Advances in Immunology最新文献

Nucleic acid delivery as a therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy. 核酸递送作为癌症免疫治疗的一种治疗方法。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.009

Kashish Wilson, Garima, Meenakshi Dhanawat

{"title":"Nucleic acid delivery as a therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Kashish Wilson, Garima, Meenakshi Dhanawat","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"The number of immuno-oncology medication approvals in current years has increased, indicating the immense potential of cancer immunotherapy. Nucleic acid therapy has advanced significantly in the interim. The diverse capabilities of nucleic acid therapies, gene-editing guide RNA (gRNA), immunomodulatory DNA/RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA and siRNA, plasmids, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), for modification of immune responses and change the target endogenous or synthetic gene's expression, make them appealing. These skills can be extremely important in the creation of innovative immunotherapy approaches. To be effective, these treatments must, however, overcome a number of delivery challenges, such as quick in vivo disintegration, inadequate absorption inside target cells, necessary nuclear entrance, along with possible in-vivo toxic potential in tissues and cells that are healthy. Several of these obstacles have been addressed by the development of nanoparticle delivery methods, which allow nucleic acid therapies to be safely and successfully delivered to immune cells. The nucleic acid applications for medicines employed for immunotherapy against cancer are covered in this chapter, along with the development of nanoparticle platforms that carry genome editing, mRNA, and DNA systems for improving the efficacy and safety profile in various therapies.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"37-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasmid DNA and mRNA delivery: Approaches and challenges. 质粒DNA和mRNA传递：方法和挑战。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.12.001

Arun Kumar Singh, Karan Goel, Meenakshi Dhanawat

{"title":"Plasmid DNA and mRNA delivery: Approaches and challenges.","authors":"Arun Kumar Singh, Karan Goel, Meenakshi Dhanawat","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"for delivery of plasmid DNA and mRNA transform biology and medicine, offering powerful tools for gene therapy, vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine. Plasmid DNA provides a relatively stable and sustained expression of the genes which also provides the basic groundwork for long-lasting therapeutic. At the same time, mRNA has also demonstrated more appropriateness for dynamic and time-sensitive applications due to its short-lived and accurate translation capabilities, such as during the development of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Despite their unique advantages, however, the efficient delivery of these biomolecules poses challenges including immune system activation, enzymatic degradation, and limited cellular uptake. The structural and functional features of plasmid DNA and mRNA highlighted the positive functions that underpin their complementary roles in next-generation biomedical applications. In addition, it highlights the novel delivery routes across lipid nanoparticles, polymeric systems, biomimetic carriers, and hybrid applied sciences which can resolve long-standing challenges to efficient distribution. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR gene editing, self-amplifying RNA, and multiplexed nanoparticles are also increasing the utility of these systems. Significant advances in the delivery of plasmid DNA and mRNA molecules have revolutionized vaccine development, opened new avenues in personalized medicine, and have also inspired a future with engineerable tissues. As these innovations develop, they are predicted to go beyond current limitations and bring around a fresh era of accurate medication taking on one of the global healthcare's most complex challenges. Our revolutionary delivery methods provide stability and simplicity, transforming medical advances.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"63-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic mRNAs for cancer immunotherapy: From structure to delivery. 癌症免疫治疗的治疗性mrna：从结构到递送。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.013

Monika Vishwakarma, Wasim Akram, Tanweer Haider

{"title":"Therapeutic mRNAs for cancer immunotherapy: From structure to delivery.","authors":"Monika Vishwakarma, Wasim Akram, Tanweer Haider","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"mRNA carries genetic information and is used for the synthesis of proteins, fragments of proteins, and peptides in the scope of biotechnology and medicine. Once introduced into cells, this mRNA gets translated into a corresponding protein with cellular machinery. All kinds of mRNA encoding any protein, peptide, and fragment of proteins have been designed to be used for various therapeutic goals, including cancerous diseases, immunotherapy, vaccine preparation, tissue engineering, and genetic disorders, among others. These vaccines encode tumor-specific antigens that stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Additionally, mRNA can be designed to produce proteins that modulate immune checkpoints, thereby enhancing the immune system's ability to target cancer cells. Synthetic mRNA can also engineer immune cells, such as T cells, to improve their cancer-fighting capabilities. For instance, mRNA can be engineered to generate CAR T cells targeting specific antigens that are expressed in the cancer. Designed mRNA can encode functional proteins in patients suffering from genetic disorders characterized by an absence or defect in a particular protein. However, mRNA is intrinsically unstable and may require special mechanisms to protect it from degradation. mRNA delivery to target cells remains a challenge. Engineered nanocarriers containing mRNA can improve the efficiency and enable the delivery to specific sites, that can provide a stimulant or substance for therapeutic purposes. This combination may improve their stability and efficacy in multiple applications of therapies. The following chapter throws light on basic advances in mRNA-based cancer therapy and provides insights into the nanotherapeutics using mRNA in key preclinical developments and the evolving clinical landscape.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"163-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress in modifying and delivering mRNA therapies for cancer immunotherapy. 修饰和递送mRNA疗法用于癌症免疫治疗的进展。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.004

