{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Identification of Cracks Using Ultrasonic Phased-Array Images","authors":"Lijuan Yang, Huan Liu, Desheng Wu, Zhibo Yang, Xuefeng Chen, Shaohua Tian","doi":"10.1007/s10338-024-00576-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-024-00576-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to realize the automatic recognition and classification of cracks with different depths, in this study, several deep convolutional neural networks including AlexNet, ResNet, and DenseNet were employed to identify and classify cracks at different depths and in various materials. An analysis process for the automatic classification of crack damage was presented. The image dataset used for model training was obtained from scanning experiments on aluminum and titanium alloy plates using an ultrasonic phased-array flaw detector. All models were trained and validated with the dataset; the proposed models were compared using classification precision and loss values. The results show that the automatic recognition and classification of crack depth can be realized by using the deep learning algorithm to analyze the ultrasonic phased array images, and the classification precision of DenseNet is the highest. The problem that ultrasonic damage identification relies on manual experience is solved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 5","pages":"803 - 814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanhan Chai, Xuefeng Zhu, Zikang Yang, An Xi, Chunhui Yang, Xiangkui Zhang, Ping Hu
{"title":"Isogeometric Shell Analysis of Multi-sided CAD Geometries Using Toric Surfaces","authors":"Hanhan Chai, Xuefeng Zhu, Zikang Yang, An Xi, Chunhui Yang, Xiangkui Zhang, Ping Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10338-024-00573-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-024-00573-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the challenges associated with multi-sided shells in traditional isogeometric analysis (IGA), this paper introduces a novel isogeometric shell method for trimmed CAD geometries based on toric surfaces and Reissner–Mindlin shell theory. By utilizing toric surface patches, both trimmed and untrimmed elements of the CAD surfaces are represented through a unified geometric framework, ensuring continuity and an accurate geometric description. Toric-Bernstein basis functions are employed to accurately interpolate the geometry and displacement of the trimmed shell. For singularities and corner points on the toric surface, the normal vector is defined as the unit directional vector from the center of curvature to the corresponding control point. Several numerical examples of polygonal shells are presented to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. This approach significantly simplifies the treatment of trimmed shell IGA and provides a promising solution for simulating complex shell structures with intricate boundaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 5","pages":"764 - 775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface to the “Mechanics of Batteries and Fuel Cells” Special Issue of Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","authors":"Rong Xu, Zheng Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s10338-025-00610-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-025-00610-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 3","pages":"341 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuo Zhao, Jindong Hao, Liuli Zhang, Hai Liu, Liyang Lin, Cuihua An, Qibo Deng
{"title":"Impact of Surface Microstructures on Diffusion-Induced Stress in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes: A Mechanical-Chemical Coupling Study","authors":"Shuo Zhao, Jindong Hao, Liuli Zhang, Hai Liu, Liyang Lin, Cuihua An, Qibo Deng","doi":"10.1007/s10338-024-00570-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-024-00570-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Lithium-ion deintercalation induces a significant volume change in battery electrodes during charging and discharging processes, which in turn generates a large diffusion-induced stress (DIS). This stress can cause microstructural damage, consequently degrading battery performance. This work simplifies the particles making up the electrode into spheres and studies the impact of the surface microstructure on the distribution of diffusion-induced stress. A mechanical-chemical coupling model was established to study the DIS in secondary particles, which were constructed by adding convex particles to the ball-shaped particle surfaces of the electrode material. It is observed that an increase in the number of convex particles results in a higher concentration of lithium ions within the electrode material, along with the first principal stresses within the material particles. In addition, the convex particles increase the local stresses around the ball-shaped particle surface. Therefore, a round surface on the electrode material particles is beneficial for preventing potential fractures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 3","pages":"500 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on Dislocation-Grain Boundary Penetration Model and Fracture Behavior of Poly-crystalline Materials in the Hydrogen Environment","authors":"Hongda Yang, Jiding Zhang, Xiaoyu Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10338-025-00605-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-025-00605-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a theoretical model of dislocation penetration through grain boundaries (GBs) in micro-crystalline materials, taking into account the interactions between dislocations and GBs in a hydrogen environment. It describes the pile-up and penetration of dislocations at GBs in poly-crystalline materials, and discusses the effects of grain size and GB disorientation angle on dislocation distribution within grains. The results reveal that decreasing grain size or increasing GB disorientation angle reduces the dislocation distribution region in grains. Moreover, the presence of hydrogen further decreases this distribution area, suggesting a reduction in dislocations emitted in a hydrogen environment. Consequently, this diminishes the shielding effect of slip band dislocations on crack growth and weakens the passivation ability of the crack, promoting increased crack propagation. The maximum reduction in the critical stress intensity factor for poly-crystalline materials in a hydrogen environment is approximately 16%. These results are significant for understanding the fracture behavior of poly-crystalline materials exposed to hydrogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 5","pages":"907 - 918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface to the Special Issue on “Experimental Mechanics at the Micro/Nanoscale”","authors":"Xide Li, Wei Qiu, Dabiao Liu, Mengxiong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10338-025-00592-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-025-00592-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 2","pages":"181 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huifeng Xi, Guicheng Zhao, Shuo Wang, Junkui Li, Linghui He, Bao Yang
