Advances in Immunology最新文献_第3页

Modulating the head & neck microbiome for cancer- prevention. 调节头颈部微生物群以预防癌症。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.006

Sherin James, Akhilesh M Wodeyar, Akhilanand Chaurasia

{"title":"Modulating the head & neck microbiome for cancer- prevention.","authors":"Sherin James, Akhilesh M Wodeyar, Akhilanand Chaurasia","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"The head and neck microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining epithelial homeostasis, regulating immune surveillance, and shaping inflammatory responses that influence carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis within the oral and gut ecosystems contributes to the initiation and progression of head and neck cancers, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma. Given that the microbiome is a modifiable risk factor, targeted modulation has emerged as a promising preventive and supportive strategy in HNC. This chapter highlights current knowledge on microbiome-based interventions, including dietary modification, probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and lifestyle changes, with emphasis on their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. These approaches aim to restore microbial balance, enhance barrier integrity, reduce chronic inflammation, and strengthen anticancer immune responses. The chapter also discusses mechanistic links between microbial metabolites and immune pathways, the relevance of the oral-gut axis, and emerging evidence connecting microbiome composition with treatment response and toxicity. Finally, key challenges such as inter-individual variability, site-specific microbial niches, safety considerations, and the need for longitudinal and mechanistic studies are addressed. Overall, microbiome modulation represents a promising, precision-oriented avenue for cancer prevention, risk reduction, and survivorship in head and neck oncology, although robust clinical validation is still required.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microglia extracellular traps (MiETs) in Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, Evidence Gaps, and Untapped Therapeutic Promise. 神经退行性变中的小胶质细胞外陷阱（MiETs）：机制、证据差距和未开发的治疗前景。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.008

Lipika Sha, Sushmita Jha

{"title":"Microglia extracellular traps (MiETs) in Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, Evidence Gaps, and Untapped Therapeutic Promise.","authors":"Lipika Sha, Sushmita Jha","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia are the resident myeloid cells of the central nervous system, they play essential roles in neural tissue homeostasis, including synaptic pruning, clearance of debris and protein aggregates, and regulation of neuroinflammatory processes. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, microglial activation and chronic glial-driven inflammation contribute substantially to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Beyond these well-characterised functions, recent evidence indicates that microglia can release chromatin-based extracellular traps (microglia extracellular traps, or MiETs), similar to the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) observed in peripheral immunity. Microglia ETs are induced by stimuli such as dopamine and microbial infection, dependent or independent of NADPH oxidase/ROS pathways and histone citrullination. This chapter provides a detailed examination of MiET formation, triggers, intracellular signalling, and structural components, as well as contribution to neurodegenerative pathology. Potential mechanisms include amplification of neuroinflammation via extracellular histones and proteases, disruption of the blood-brain barrier and extracellular matrix, synaptic damage, and possible facilitation of spread of misfolded protein aggregates. We situate MiET formation within the broader microglial functional repertoire (phagocytosis, cytokine production, synaptic stripping) and focus on how ET-dominant responses may compromise homeostatic or neuroprotective roles. The chapter reviews evidence from disease models, highlights key gaps and discusses translational implications. Targeting MiET formation or promoting the clearance of MiETs represents promising, yet unexplored, therapeutic avenues in neurodegenerative disease. By focusing on MiETs, this work expands the conceptual framework for microglial pathogenicity and invites future mechanistic and translational research.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"307-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs): An overview. 口腔潜在恶性疾病（OPMDs）：概述。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.003

Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Dipak Sapkota

{"title":"Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs): An overview.","authors":"Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Dipak Sapkota","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) represent a wide range of oral lesions and conditions that carry a variable risk of malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Clinically, the majority of OPMDs present as white and/or red lesions. Oral leukoplakia is one of the most common OPMDs. The reported global prevalence of OPMDs is 4.47%, although there is considerable variation between different geographical regions. One of the most serious consequences of OPMDs is malignant transformation to OSCC, with approximately 7.9% of OPMDs progressing to OSCC. The risk of malignant transformation varies substantially among different OPMDs, with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia having the highest malignant transformation rate at 49.5%, followed by oral erythroplakia at 33.1% and oral leukoplakia at 9.5%. Although the presence and grade of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) are strongly associated with the risk of malignant transformation, we currently lack an established tool that can accurately identify OPMDs at high risk for such outcomes.This book chapter aims to provide a general introduction to OPMDs and their epidemiology, followed by a discussion of associated etiological factors, a proposed model of molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, common treatment modalities, and prognostic factors for oral leukoplakia.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"175-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overview of head & neck microbiota. 头颈部微生物群概述。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.003

