引用次数: 0

Genomic perspectives on the circadian clock hypothesis of psychiatric disorders. 从基因组角度看精神疾病的昼夜节律假说。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.005

Malcolm von Schantz, Mario A Leocadio-Miguel, Michael J McCarthy, Sergi Papiol, Dominic Landgraf

{"title":"Genomic perspectives on the circadian clock hypothesis of psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Malcolm von Schantz, Mario A Leocadio-Miguel, Michael J McCarthy, Sergi Papiol, Dominic Landgraf","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian rhythm disturbances are frequently described in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests a biological connection between mental health and circadian rhythmicity, including the circadian influence on brain function and mood and the requirement for circadian entrainment by external factors, which is often impaired in mental illness. Mental (as well as physical) health is also adversely affected by circadian misalignment. The marked interindividual differences in this combined susceptibility, in addition to the phenotypic spectrum in traits related both to circadian rhythms and mental health, suggested the possibility of a shared genetic background and that circadian clock genes may also be candidate genes for psychiatric disorders. This hypothesis was further strengthened by observations in animal models where clock genes had been knocked out or mutated. The introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enabled hypothesis-free testing. GWAS analysis of chronotype confirmed the prominent role of circadian genes in these phenotypes and their extensive polygenicity. However, in GWAS on psychiatric traits, only one clock gene, ARNTL (BMAL1) was identified as one of the few loci differentiating bipolar disorder from schizophrenia, and macaque monkeys where the ARNTL gene has been knocked out display symptoms similar to schizophrenia. Another lesson from genomic analyses is that chronotype has an important genetic correlation with several psychiatric disorders and that this effect is unidirectional. We conclude that the effect of circadian disturbances on psychiatric disorders probably relates to modulation of rhythm parameters and extend beyond the core clock genes themselves.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25412365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Series Page 系列页面

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(21)00022-5

引用次数: 0

Genetics of prostate cancer and its utility in treatment and screening. 前列腺癌的遗传学及其在治疗和筛查中的应用。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.006

S Benafif, H Ni Raghallaigh, J McHugh, R Eeles

{"title":"Genetics of prostate cancer and its utility in treatment and screening.","authors":"S Benafif, H Ni Raghallaigh, J McHugh, R Eeles","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer heritability is attributed to a combination of rare, moderate to highly penetrant genetic variants as well as commonly occurring variants conferring modest risks [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)]. Some of the former type of variants (e.g., BRCA2 mutations) predispose particularly to aggressive prostate cancer and confer poorer prognoses compared to men who do not carry mutations. Molecularly targeted treatments such as PARP inhibitors have improved outcomes in men carrying somatic and/or germline DNA repair gene mutations. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring other molecular targeted approaches based on prostate cancer somatic alterations. Genome wide association studies have identified >250 loci that associate with prostate cancer risk. Multi-ancestry analyses have identified shared as well as population specific risk SNPs. Prostate cancer risk SNPs can be used to estimate a polygenic risk score (PRS) to determine an individual's genetic risk of prostate cancer. The odds ratio of prostate cancer development in men whose PRS lies in the top 1% of the risk profile ranges from 9 to 11. Ongoing studies are investigating the utility of a prostate cancer PRS to target population screening to those at highest risk. With the advent of personalized medicine and development of DNA sequencing technologies, access to clinical genetic testing is increasing, and oncology guidelines from bodies such as NCCN and ESMO have been updated to provide criteria for germline testing of \"at risk\" healthy men as well as those with prostate cancer. Both germline and somatic prostate cancer research have significantly evolved in the past decade and will lead to further development of precision medicine approaches to prostate cancer treatment as well as potentially developing precision population screening models.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39944451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Novel omics technology driving translational research in precision oncology. 新的组学技术推动精准肿瘤学的转化研究。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.003

Anubhav Basu, Anshul Budhraja, Juwayria, Dasari Abhilash, Ishaan Gupta

引用次数: 1

PARP inhibitors in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and other cancers: A review. PARP抑制剂在遗传性乳腺癌、卵巢癌和其他癌症中的作用:综述

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.002

Prashant Mehta, Sneha J Bothra

引用次数: 3

Preface. 前言。