Advances in Genetics最新文献_第10页

Delivery of Biomolecules via Extracellular Vesicles: A Budding Therapeutic Strategy. 通过细胞外囊泡传递生物分子:一种新兴的治疗策略。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.08.002

Devin M Stranford, Joshua N Leonard

引用次数: 16

The Genetics of Parkinson Disease. 帕金森病的遗传学。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.08.001

Lina Mastrangelo

引用次数: 8

Natural Variation of the Circadian Clock in Neurospora. 神经孢子虫生物钟的自然变异。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.001

Bala S C Koritala, Kwangwon Lee

{"title":"Natural Variation of the Circadian Clock in Neurospora.","authors":"Bala S C Koritala, Kwangwon Lee","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Most living organisms on earth experience daily and expected changes from the rotation of the earth. For an organism, the ability to predict and prepare for incoming stresses or resources is a very important skill for survival. This cellular process of measuring daily time of the day is collectively called the circadian clock. Because of its fundamental role in survival in nature, there is a great interest in studying the natural variation of the circadian clock. However, characterizing the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying natural variation of circadian clocks remains a challenging task. In this chapter, we will summarize the progress in studying natural variation of the circadian clock in the successful eukaryotic model Neurospora, which led to discovering many design principles of the molecular mechanisms of the eukaryotic circadian clock. Despite the success of the system in revealing the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock, Neurospora has not been utilized to extensively study natural variation. We will review the challenges that hindered the natural variation studies in Neurospora, and how they were overcome. We will also review the advantages of Neurospora for natural variation studies. Since Neurospora is the model fungal species for circadian study, it represents over 5 million species of fungi on earth. These fungi play important roles in ecosystems on earth, and as such Neurospora could serve as an important model for understanding the ecological role of natural variation in fungal circadian clocks.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"99 ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35526780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Preface. 前言。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2660(17)30048-2

Stephen F Goodwin

引用次数: 0

Multiple Approaches to Phylogenomic Reconstruction of the Fungal Kingdom. 真菌王国系统基因组重建的多种方法。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.006

Charley G P McCarthy, David A Fitzpatrick

引用次数: 12

Natural Variation and Genetics of Photoperiodism in Wyeomyia smithii. 史密斯威米亚光周期的自然变异与遗传。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.002

William E Bradshaw, Christina M Holzapfel

{"title":"Natural Variation and Genetics of Photoperiodism in Wyeomyia smithii.","authors":"William E Bradshaw, Christina M Holzapfel","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal change in the temperate and polar regions of Earth determines how the world looks around us and, in fact, how we live our day-to-day lives. For biological organisms, seasonal change typically involves complex physiological and metabolic reorganization, the majority of which is regulated by photoperiodism. Photoperiodism is the ability of animals and plants to use day length or night length, resulting in life-historical transformations, including seasonal development, migration, reproduction, and dormancy. Seasonal timing determines not only survival and reproductive success but also the structure and organization of complex communities and, ultimately, the biomes of Earth. Herein, a small mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, that lives only in the water-filled leaves of a carnivorous plant over a wide geographic range, is used to explore the genetic and evolutionary basis of photoperiodism. Photoperiodism in W. smithii is considered in the context of its historical biogeography in nature to examine the startling finding that recent rapid climate change can drive genetic change in plants and animals at break-neck speed, and to challenge the ponderous 80+ year search for connections between daily and seasonal time-keeping mechanisms. Finally, a model is proposed that reconciles the seemingly disparate 24-h daily clock driven by the invariant rotation of Earth about its axis with the evolutionarily flexible seasonal timer orchestrated by variable seasonality driven by the rotation of Earth about the Sun.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"99 ","pages":"39-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35526778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Deciphering Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum From a Phylogenomics Perspective. 从系统基因组学角度解读尖孢镰刀菌致病性。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.010

Yong Zhang, Li-Jun Ma

{"title":"Deciphering Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum From a Phylogenomics Perspective.","authors":"Yong Zhang, Li-Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium oxysporum is a large species complex of both plant and human pathogens that attack a diverse array of species in a host-specific manner. Comparative genomic studies have revealed that the host-specific pathogenicity of the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC) was determined by distinct sets of supernumerary (SP) chromosomes. In contrast to common vertical transfer, where genetic materials are transmitted via cell division, SP chromosomes can be transmitted horizontally between phylogenetic lineages, explaining the polyphyletic nature of the host-specific pathogenicity of the FOSC. The existence of a diverse array of SP chromosomes determines the broad host range of this species complex, while the conserved core genome maintains essential house-keeping functions. Recognition of these SP chromosomes enables the functional and structural compartmentalization of F. oxysporum genomes. In this review, we examine the impact of this group of cross-kingdom pathogens on agricultural productivity and human health. Focusing on the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum in the phylogenomic framework of the genus Fusarium, we elucidate the evolution of pathogenicity within the FOSC. We conclude that a population genomics approach within a clearly defined phylogenomic framework is essential not only for understanding the evolution of the pathogenicity mechanism but also for identifying informative candidates associated with pathogenicity that can be developed as targets in disease management programs.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"100 ","pages":"179-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35263591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Integrated Genomic Medicine: A Paradigm for Rare Diseases and Beyond. 综合基因组医学：罕见病及其他疾病的典范。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.06.001