R D Jayasinghe, K S N D Gunawardhana, Kalpani Senevirathna

{"title":"Overview of head & neck microbiota.","authors":"R D Jayasinghe, K S N D Gunawardhana, Kalpani Senevirathna","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The human oral cavity and upper aerodigestive tract harbor one of the most complex microbial ecosystems in the body, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses that coexist in a finely regulated state of eubiosis. These multi-kingdom communities play fundamental roles in maintaining mucosal homeostasis through colonization resistance, metabolic activity, immune modulation, and epithelial protection. However, disruption of this equilibrium results in dysbiosis, characterized by altered microbial composition, reduced diversity, and functional reprogramming, which collectively promote chronic inflammation, epithelial damage, and carcinogenic processes. Increasing evidence links site-specific microbial alterations in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, sinonasal tract, and saliva with the initiation and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Rather than single pathogens, complex microbial consortia appear to shape a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment through immune dysregulation, metabolic carcinogen production, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, and facilitation of tumor immune evasion. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the composition, spatial organization, and functional roles of head and neck microbiota, with particular emphasis on their involvement in cancer-associated dysbiosis. Understanding these microbial ecosystems offers a critical framework for developing microbiome-based diagnostic biomarkers, preventive strategies, and therapeutic interventions in head and neck oncology.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"169 ","pages":"53-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in microbiome data analysis: Applications in head and neck cancer. 微生物组数据分析中的人工智能：在头颈癌中的应用。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.03.008

Burçin Kurt, Adetola Emmanuel Babalola, Akhilanand Chaurasia

引用次数: 0

Neuroinflammation and vaccination strategy in Parkinson's disease. 帕金森病的神经炎症和疫苗接种策略。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.04.006

Yukti, Sanyukta Sharma, Ateendra Kumar Dubey, Anushka Sharma, Vijay Kumar Prajapati

引用次数: 0

Alzheimer's disease: Extracellular Tau internalization in neuro-glial axis and its propagation mechanisms. 阿尔茨海默病：神经胶质轴细胞外Tau内化及其传播机制。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2025.11.004

Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi, Swathi Suresh, Gowshika Velmurugan, Amit Mishra

{"title":"Alzheimer's disease: Extracellular Tau internalization in neuro-glial axis and its propagation mechanisms.","authors":"Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi, Swathi Suresh, Gowshika Velmurugan, Amit Mishra","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"Tau is a protein associated with microtubules that is essential to the central nervous system's extracellular and intracellular functions. Aberrant post-translational changes cause Tau to dissociate from microtubules in pathological circumstances like Tauopathies and also in AD (AD). The free Tau can diffuse into the extracellular space, contributing to neurofibrillary tangles formation and paired helical filaments. Moreover, pathogenic Tau can spread in a prion-like manner from diseased neurons to healthy ones exacerbating Tau pathology. By stimulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and other pathways, extracellular Tau has an impact on microglia. This, in turn, triggers inflammatory responses and leads to neuroinflammation. Astrocytes, the predominant brain cells, absorb extracellular Tau and undergo morphological and functional changes that result in the production of neurotoxic compounds, which ultimately cause neurodegeneration. The uptake of Tau by astrocytes results in a proinflammatory phenotype and cellular senescence, which intensify neuroinflammatory processes and oxidative stress and accelerate the advancement of neurodegenerative illnesses.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing neuromodulation to target microglial activity in neurodegenerative diseases. 利用神经调节靶向神经退行性疾病中的小胶质细胞活动。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2026.06.002

Venkata Chaitanya Chirumamilla, Muthuraman Muthuraman

{"title":"Harnessing neuromodulation to target microglial activity in neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Venkata Chaitanya Chirumamilla, Muthuraman Muthuraman","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2026.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2026.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly understood as conditions of disrupted neuroimmune homeostasis in which microglia play an important, dynamic, and state-dependent role. Beyond their immune functions, microglia continuously monitor neuronal activity, participate in synaptic remodeling, and contribute to neural circuit regulation in ways that vary across brain regions, disease types, and stages of neurodegeneration. In parallel, neuromodulation can modify neural activity patterns, thereby influencing downstream cellular responses and immune-related signaling within the central nervous system. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that neuromodulatory interventions can influence microglial state, morphology, and function through activity-dependent neuron-microglia interactions and modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. By synthesizing findings from both experimental animal models and translational human studies, this chapter presents a mechanistic framework for examining how neuromodulation may be leveraged to modulate microglial activity in neurodegenerative diseases. This approach integrates current understanding of microglial heterogeneity, neuromodulation mechanisms, biomarker strategies, and key translational challenges, with the goal of positioning microglia as measurable and biologically grounded therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreword. 前言。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2776(26)00052-0

N S Jakubovics

引用次数: 0

The roles and diversity of alarmins in the mucosae. 粘膜中警报器的作用和多样性。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2025.09.001

Robert A Gaultney, Anja Herbst, Jeremy Yeoh, Emily Bessell, Philippe Krebs

引用次数: 0