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Unravelling the contribution of lymph node fibroblasts to vaccine responses. 揭示淋巴结成纤维细胞对疫苗反应的贡献。
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.07.001
Isabella Cinti, Kassandra Vezyrgianni, Alice E Denton
{"title":"Unravelling the contribution of lymph node fibroblasts to vaccine responses.","authors":"Isabella Cinti, Kassandra Vezyrgianni, Alice E Denton","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination is one of the most effective medical interventions, saving millions of lives and reducing the morbidity of infections across the lifespan, from infancy to older age. The generation of plasma cells and memory B cells that produce high affinity class switched antibodies is central to this protection, and these cells are the ultimate output of the germinal centre response. Optimal germinal centre responses require different immune cells to interact with one another in the right place and at the right time and this delicate cellular ballet is coordinated by a network of interconnected stromal cells. In this review we will discuss the various types of lymphoid stromal cells and how they coordinate immune cell homeostasis, the induction and maintenance of the germinal centre response, and how this is disorganised in older bodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs linked to autoimmune disease risk alleles. 与自身免疫性疾病风险等位基因相关的 lncRNA 的机制和功能。
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.006
Ruxiao Tian, Sankar Ghosh
{"title":"Mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs linked to autoimmune disease risk alleles.","authors":"Ruxiao Tian, Sankar Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in human genomics technologies have helped uncover genetic risk alleles for many complex autoimmune diseases. Intriguingly, over 90% of genome-wide association study (GWAS) risk alleles reside within the non-coding regions of the genome. An emerging new frontier of functional and mechanistic studies have shed light on the functional relevance of risk alleles that lie within long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we review the mechanisms and functional implications of five evolutionarily conserved lncRNAs that display risk allele association with highly prevalent autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innate immune sensing of macromolecule homeostasis. 先天免疫对大分子平衡的感知
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.004
Kun Yang, Devon Jeltema, Nan Yan
{"title":"Innate immune sensing of macromolecule homeostasis.","authors":"Kun Yang, Devon Jeltema, Nan Yan","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The innate immune system uses a distinct set of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors to recognize molecular patterns initially thought to be unique to microbial invaders, named pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The concept was later further developed to include similar molecular patterns originating from host cells during tissue damage, known as damage-associated molecular patterns. However, recent advances in the mechanism of monogenic inflammatory diseases have highlighted a much more expansive repertoire of cellular functions that are monitored by innate immunity. Here, we summarize several examples in which an innate immune response is triggered when homeostasis of macromolecule in the cell is disrupted in non-infectious or sterile settings. These ever-growing sensing mechanisms expand the repertoire of innate immune recognition, positioning it not only as a key player in host defense but also as a gatekeeper of cellular homeostasis. Therapeutics inspired by these advances to restore cellular homeostasis and correct the immune system could have far-reaching implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"17-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crosstalk between CD8+ T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in intestine homeostasis and immunity. CD8+ T 细胞与间充质基质细胞在肠道稳态和免疫中的相互作用
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.001
Yao Chen, Hongxiang Sun, Zhengnan Luo, Yisong Mei, Ziyang Xu, Jianmei Tan, Yiting Xie, Mengda Li, Jiaqi Xia, Beichun Yang, Bing Su
{"title":"Crosstalk between CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in intestine homeostasis and immunity.","authors":"Yao Chen, Hongxiang Sun, Zhengnan Luo, Yisong Mei, Ziyang Xu, Jianmei Tan, Yiting Xie, Mengda Li, Jiaqi Xia, Beichun Yang, Bing Su","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestine represents the most complex cellular network in the whole body. It is constantly faced with multiple types of immunostimulatory agents encompassing from food antigen, gut microbiome, metabolic waste products, and dead cell debris. Within the intestine, most T cells are found in three primary compartments: the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the lamina propria, and the epithelium. The well-orchestrated epithelial-immune-microbial interaction is critically important for the precise immune response. The main role of intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells is to support a structural framework within the gut wall. However, recent evidence from stromal cell studies indicates that they also possess significant immunomodulatory functions, such as maintaining intestinal tolerance via the expression of PDL1/2 and MHC-II molecules, and promoting the development of CD103<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells, and IgA<sup>+</sup> plasma cells, thereby enhancing intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and stromal cells alongside the intestinal tract and discuss the reciprocal interactions between T subsets and mesenchymal stromal cell populations. We will focus on how the tissue residency, migration, and function of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells could be potentially regulated by mesenchymal stromal cell populations and explore the molecular mediators, such as TGF-β, IL-33, and MHC-II molecules that might influence these processes. Finally, we discuss the potential pathophysiological impact of such interaction in intestine hemostasis as well as diseases of inflammation, infection, and malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"23-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Sixth Sense: Self-nucleic acid sensing in the brain. 第六感大脑中的自核酸感应
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.001
Tyler J Dorrity, Heegwon Shin, Jake A Gertie, Hachung Chung
{"title":"The Sixth Sense: Self-nucleic acid sensing in the brain.","authors":"Tyler J Dorrity, Heegwon Shin, Jake A Gertie, Hachung Chung","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as a first line of defense to detect microbial ligands and initiate an immune response. Viral nucleic acids are key ligands for the activation of many PRRs and the induction of downstream inflammatory and antiviral effects. Initially it was thought that endogenous (self) nucleic acids rarely activated these PRRs, however emerging evidence indicates that endogenous nucleic acids are able to activate host PRRs in homeostasis and disease. In fact, many regulatory mechanisms are in place to finely control and regulate sensing of self-nucleic acids by PRRs. Sensing of self-nucleic acids is particularly important in the brain, as perturbations to nucleic acid sensing commonly leads to neuropathology. This review will highlight the role of nucleic acid sensors in the brain, both in disease and homeostasis. We also indicate the source of endogenous stimulatory nucleic acids where known and summarize future directions for the study of this growing field.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"53-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The molecular mechanism of dsDNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway. 通过 cGAS-STING 通路感知 dsDNA 的分子机制。
