Pharmacia最新文献

{"title":"Malaria’s molecular dance: Mechanism, therapies, and emerging insights","authors":"Nabila Ananda, Athaya Sabina, Ulfa Rahmadani, Ali Syahrizal, Nabillah Deskya, Sinta Maria, Muhammad Riza, Lusi Rahmadia, Anni Holila, Dwi Putri, Kevin Gabriel, Ratna Sari Zai, Mega Carensia, Princella Halim, Naomi Regina, Dinda Rizka, Aulia Syahfitri, Tessa Rotua, Maria Belen, Fahmy Nanda, Rizzanda Pramuditya, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, Emil Salim, F. Nurkolis, Chindy Umaya, Rony Abdi Syahputra","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117145","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a formidable global health challenge. This abstract provides an overview of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying malaria pathogenesis, explores current therapeutic approaches, and highlights emerging insights that may shape future strategies for malaria control. The intricate dance between Plasmodium parasites and their human hosts begins with the mosquito’s bite, leading to the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium species. We delve into the molecular mechanisms governing parasite entry and subsequent replication within host cells, shedding light on key factors such as erythrocyte surface receptors and parasite-encoded proteins critical to invasion and survival. While malaria treatment has relied heavily on antimalarial drugs, the emergence of drug resistance necessitates ongoing exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This abstract reviews current antimalarial drug classes, their mechanisms of action, and the challenges posed by drug resistance. We also highlight promising drug candidates and innovative approaches in the pipeline, including the use of advanced molecular techniques and immunotherapies. Emerging insights from genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics have deepened our understanding of Plasmodium biology and host-parasite interactions. We discuss the potential of these omics approaches in identifying new drug targets, understanding drug resistance mechanisms, and developing vaccines. Additionally, we examine the role of human genetics in influencing susceptibility to malaria and response to treatment. Vector control remains a critical component of malaria prevention. We touch upon emerging strategies, such as genetically modified mosquitoes and novel insecticides, in the context of integrated vector management programs. Finally, we emphasize the importance of a multifaceted approach to malaria control, combining advances in molecular biology, drug development, vector control, and public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"345 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene and the adverse drug reaction of methotrexate treatment in a sample of Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients","authors":"Qassim Mahdi Mutlak, Ali Abdulhussain Kasim","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e113597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e113597","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methotrexate is one of the mainstays for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a wide range of adverse drug reactions, however, it’s the relationship between adverse drug reactions and genetic polymorphism remains to be highlighted, and there is a lack of studies concerning Arabic Iraqi population regarding this aspect.\u0000 Objective: Evaluate the association between genetic mutations in the MTHFR gene in SNPs (rs1801133G>A and rs1801131T>G) on the adverse drug reaction for RA Iraqi patients.\u0000 Methods: An observational study, that involved 95 Iraqi RA patients with established RA. Patients were divided according to the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was being utilized for MTHFR variants (rs1801133 and rs1801131). The Macrogen Company (Korea) provided the forward and reverse primers in lyophilized form. All PCR procedures are carried out using a PCR thermal cycler (Germany).\u0000 Results: The study included 95 patients with RA, with a mean age of 43.1 ± 10.6 years, most of the patients were female (85.3%), about 35.8% were smokers, most of the patients had disease low activity (45.2%), followed by moderate (41.1%), high (9.5%), and remission (4.2%). No significant association between individual genetic polymorphism with adverse drug reactions. AG haplotype for rs1801133 rs1801131 polymorphism is associated with reducing the risk of overall adverse drug reactions, meanwhile, GT haplotype for rs1801133, and rs1801131 polymorphism were marginally associated with increased risk of adverse drug reactions.\u0000 Conclusion: In conclusion, we have successfully found a panel of pharmacogenetic indicators that have the potential to be valuable in predicting the response to methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Haplotypes for rs1801133 rs1801131 polymorphism are associated with reducing or increasing the risk of MTX adverse drug reactions. It is very important to evaluate patients’ haplotypes before starting the therapy program so that we can expect the treatment outcome with the most suitable dose and most tolerable one at the same time.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney protective effect of sitagliptin in 5-fluorouracil-challenged rats","authors":"Ahmed Hassan Al-Ghamdi, Mervat Z. Mohamed, Rabei M. Elbadry, A. Fouad","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114441","url":null,"abstract":"The possible protective effect of sitagliptin (SIT) against nephrotoxicity induced by a single dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (150 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in rats. SIT treatment (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given for 7 days, starting 5 days before 5-FU administration. Both SIT doses caused significant reductions of serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in rats received 5-FU. Both doses of SIT also significantly decreased malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspase-3 in kidneys of 5-FU-challenged rats. Additionally, SIT, at both doses, significantly increased renal total antioxidant capacity and nuclear factor erythroid 2related factor 2 (Nrf2) in rats received 5-FU. Besides, SIT markedly attenuated the 5-FU-induced histopathological kidney tissue injury in rats. It was concluded that SIT, at both doses, provided a significant nephroprotective effect in 5-FU-challenged rats, through its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities, and by modulating Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin is comparable to metformin for the treatment of PCOS in rats: a preclinical study","authors":"Salam Shannag, K. Nuseir, Linda Tahaineh, Wael Hananeh","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119708","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ploy cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disorder affecting between 4–20% of females worldwide. Curcumin, the active ingredient in turmeric (Curcuma longaZingiberaceae) is a yellow polyphenol with a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and cardioprotective properties.\u0000 Methods: Letrozole was used to induce PCOS in female Wistar rats. Curcumin, metformin, or a combination of both was given to assess their therapeutic effects. Body weight, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucose levels were measured after disease induction and at the conclusion of treatment. Additionally ovarian histomorphology was examined after sacrificing the animals and removal of the ovaries.\u0000 Results and conclusion: Weight was significantly reduced in the curcumin, metformin and curcumin and metformin combination groups. Testosterone was decreased, progesterone was increased, and normal ovarian morphology was restored in the three groups. Conclusions: curcumin is therapeutically effective for PCOS and is comparable to metformin.