Advances in Genetics最新文献_第10页

Darwin's Pangenesis and Certain Anomalous Phenomena. 达尔文的泛生论和某些反常现象。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.009

Yongsheng Liu

引用次数: 8

Darwin and Mendel: The Historical Connection. 达尔文和孟德尔:历史联系。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.006

Yongsheng Liu

{"title":"Darwin and Mendel: The Historical Connection.","authors":"Yongsheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"Darwin carried out a host of carefully controlled cross- and self-pollination experiments in a wide variety of plants, and made a significant and imperishable contribution to the knowledge of hybridization. He not only clearly described the phenomenon of what he called prepotency and what we now call dominance or Mendelian inheritance, but also explained it by his Pangenesis. Recent discovery of small RNAs acting as dominance modifiers supports his Pangenesis regarding the control of prepotency by gemmules. Historical studies show that there is striking evidence that Mendel read Darwin's The Origin of Species, which had influenced his paper presented in 1865 and published in 1866. Although Mendel's paper has been considered a classic in the history of genetics, it generated much controversy since its rediscovery. Mendel's position as the father of genetics is being seriously challenged. Darwin's main contribution to genetics was the collection of a tremendous amount of genetic data, and the formulation of a comprehensive genetical theory for their explanation. Over the past 150 years, however, Darwin's legacy to genetics, particularly his Pangenesis, has not been considered seriously by most geneticists. It is proposed that Darwin should have been regarded as one of the most important pioneers in genetics.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"102 ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36410577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

In Search of Darwin's Imaginary Gemmules. 《寻找达尔文想象中的双生子》

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.004

Yongsheng Liu

{"title":"In Search of Darwin's Imaginary Gemmules.","authors":"Yongsheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"Darwin's gemmules were supposed to be \"thrown off\" by cells and were \"inconceivably minute and numerous as the stars in heaven.\" They were capable of self-propagation and diffusion from cell to cell, and circulation through the system. The word \"gene\" coined by Wilhelm Johannsen, was derived from de Vries's term \"pangen,\" itself a substitute for \"gemmule\" in Darwin's Pangenesis. Johannsen resisted the \"morphological\" conception of genes as particles with a certain structure. Morgan's genes were considered to be stable entities arranged in an orderly linear pattern on chromosomes, like beads on a string. In the late 1940s, McClintock challenged the concept of the stability of the gene when she discovered that some genes could move within a chromosome and between chromosomes. In 1948, Mandel and Metais reported the presence of cell-free nucleic acids in human blood for the first time. Over the past several decades, it has been universally accepted that almost all types of cells not only shed molecules such as cell-free DNA (including genomic DNA, tumor DNA and fetal DNA), RNAs (including mRNA and small RNAs) and prions, but also release into the extracellular environment diverse types of membrane vesicles (known as extracellular vesicles) containing DNA, RNA and proteins. Thus Darwin's speculative gemmules of the 19th century have become the experimentally demonstrated circulating cell-free DNA, mobile RNAs, prions and extracellular vesicles.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"101 ","pages":"87-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36335153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Darwin's Pangenesis: A Theory of Everything? 达尔文的泛生论:万物理论?

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.001

Yongsheng Liu

{"title":"Darwin's Pangenesis: A Theory of Everything?","authors":"Yongsheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter briefly discusses Darwin's The Origin of Species and its companion volume The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. It is in the second great book that Darwin took a broad survey of the whole range of variation and heredity, and developed his Pangenesis, an expanded cell theory and a unified genetical theory that would strengthen his theory of evolution and explains the numerous phenomena of life. The essential assumption of Pangenesis is the existence of inherited particles or molecules called gemmules, and their production by cells at each stage of development. He assumed that besides the ordinary cellular division, cells could also \"throw off\" numerous and minute gemmules, which were capable of self-replication and dormancy, diffusion from cell to cell or circulation through the body, modification by the effects of use and disuse or environmental changes, union with nascent cells, aggregation into buds and germ cells, and transmission from parent to offspring. By his Pangenesis, Darwin not only explained the general phenomena pertaining to inheritance, variation, development and reproduction, but also the inheritance of acquired characters, prepotency, graft hybridization, reversion, regeneration, xenia, telegony, transposition, sex-linked inheritance, the inheritance and non-inheritance of mutilation, and many other facts. Darwin called Pangenesis his \"beloved child\", and firmly believed that it \"will turn out true some day!\"","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"101 ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36336266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Natural Selection and Pangenesis: The Darwinian Synthesis of Evolution and Genetics. 自然选择与泛生:进化论与遗传学的达尔文式综合。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.010