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.003
Omkar Shinde, Pingwei Li
{"title":"The molecular mechanism of dsDNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway.","authors":"Omkar Shinde, Pingwei Li","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Double stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm triggers the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway to defend against pathogenic infections, tissue damage and malignant cells. Extensive structural and functional studies over the last couple of years have enabled the molecular understanding of dsDNA induced activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. This review highlights recent advances in the structural characterization of key molecules in the cGAS-STING signaling axis by focusing on the mechanism of cGAS activation by dsDNA, the regulation of cGAS activity, the mechanism of STING activation by cGAMP, the molecular basis of TBK1 recruitment and activation by STING, the structural basis of IRF3 recruitment by STING, and the mechanism of IRF3 activation upon phosphorylation by TBK1. These comprehensive structural studies provide a detailed picture of the mechanism of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, establishing a molecular framework for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Post-transcriptional (re)programming of B lymphocyte development: From bench to bedside? B 淋巴细胞发育的转录后（重）编程：从工作台到床边？
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.003
Alia M Welsh, Stefan A Muljo
{"title":"Post-transcriptional (re)programming of B lymphocyte development: From bench to bedside?","authors":"Alia M Welsh, Stefan A Muljo","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoiesis, a process which generates blood and immune cells, changes significantly during mammalian development. Definitive hematopoiesis is marked by the emergence of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we will focus on the post-transcriptional differences between fetal liver (FL) and adult bone marrow (ABM) HSCs. It remains unclear how or why exactly FL HSCs transition to ABM HSCs, but we aim to leverage their differences to revive an old idea: in utero HSC transplantation. Unexpectedly, the expression of certain RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in HSC specification, and can be employed to convert or reprogram adult HSCs back to a fetal-like state. Among other features, FL HSCs have a broad differentiation capacity that includes the ability to regenerate both conventional B and T cells, as well as innate-like or unconventional lymphocytes such as B-1a and marginal zone B (MzB) cells. This chapter will focus on RNA binding proteins, namely LIN28B and IGF2BP3, that are expressed during fetal life and how they promote B-1a cell development. Furthermore, this chapter considers a potential clinical application of synthetic co-expression of LIN28B and IGF2BP3 in HSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"85-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The multifaceted roles of TCF1 in innate and adaptive lymphocytes. TCF1 在先天性和适应性淋巴细胞中的多重作用。
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.001
Matthew McCullen, Eugene Oltz
{"title":"The multifaceted roles of TCF1 in innate and adaptive lymphocytes.","authors":"Matthew McCullen, Eugene Oltz","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system requires a complex network of specialized cell types to defend against a range of threats. The specific roles and destinies of these cell types are enforced by a constellation of gene regulatory programs, which are orchestrated through lineage-specifying transcription factors. T Cell Factor 1 (TCF1) is a central transcription factor in many of these programs, guiding the development and functionality of both adaptive and innate lymphoid cells. This review highlights recent insights into the function of TCF1 in a variety of lymphoid cell subsets and its potential for translational applications in immune disorders and cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"164 ","pages":"39-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alternative DNA structures in hematopoiesis and adaptive immunity. 造血和适应性免疫中的另类 DNA 结构。
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.002
Heather Kligfeld, Isabella Han, Ajay Abraham, Vipul Shukla
{"title":"Alternative DNA structures in hematopoiesis and adaptive immunity.","authors":"Heather Kligfeld, Isabella Han, Ajay Abraham, Vipul Shukla","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Besides the canonical B-form, DNA also adopts alternative non-B form conformations which are highly conserved in all domains of life. While extensive research over decades has centered on the genomic functions of B-form DNA, understanding how non-B-form conformations influence functional genomic states remains a fundamental and open question. Recent studies have ascribed alternative DNA conformations such as G-quadruplexes and R-loops as important functional features in eukaryotic genomes. This review delves into the biological importance of alternative DNA structures, with a specific focus on hematopoiesis and adaptive immunity. We discuss the emerging roles of G-quadruplex and R-loop structures, the two most well-studied alternative DNA conformations, in the hematopoietic compartment and present evidence for their functional roles in normal cellular physiology and associated pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"161 ","pages":"109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The regulation of the apoptotic pore-An immunological tightrope walk. 凋亡孔的调节--走在免疫学的钢丝上。
3区 医学
Advances in Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.004
Andreas Jenner, Ana J Garcia-Saez
{"title":"The regulation of the apoptotic pore-An immunological tightrope walk.","authors":"Andreas Jenner, Ana J Garcia-Saez","doi":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apoptotic pore formation in mitochondria is the pivotal point for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. It is regulated by BCL-2 family proteins in response to various cellular stress triggers and mediates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). This allows the release of mitochondrial contents into the cytosol, which triggers rapid cell death and clearance through the activation of caspases. However, under conditions of low caspase activity, the mitochondrial contents released into the cytosol through apoptotic pores serve as inflammatory signals and activate various inflammatory responses. In this chapter, we discuss how the formation of the apoptotic pore is regulated by BCL-2 proteins as well as other cellular or mitochondrial proteins and membrane lipids. Moreover, we highlight the importance of sublethal MOMP in the regulation of mitochondrial-activated inflammation and discuss its physiological consequences in the context of pathogen infection and disease and how it can potentially be exploited therapeutically, for example to improve cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50862,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Immunology","volume":"162 ","pages":"59-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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