Karan Goel, Isha Chawla, Garima, Meenakshi Dhanawat, Pramila Chaubey

{"title":"Progress in modifying and delivering mRNA therapies for cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Karan Goel, Isha Chawla, Garima, Meenakshi Dhanawat, Pramila Chaubey","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in mRNA-based therapeutics have greatly enhanced cancer immunotherapy by using the immune system to specifically target and eradicate cancer cells. There has been notable advancement in tailoring and administering mRNA to treat cancer. Codon optimization, chemical alterations, and sequence manipulation are complex design methodologies employed in the production of mRNA vaccines and treatments. The goal is to improve the ability of the chemicals to stimulate an immune response, increase their ability to be translated into practical applications, and boost their stability. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most efficient means of delivering mRNA because they can withstand degradation, enhance cellular uptake, and facilitate endosomal escape. Scientists are currently investigating the possibility of using alternate methods of delivering substances, including as exosomes, lipoplexes, and polymeric nanoparticles, to enhance the ability to target specific tissues and minimize unwanted negative consequences. In addition, recent clinical trials and preclinical investigations have demonstrated encouraging findings in terms of the advancement of strong anti-tumor immune responses, long-lasting tumor shrinkage, and enhanced patient outcomes. The remaining challenges involve optimizing the equilibrium between tolerance and immunological activation, addressing systemic toxicity, and expanding manufacturing techniques. The upcoming study seeks to improve the design and dissemination of mRNA, include it in combination drugs, and investigate its therapeutic uses outside cancer. The advancement in cancer treatment represents a change in the current approach, highlighting the significant impact of mRNA technology in revolutionizing immunotherapy and enabling tailored cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"89-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA and mRNA vaccines: Significant therapeutic approach against cancer management. DNA和mRNA疫苗：对癌症管理的重要治疗方法

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.007

Aniruddha Sen, Vijay Singh, Sumel Ashique, Jagriti, Sombuddha Biswas, Anas Islam, Iman Ehsan, Naheed Mojgani

引用次数: 0

mRNA-based cancer vaccines: A novel approach to melanoma treatment. 基于mrna的癌症疫苗：黑色素瘤治疗的新方法

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.010

Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Sanjeev Kumar Sahu

{"title":"mRNA-based cancer vaccines: A novel approach to melanoma treatment.","authors":"Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Sanjeev Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and a leading cause of death from skin tumors. With the rising incidence of melanoma diagnoses, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatments. Among the most modern approaches are cancer vaccines, which aim to enhance cell-mediated immunity. Recently, mRNA-based cancer vaccines have gained significant attention due to their rapid production, low manufacturing costs, and ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. These vaccines hold great potential in melanoma treatment, yet their application faces several challenges, including mRNA stabilization, delivery methods, and tumor heterogeneity. The recent success of mRNA vaccines in combating COVID-19 has renewed interest in their potential for cancer immunotherapy. In particular, mRNA cancer vaccines offer high specificity and better efficacy compared to traditional treatments. They can target tumor-specific neoantigens, prompting a robust immune response. This chapter reviews the mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines, advancements in adjuvant identification, and innovations in delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles. It also discusses ongoing clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of mRNA-based vaccines in melanoma, highlighting promising early-phase results. Despite their potential, the development of mRNA cancer vaccines faces significant obstacles. Tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and practical issues like vaccine administration and clinical evaluation methods are major barriers to success. By addressing these challenges and advancing innovations, mRNA cancer vaccines hold promise for transforming melanoma treatment. A careful balance between the opportunities and challenges will be key to unlocking the full potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"165 ","pages":"117-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling the contribution of lymph node fibroblasts to vaccine responses. 揭示淋巴结成纤维细胞对疫苗反应的贡献。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.07.001

Isabella Cinti, Kassandra Vezyrgianni, Alice E Denton

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs linked to autoimmune disease risk alleles. 与自身免疫性疾病风险等位基因相关的 lncRNA 的机制和功能。

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.006

Ruxiao Tian, Sankar Ghosh

引用次数: 0

Innate immune sensing of macromolecule homeostasis. 先天免疫对大分子平衡的感知

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.004

Kun Yang, Devon Jeltema, Nan Yan

引用次数: 0

Crosstalk between CD8⁺ T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in intestine homeostasis and immunity. CD8+ T 细胞与间充质基质细胞在肠道稳态和免疫中的相互作用

3区医学

Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.001

Yao Chen, Hongxiang Sun, Zhengnan Luo, Yisong Mei, Ziyang Xu, Jianmei Tan, Yiting Xie, Mengda Li, Jiaqi Xia, Beichun Yang, Bing Su

{"title":"Crosstalk between CD8+ T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in intestine homeostasis and immunity.","authors":"Yao Chen, Hongxiang Sun, Zhengnan Luo, Yisong Mei, Ziyang Xu, Jianmei Tan, Yiting Xie, Mengda Li, Jiaqi Xia, Beichun Yang, Bing Su","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The intestine represents the most complex cellular network in the whole body. It is constantly faced with multiple types of immunostimulatory agents encompassing from food antigen, gut microbiome, metabolic waste products, and dead cell debris. Within the intestine, most T cells are found in three primary compartments: the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the lamina propria, and the epithelium. The well-orchestrated epithelial-immune-microbial interaction is critically important for the precise immune response. The main role of intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells is to support a structural framework within the gut wall. However, recent evidence from stromal cell studies indicates that they also possess significant immunomodulatory functions, such as maintaining intestinal tolerance via the expression of PDL1/2 and MHC-II molecules, and promoting the development of CD103+ dendritic cells, and IgA+ plasma cells, thereby enhancing intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of CD8+ T cells and stromal cells alongside the intestinal tract and discuss the reciprocal interactions between T subsets and mesenchymal stromal cell populations. We will focus on how the tissue residency, migration, and function of CD8+ T cells could be potentially regulated by mesenchymal stromal cell populations and explore the molecular mediators, such as TGF-β, IL-33, and MHC-II molecules that might influence these processes. Finally, we discuss the potential pathophysiological impact of such interaction in intestine hemostasis as well as diseases of inflammation, infection, and malignancies.","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"23-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0