{"title":"Failure Analyses of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Dynamic Loading Based on Detailed Computational Model","authors":"Huifeng Xi, Guicheng Zhao, Shuo Wang, Junkui Li, Linghui He, Bao Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10338-024-00550-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-024-00550-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric vehicles, powered by electricity stored in a battery pack, are developing rapidly due to the rapid development of energy storage and the related motor systems being environmentally friendly. However, thermal runaway is the key scientific problem in battery safety research, which can cause fire and even lead to battery explosion under impact loading. In this work, a detailed computational model simulating the mechanical deformation and predicting the short-circuit onset of the 18,650 cylindrical battery is established. The detailed computational model, including the anode, cathode, separator, winding, and battery casing, is then developed under the indentation condition. The failure criteria are subsequently established based on the force–displacement curve and the separator failure. Two methods for improving the anti-short circuit ability are proposed. Results show the three causes of the short circuit and the failure sequence of components and reveal the reason why the fire is more serious under dynamic loading than under quasi-static loading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 3","pages":"526 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Wang, You Li, Chenglin Pua, Dihan Yao, Wanying He, Xiaoyu Yang, Xiaoge Wang, Mengxiong Liu, Xide Li
{"title":"Atomic-Scale Strain Field Mapping Methods for HR-TEM and HR-STEM Images","authors":"Jie Wang, You Li, Chenglin Pua, Dihan Yao, Wanying He, Xiaoyu Yang, Xiaoge Wang, Mengxiong Liu, Xide Li","doi":"10.1007/s10338-024-00564-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-024-00564-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atomic-scale strain mapping has become increasingly vital for investigating deformation mechanisms and the governing principles of solid materials. This is due to the significant impact of atomic-scale strain on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of nanomaterials that comprise functional devices such as nanoelectronics, communication devices, electromechanical systems, and sensors. The advent of advanced electron microscopes has enabled the acquisition of high-magnification images with atomic resolution, providing an exceptional platform for measuring the atomic-scale strain of solid materials. However, accurate and unified strain mapping methods and standards for evaluating atomic-scale strain distribution remain scarce. Consequently, a unified strain mapping framework is proposed for atomic-scale strain measurement. Utilizing finite deformation analysis and the least-squares mathematical method, two types of atomic-scale strain field mapping methods have been developed, including the phase analysis-based methods (PAD and PAS) and the peak matching-based strain mapping method (PMS) for high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope images. The prototypical 2D materials, graphene and molybdenum disulfide, serve as the subjects for the strain field mapping research, conducted through both simulation and experimentation. Upon comparing the theoretical strain mapping results of single-layer graphene and molybdenum disulfide with and without defects, it is demonstrated that the proposed strain mapping methods, particularly the PMS method, can accurately describe the large deformation surrounding a significant strain gradient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 2","pages":"275 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jicheng Li, Hongling Ye, Nan Wei, Yongjia Dong, Sujun Wang
{"title":"Efficient Topology Optimization Design for Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer Structure Based on ResUNet-Involved Generative Adversarial Nets","authors":"Jicheng Li, Hongling Ye, Nan Wei, Yongjia Dong, Sujun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10338-025-00587-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-025-00587-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a data-driven topology optimization (TO) method is proposed for the efficient design of three-dimensional heat transfer structures. The presented method is composed of four parts. Firstly, the three-dimensional heat transfer topology optimization (HTTO) dataset, composed of both design parameters and the corresponding HTTO configuration, is established by the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method. Secondly, a high-performance surrogate model, named ResUNet-assisted generative adversarial nets (ResUNet-GAN), is developed by combining ReUNet and generative and adversarial nets (GAN). Thirdly, the same-resolution (SR) ResUNet-GAN is deployed to design three-dimensional heat transfer configurations by feeding design parameters. Finally, the finite element mesh of the optimized configuration is refined by the cross-resolution (CR) ResUNet-GAN to obtain near-optimal three-dimensional heat transfer configurations. Compared with conventional TO methods, the proposed method has two outstanding advantages: (1) the developed surrogate model establishes the end-to-end mapping from the design parameters to the three-dimensional configuration without any need for optimization iterations and finite element analysis; (2) both the SR ResUNet-GAN and the CR ResUNet-GAN can be employed individually or in combination to achieve each function, according to the needs of heat transfer structures. The data-driven method provides an efficient design framework for three-dimensional practical engineering problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 5","pages":"857 - 871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring Mechanical Parameters of 2D Materials Based on the Bulge Test","authors":"Xuwei Cui, Wenlong Dong, Yuan Hou, Guorui Wang, Luqi Liu, Zhong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10338-024-00559-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10338-024-00559-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bulge test is a widely utilized method for assessing the mechanical properties of thin films, including metals, polymers, and semiconductors. However, as film thickness diminishes to nanometer scales, boundary conditions dominated by weak van der Waals forces significantly impact mechanical responses. Instead of sample fracture, interfacial shear deformation and delamination become the primary deformation modes, thereby challenging the applicability of conventional bulge models. To accommodate the interfacial effect, a modified mechanical model based on the bulge test has been proposed. This review summarizes recent advancements in the bulge test to highlight the potential challenges and opportunities for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50892,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica","volume":"38 2","pages":"218 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}