Yongsheng Liu

引用次数: 7

Darwin's Pangenesis and the Lamarckian Inheritance of Acquired Characters. 达尔文的泛生论与拉马克的获得性遗传。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.05.005

Yongsheng Liu

引用次数: 0

Natural Variation in Human Clocks. 人类时钟的自然变化。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.003

Malcolm von Schantz

{"title":"Natural Variation in Human Clocks.","authors":"Malcolm von Schantz","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"Our own species has a diurnal activity pattern and an average circadian period of 24.2h. Exact determination of circadian period requires expensive and intrusive protocols, and investigators are therefore using chronotype questionnaires as a proxy quantitative measure. Both measures show a normal distribution suggestive of a polygenic trait. The genetic components of the 24-h feedback loop that generates circadian rhythms within our cells have been mapped in detail, identifying a number of candidate genes which have been investigated for genetic polymorphisms relating to the phenotypic variance. Key in this mechanism is the inhibitory complex containing period and cryptochrome proteins and interacting protein kinases and ubiquitin ligases, and the stability of this complex is recognized as the major determinant of circadian periodicity. The identification of the causative mutations in familial circadian rhythms sleep disorders has shed additional light into this mechanism. Mutations in the negative feedback protein-encoding genes PER2 and CRY2 as well as the CSNK1D gene encoding casein kinase I delta have been shown to cause advanced sleep phase disorder, and a mutation in the CRY1 gene delayed sleep phase disorder. The candidate gene approach has also yielded a number of genetic associations with chronotype as determined by questionnaires. More recently, genome-wide association studies of chronotype have both confirmed associations with the candidate clock gene PER2 and identified a serious of novel genes associated with variability in circadian rhythmicity, which have yet to be explored. While considerable progress has thus been made with mapping the phenotypic diversity in human circadian rhythms and the genomic variability that causes it, studies to date have been mostly focused on individuals of European descent, and there is a strong need for research on other populations.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"99 ","pages":"73-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35526779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Sixteen Years of Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA. 未配对DNA导致减数分裂沉默的16年。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.11.001

T M Hammond

{"title":"Sixteen Years of Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA.","authors":"T M Hammond","doi":"10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa possesses a process called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). MSUD has a remarkable ability to scan homologous chromosomes for unpaired DNA during meiosis. After unpaired DNA is identified, MSUD silences all RNA from the unpaired DNA along with any RNA transcribed from homologous sequences at other locations in the genome, regardless of their pairing state. The mechanism by which unpaired DNA is detected is unknown. Unpaired DNA segments can be as short as 1.3kb, if not shorter, and DNA sequences with only a small level of polymorphism (6%) can be considered unpaired by MSUD. MSUD research has identified nine proteins required for full efficiency of the process, three of which are homologs of the canonical RNA interference (RNAi) proteins Dicer, Argonaute, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Most MSUD proteins, including the RNAi homologs, appear to dock outside of the nuclear envelope during early stages of meiosis. Only two have been observed inside the nucleus, a low number given that the identification of unpaired DNA and the triggering of silencing must begin within this location. These two proteins may participate in the unpaired DNA detection process. Recent evidence indicates that the search for unpaired DNA is spatially constrained, possibly because of restrictions on the arrangement of chromatin loops during or after homolog pairing. This review attempts to provide a complete analysis of past, present, and future directions of MSUD research, starting with its discovery during a search for a conserved regulator of fungal development and ending with some benefits the process may provide to MSUD capable organisms.","PeriodicalId":50949,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Genetics","volume":"97 ","pages":"1-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35347141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Delivery of Biomolecules via Extracellular Vesicles: A Budding Therapeutic Strategy. 通过细胞外囊泡传递生物分子:一种新兴的治疗策略。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.08.002

Devin M Stranford, Joshua N Leonard

引用次数: 16

The Genetics of Parkinson Disease. 帕金森病的遗传学。

4区生物学

Advances in Genetics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.08.001

Lina Mastrangelo

引用次数: 8