Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology最新文献_第8页

Mitochondria Inspire a Lifestyle. 线粒体激发一种生活方式。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_5

Peter Kramer, Paola Bressan

{"title":"Mitochondria Inspire a Lifestyle.","authors":"Peter Kramer, Paola Bressan","doi":"10.1007/102_2018_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/102_2018_5","url":null,"abstract":"Tucked inside our cells, we animals (and plants, and fungi) carry mitochondria, minuscule descendants of bacteria that invaded our common ancestor 2 billion years ago. This unplanned breakthrough endowed our ancestors with a convenient, portable source of energy, enabling them to progress towards more ambitious forms of life. Mitochondria still manufacture most of our energy; we have evolved to invest it to grow and produce offspring, and to last long enough to make it all happen. Yet because the continuous generation of energy is inevitably linked to that of toxic free radicals, mitochondria give us life and give us death. Stripping away clutter and minutiae, here we present a big-picture perspective of how mitochondria work, how they are passed on virtually only by mothers, and how they shape the lifestyles of species and individuals. We discuss why restricting food prolongs lifespan, why reproducing shortens it, and why moving about protects us from free radicals despite increasing their production. We show that our immune cells use special mitochondria to keep control over our gut microbes. And we lay out how the fabrication of energy and free radicals sets the internal clocks that command our everyday rhythms-waking, eating, sleeping. Mitochondria run the show.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/102_2018_5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36834700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Exogenous Factors May Differentially Influence the Selective Costs of mtDNA Mutations. 外源因素可能对mtDNA突变的选择成本产生不同的影响。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_2

Wen C Aw, Michael R Garvin, J William O Ballard

{"title":"Exogenous Factors May Differentially Influence the Selective Costs of mtDNA Mutations.","authors":"Wen C Aw, Michael R Garvin, J William O Ballard","doi":"10.1007/102_2018_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/102_2018_2","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we provide evidence to suggest that the cost of specific mtDNA mutations can be influenced by exogenous factors. We focus on macronutrient-mitochondrial DNA interactions as factors that may differentially influence the consequences of a change as mitochondria must be flexible in its utilization of dietary proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. To understand this fundamental dynamic, we briefly discuss the energy processing pathways in mitochondria. Next, we explore the mitochondrial functions that are initiated during energy deficiency or when cells encounter cellular stress. We consider the anterograde response (nuclear control of mitochondrial function) and the retrograde response (nuclear changes in response to mitochondrial signaling) and how this mito-nuclear crosstalk may be influenced by exogenous factors such as temperature and diet. Finally, we employ Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport system as a case study and discuss the potential role of the dietary macronutrient ratio as a strong selective force that may shape the frequencies of mitotypes in populations and species. We conclude that this underexplored field likely has implications in the fundamental disciplines of evolutionary biology and quantitative genetics and the more biomedical fields of nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/102_2018_2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36758628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Transmission of Dysfunctional Mitochondrial DNA and Its Implications for Mammalian Reproduction. 功能失调线粒体DNA的传递及其对哺乳动物生殖的影响。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_3

Kanokwan Srirattana, Justin C St John

{"title":"Transmission of Dysfunctional Mitochondrial DNA and Its Implications for Mammalian Reproduction.","authors":"Kanokwan Srirattana, Justin C St John","doi":"10.1007/102_2018_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/102_2018_3","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins for the electron transport chain which produces the vast majority of cellular energy. MtDNA has its own replication and transcription machinery that relies on nuclear-encoded transcription and replication factors. MtDNA is inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion as maternal-only mtDNA is passed onto the next generation. Mutation to mtDNA can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which affects energy production and tissue and organ function. In somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), there is an issue with the mixing of two populations of mtDNA, namely from the donor cell and recipient oocyte. This review focuses on the transmission of mtDNA in SCNT embryos and offspring. The transmission of donor cell mtDNA can be prevented by depleting the donor cell of its mtDNA using mtDNA depletion agents prior to SCNT. As a result, SCNT embryos harbour oocyte-only mtDNA. Moreover, culturing SCNT embryos derived from mtDNA depleted cells in media supplemented with a nuclear reprograming agent can increase the levels of expression of genes related to embryo development when compared with non-depleted cell-derived embryos. Furthermore, we have reviewed how mitochondrial supplementation in oocytes can have beneficial effects for SCNT embryos by increasing mtDNA copy number and the levels of expression of genes involved in energy production and decreasing the levels of expression of genes involved in embryonic cell death. Notably, there are beneficial effects of mtDNA supplementation over the use of nuclear reprograming agents in terms of regulating gene expression in embryos. Taken together, manipulating mtDNA in donor cells and/or oocytes prior to SCNT could enhance embryo production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/102_2018_3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36884161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of mtDNA: An Unappreciated Defiance of a General Rule. mtDNA的双单代遗传:对一般规律的蔑视。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_4

