Advances in ImmunologyPub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-02-11DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.01.001
Zhangguo Chen, Jing H Wang
{"title":"Signaling control of antibody isotype switching.","authors":"Zhangguo Chen, Jing H Wang","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Class switch recombination (CSR) generates isotype-switched antibodies with distinct effector functions essential for mediating effective humoral immunity. CSR is catalyzed by activation-induced deaminase (AID) that initiates DNA lesions in the evolutionarily conserved switch (S) regions at the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus. AID-initiated DNA lesions are subsequently converted into DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) in the S regions of Igh locus, repaired by non-homologous end-joining to effect CSR in mammalian B lymphocytes. While molecular mechanisms of CSR are well characterized, it remains less well understood how upstream signaling pathways regulate AID expression and CSR. B lymphocytes express multiple receptors including the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and co-receptors (e.g., CD40). These receptors may share common signaling pathways or may use distinct signaling elements to regulate CSR. Here, we discuss how signals emanating from different receptors positively or negatively regulate AID expression and CSR.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"141 ","pages":"105-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37085115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2776(19)30008-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2776(19)30008-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0065-2776(19)30008-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55885520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in ImmunologyPub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2018-12-19DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.11.001
Sophiya Karki, Shiladitya Banerjee, Kaitlin Mclean, Aaron Dinner, Marcus R Clark
{"title":"Transcription factories in Igκ allelic choice and diversity.","authors":"Sophiya Karki, Shiladitya Banerjee, Kaitlin Mclean, Aaron Dinner, Marcus R Clark","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vertebrate immune system is tasked with the challenge of responding to any pathogen the organism might encounter, and retaining memory of that pathogen in case of future infection. Recognition and memory of pathogens are encoded within the adaptive immune system and production of T and B lymphocytes with diverse antigen receptor repertoires. In B lymphocytes, diversity is generated by sequential recombination between Variable (V), Diversity (D) and Joining (J) gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (Igh) and subsequent V-J recombination in immunoglobulin light chain genes (Igκ followed by Igλ). However, the process by which particular V, D and J segments are selected during recombination, and stochasticity is maintained to ensure antibody repertoire diversity, is still unclear. In this review, we focus on Igκ and recent findings regarding the relationships between gene structure, the generation of diversity and allelic choice. Surprisingly, the nuclear environment in which each Igκ allele resides, including transcription factories assembled on the nuclear matrix, plays critical roles in both gene regulation and in shaping the diversity of Vκ genes accessible to recombination. These findings provide a new paradigm for understanding Igκ recombination and Vκ diversity in the context of B lymphopoiesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"141 ","pages":"33-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.ai.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37085111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in ImmunologyPub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.05.001
Luke R Bonser, David J Erle
{"title":"The airway epithelium in asthma.","authors":"Luke R Bonser, David J Erle","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2019.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a genetically and phenotypically complex disease that has a major impact on global health. Signs and symptoms of asthma are caused by the obstruction of airflow through the airways. The epithelium that lines the airways plays a major role in maintaining airway patency and in host defense. The epithelium initiates responses to inhaled or aspirated substances, including allergens, viruses, and bacteria, and epithelial-derived cytokines are important in the recruitment and activation of immune cells in the airway. Changes in the structure and function of the airway epithelium are a prominent feature of asthma. Approximately half of individuals with asthma have evidence of active type 2 immune responses in the airway. In these individuals, epithelial cytokines promote type 2 responses, and responses to type 2 cytokines result in increased epithelial mucus production and other effects that cause airway obstruction. Recent work also implicates other epithelial responses, including interleukin-17, interferon and ER stress responses, that may contribute to asthma pathogenesis and provide new targets for therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"142 ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37415293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in ImmunologyPub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-05-14DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.04.002
Yoshihide Kanaoka, K Frank Austen
{"title":"Roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors in immune cell-related functions.","authors":"Yoshihide Kanaoka, K Frank Austen","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2019.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), leukotriene C<sub>4</sub>, (LTC<sub>4</sub>), LTD<sub>4</sub>, and LTE<sub>4</sub>, are lipid mediators of inflammation. LTC<sub>4</sub> is the only intracellularly synthesized cys-LT through the 5-lipoxygenase and LTC<sub>4</sub> synthase pathway and after transport is metabolized to LTD<sub>4</sub> and LTE<sub>4</sub> by specific extracellular peptidases. Each cys-LT has a preferred functional receptor in vivo; LTD<sub>4</sub> to the type 1 cys-LT receptor (CysLT<sub>1</sub>R), LTC<sub>4</sub> to CysLT<sub>2</sub>R, and LTE<sub>4</sub> to CysLT<sub>3</sub>R (OXGR1 or GPR99). Recent studies in mouse models revealed that there are multiple regulatory mechanisms for these receptor functions and each receptor plays a distinct role as observed in different mouse models of inflammation and immune responses. This review focuses on the integrated host responses to the cys-LT/CysLTR pathway composed of sequential ligands with preferred receptors as seen from mouse models. It also discusses potential therapeutic targets for LTC<sub>4</sub> synthase, CysLT<sub>2</sub>R, and CysLT<sub>3</sub>R.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"142 ","pages":"65-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37415295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibody responses to the HIV-1 envelope high mannose patch.","authors":"C. N. Daniels, K. Saunders","doi":"10.1016/BS.AI.2019.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/BS.AI.2019.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"143 1","pages":"11-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/BS.AI.2019.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54025324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