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPLC method for the determination of nifedipine in rat plasma: development, validation, and application to pharmacokinetic drug-herb interaction study","authors":"Devy N. A. Hasanuddin, Afrillia Nuryanti Garmana, Lucy Sasongko","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119198","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the plasma level of nifedipine in rats after its single administration and combination with herbs. Nifedipine was extracted with acetonitrile to precipitate protein from plasma samples. The separation was implemented on a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water (63:37, v/v). The calibration curve displayed good linearity in the 30–1000 ng/mL range. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 30 ng/mL. The intraday and interday assay accuracy and precision met the criteria of validation and study sample analysis. The recovery was found to be 101.89%. Stability studies showed that nifedipine was stable after 12 h at room temperature and 21 days at -20 °C. No significant difference was examined between the pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine with or without Gynura procumbens leaf extract. The proposed method was helpful for the pharmacokinetic interaction study of nifedipine combined with herbal in rats.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"127 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallates – toxicological data and a pilot study on the prevalence of contact sensitization","authors":"M. Lyapina, Silvia P. Tsanova-Savova, M. Nikolova, M. Vizeva, Georgi Momekov","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120507","url":null,"abstract":"Propyl, octy- and dodecyl gallates are largely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as additives – preservatives. The main source of exposure non-related with food consumption is their use of cosmetic products. Gallates are classified as skin sensitization human health hazard. This research aims to evaluate the prevalence of contact sensitization to gallates and to estimate the possible cross/concomitant sensitization to gallate mix and other cosmetics ingredients among cosmeticians and cosmetology students. Skin patch testing with Gallate mix along with 19 other haptens was performed among 109 participants – 37 cosmetology students, 26 cosmeticians, and 46 controls. The study established high prevalence of contact sensitization to gallates, with higher risk for students (45.9%) and cosmeticians (38.5%). A significantly higher (р = 0.008) prevalence of co-sensitization to decyl glucoside was established for the control group. Proper risk information, with complex programs for prevention of occupational skin diseases should be provided.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenugreek galactomannan: High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for identification and quantification of galactose and mannose","authors":"Vanya Nalbantova, Velislava Todorova, N. Benbassat, Cedric Delattre","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e118029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e118029","url":null,"abstract":"Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a leguminous, medicinal plant that finds applications in traditional medicine and as an agent in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Its seeds contain various compounds to which numerous beneficial effects are attributed, such as soluble polysaccharides, in particular galactomannan. There are limited data reporting the determination of Bulgarian fenugreek galactomannan composition by HPTLC. The analysis was successful in separating galactose and mannose, each demonstrating different Rf values 0.36, 0.48, respectively. After developing the method with the appropriate conditions, it was validated for linearity, accuracy and precision, range, limits of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ), and robustness. The LD of galactose and mannose was found at 91.34 ng/band and 85.26 ng/band, respectively. The method confirmed the composition of hydrolyzed galactomannan from fenugreek, revealing a ratio of galactose to mannose closed to 1:1, and this capability can be of significant value in both the pharmaceutical and food industries.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"30 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of newer classes of antidiabetics and the concept of pharmaceutical care – dealing with therapeutic problems","authors":"A. Peneva, M. Dimitrov, V. Petkova","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120141","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly. The latest World Health Organization – WHO report declares the disease as an epidemic. After pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, clinical and pharmacoepidemiologic data analysis and comparison of the three classes of antidiabetic medicinal products: GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, a literature review of the topic, patient education and the concept of pharmaceutical care emerged as methods for dealing with the most common adverse drug reactions, safety concerns, and drug interactions.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"76 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic role of markers of systemic inflammation in patients with metastatic lung cancer receiving immunotherapy: A comprehensive review of the literature","authors":"Tanya Zlatanova, J. Arabadjiev","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e115558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e115558","url":null,"abstract":"Lung carcinoma stands as a prevalent malignancy characterized by a distressingly elevated fatality rate. Immunotherapy, administered either as a monotherapy or together with chemotherapy, represents the primary therapeutic approach for the majority of individuals grappling with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The influence of systemic inflammation in fostering cancer dissemination and progression is a well-documented phenomenon. This literature review examines contemporary indices and scoring systems, which have emerged as informative indicators of systemic inflammation in recent years. These indices and scores are valuable prognostic and predictive elements in assessing treatment response among patients with metastatic lung cancer undergoing immunotherapeutic treatment.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of topical Ivermectin on imiquimod-induced Psoriasis in mouse model – Novel findings","authors":"Sally Ayad Almudaris, F. Gatea","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114753","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: investigate the possible anti-psoriatic effect of ivermectin in mice based on observational and histopathological outcomes and biomarkers.\u0000 Methods: Sixty male Swiss Albino Mice were divided into six groups (Groups I–VI); each group contained ten mice with shaved dorsal skin. The clinical, pathological, and laboratory effects were measured.\u0000 Results: Topical Ivermectin significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor levels. At the same time, the combination of ivermectin plus Clobetasol showed a more significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels. Regarding the Interleukin-10 (IL-10) level, the Ivermectin and Ivermectin/Clobetasol combination groups showed a significant increase in IL-10.\u0000 Conclusion: Topical Ivermectin’s anti-psoriasis activity increases IL-10 levels and could be used efficiently to alleviate psoriatic symptoms. Its combination treatment with Clobetasol holds promise for the management of psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"628 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}