Eleftherios Zouros, George C Rodakis

{"title":"Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of mtDNA: An Unappreciated Defiance of a General Rule.","authors":"Eleftherios Zouros, George C Rodakis","doi":"10.1007/102_2018_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/102_2018_4","url":null,"abstract":"We recount the basic observations about doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mtDNA in bivalvian mollusks with an emphasis on those that were obtained from work in Mytilus and appeared after the review by Zouros (Evol Biol 40:1-31, 2013). Using this information, we present a new model about DUI that is a revised version of previously suggested models. The model can be summarized as follows. A Mytilus female either provides its eggs with the \"masculinizing\" factor S and the \"sperm mitochondria binding\" factor Z, or it does not. This property of the female is determined by two nuclear genes, S and Z, that are always in the on/on or the off/off phase. In fertilized eggs without factors S and Z the embryo develops into a female and the sperm mitochondria are randomly dispersed among cells following development. In fertilized eggs with factors S and Z, the first factor causes the cell to become eventually sperm and the second causes the sperm mitochondria to aggregate and anchor to the nuclear membrane by binding to a specific motif of the sperm-derived mtDNA. Factors S and Z are continuously co-synthesized and co-localized in the cell line from the egg to the sperm. The sperm mitochondria of the aggregate escape the mechanism that eliminates the cell's mitochondria before the formation of the sperm. The rescued mitochondria are subsequently packed into five mega-mitochondria in the sperm and are delivered in the egg.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/102_2018_4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36901729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Autophagosomal Sperm Organelle Clearance and mtDNA Inheritance in C. elegans. 线虫自噬体精子细胞器清除与mtDNA遗传。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_1

Jorge Merlet, Karinna Rubio-Peña, Sara Al Rawi, Vincent Galy

{"title":"Autophagosomal Sperm Organelle Clearance and mtDNA Inheritance in C. elegans.","authors":"Jorge Merlet, Karinna Rubio-Peña, Sara Al Rawi, Vincent Galy","doi":"10.1007/102_2018_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/102_2018_1","url":null,"abstract":"The nematode C. elegans represents a powerful experimental system with key properties and advantages to study the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial DNA maternal inheritance and paternal components sorting. First, the transmission is uniparental and maternal as in many animal species; second, at fertilization sperm cells contain both mitochondria and mtDNA; and third, the worm allows powerful genetics and cell biology approaches to characterize the mechanisms underlying the uniparental and maternal transmission of mtDNA. Fertilization of C. elegans oocyte occurs inside the transparent body when the mature oocyte resumes meiosis I and passes through the spermatheca. One amoeboid sperm cell fuses with the oocyte and delivers its whole content. Among the structures entering the embryo, the sperm mitochondria and a fraction of the nematode-specific membranous organelles are rapidly degraded, whereas others like centrioles and sperm genomic DNA are transmitted. In this chapter, we will review the knowledge acquired on sperm inherited organelles clearance during the recent years using C. elegans.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/102_2018_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36758627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Origin of a New Progenitor Stem Cell Group in Human Development 一个新的祖干细胞群在人类发育中的起源

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02050-7

Prof. Dr. Hubert Wartenberg, Prof. Dr. Andreas Miething, Assoc. Prof. Kjeld Møllgård

引用次数: 0

The Pulvinar Thalamic Nucleus of Non-Human Primates: Architectonic and Functional Subdivisions 非人灵长类动物的丘脑髓核：结构和功能细分

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5

MD Ricardo Gattass, MD Juliana G.M. Soares, Ph.D. Bruss Lima

引用次数: 9

Modulation of Pulvinar Neuronal Activity by Arousal. 唤醒对枕侧神经元活动的调节。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_10

Ricardo Gattass, Juliana G M Soares, Bruss Lima

引用次数: 1

Transcription Factors Regulating Embryonic Development of Pulmonary Vasculature. 调控肺血管胚胎发育的转录因子。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_1

Craig Bolte, Jeffrey A Whitsett, Tanya V Kalin, Vladimir V Kalinichenko

{"title":"Transcription Factors Regulating Embryonic Development of Pulmonary Vasculature.","authors":"Craig Bolte, Jeffrey A Whitsett, Tanya V Kalin, Vladimir V Kalinichenko","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_1","url":null,"abstract":"Lung morphogenesis is a highly orchestrated process beginning with the appearance of lung buds on approximately embryonic day 9.5 in the mouse. Endodermally derived epithelial cells of the primitive lung buds undergo branching morphogenesis to generate the tree-like network of epithelial-lined tubules. The pulmonary vasculature develops in close proximity to epithelial progenitor cells in a process that is regulated by interactions between the developing epithelium and underlying mesenchyme. Studies in transgenic and knockout mouse models demonstrate that normal lung morphogenesis requires coordinated interactions between cells lining the tubules, which end in peripheral saccules, juxtaposed to an extensive network of capillaries. Multiple growth factors, microRNAs, transcription factors, and their associated signaling cascades regulate cellular proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation during formation of the peripheral lung. Dysregulation of signaling events caused by gene mutations, teratogens, or premature birth causes severe congenital and acquired lung diseases in which normal alveolar architecture and the pulmonary capillary network are disrupted. Herein, we review scientific progress regarding signaling and transcriptional mechanisms regulating the development of pulmonary vasculature during lung morphogenesis.","PeriodicalId":50879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9780357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Cytoarchitecture and Myeloarchitecture of the Pulvinar. Pulvinar的细胞结构和骨髓结构。

4区生物学

Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_2

Ricardo Gattass, Juliana G M Soares, Bruss Lima

引用次数: 1