N J Schork, K Nazor

{"title":"Integrated Genomic Medicine: A Paradigm for Rare Diseases and Beyond.","authors":"N J Schork, K Nazor","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Individualized medicine, or the tailoring of therapeutic interventions to a patient's unique genetic, biochemical, physiological, exposure and behavioral profile, has been enhanced, if not enabled, by modern biomedical technologies such as high-throughput DNA sequencing platforms, induced pluripotent stem cell assays, biomarker discovery protocols, imaging modalities, and wireless monitoring devices. Despite successes in the isolated use of these technologies, however, it is arguable that their combined and integrated use in focused studies of individual patients is the best way to not only tailor interventions for those patients, but also shed light on treatment strategies for patients with similar conditions. This is particularly true for individuals with rare diseases since, by definition, they will require study without recourse to other individuals, or at least without recourse to many other individuals. Such integration and focus will require new biomedical scientific paradigms and infrastructure, including the creation of databases harboring study results, the formation of dedicated multidisciplinary research teams and new training programs. We consider the motivation and potential for such integration, point out areas in need of improvement, and argue for greater emphasis on improving patient health via technological innovations, not merely improving the technologies themselves. We also argue that the paradigm described can, in theory, be extended to the study of individuals with more common diseases.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"97 ","pages":"81-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35347145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Fungal Gene Cluster Diversity and Evolution. 真菌基因簇的多样性和进化

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.005

Jason C Slot

{"title":"Fungal Gene Cluster Diversity and Evolution.","authors":"Jason C Slot","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic gene clusters (MGCs) have provided some of the earliest glimpses at the biochemical machinery of yeast and filamentous fungi. MGCs encode diverse genetic mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and the synthesis/degradation of essential and adaptive metabolites. Beyond encoding the enzymes performing these discrete anabolic or catabolic processes, MGCs may encode a range of mechanisms that enable their persistence as genetic consortia; these include enzymatic mechanisms to protect their host fungi from their inherent toxicities, and integrated regulatory machinery. This modular, self-contained nature of MGCs contributes to the metabolic and ecological adaptability of fungi. The phylogenetic and ecological patterns of MGC distribution reflect the broad diversity of fungal life cycles and nutritional modes. While the origins of most gene clusters are enigmatic, MGCs are thought to be born into a genome through gene duplication, relocation, or horizontal transfer, and analyzing the death and decay of gene clusters provides clues about the mechanisms selecting for their assembly. Gene clustering may provide inherent fitness advantages through metabolic efficiency and specialization, but experimental evidence for this is currently limited. The identification and characterization of gene clusters will continue to be powerful tools for elucidating fungal metabolism as well as understanding the physiology and ecology of fungi.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"100 ","pages":"141-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35263590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Evolving Centromeres and Kinetochores. 进化着丝粒和着丝点。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.07.001

Steven Friedman, Michael Freitag

{"title":"Evolving Centromeres and Kinetochores.","authors":"Steven Friedman, Michael Freitag","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic material, contained on chromosomes, is often described as the \"blueprint for life.\" During nuclear division, the chromosomes are pulled into each of the two daughter nuclei by the coordination of spindle microtubules, kinetochores, centromeres, and chromatin. These four functional units must link the chromosomes to the microtubules, signal to the cell when the attachment is made so that division can proceed, and withstand the force generated by pulling the chromosomes to either daughter cell. To perform each of these functions, kinetochores are large protein complexes, approximately 5MDa in size, and they contain at least 45 unique proteins. Many of the central components in the kinetochore are well conserved, yielding a common core of proteins forming consistent structures. However, many of the peripheral subcomplexes vary between different taxonomic groups, including changes in primary sequence and gain or loss of whole proteins. It is still unclear how significant these changes are, and answers to this question may provide insights into adaptation to specific lifestyles or progression of disease that involve chromosome instability.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"98 ","pages":"1-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35442731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8