Pharmacia最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to disease-modifying therapies among patients with multiple sclerosis in Bulgaria – A real world study","authors":"Y. Seitaridou, T. Chamova, M. Kamusheva","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117681","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose was to assess the level of medication adherence (MA) and related factors among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Bulgaria.\u0000 Materials and methods: A prospective one-year study was conducted among 54 patients with MS diagnosed, treated, and monitored in Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Sofia in 2022/2023. Clinical data, patients reported outcomes, patients’ characteristics such as age, gender and reduced work capacity, and other data were collected to define the predictors of non-adherence to medicines. MA level was assessed through a free Morisky–Green 4-item questionnaire.\u0000 Results: Мost of the observed patients were rated with high and moderate adherence to MS therapy (n = 44; 81.48%). The remaining 18.52% of the patients with poor adherence to therapy were women. There was no statistical basis for asserting differences in adherence levels among the various factors considered.\u0000 Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the importance of MA assessment and provides insights into MA among patients with MS in Bulgaria. Still, there are low-adherent patients, and the responsible factors should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority’s (HERA) role in dealing with the monkeypox emergency in the European Union","authors":"Atanas Toshev, Elina S Petkova-Gueorguieva, A. Mihaylova, Galinka Pavlova, Nikoleta Parahuleva, Stefan Balkanski, Lily Peikova, V. Getova, V. Madzharov, S. Gueorguiev","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117944","url":null,"abstract":"The current article examines and analyzes the actions taken by the European Commission, specifically through the Directorate-General Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) – an organization that anticipates threats and potential health crises, through intelligence gathering and building the necessary response capacities), aimed at supporting member states in limiting the spread of MPOX (monkeypox – an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus). It explores specific pharmaceutical products and vaccines procured by HERA and how they have been distributed among member states. The article raises questions about the compliance in purchasing pharmaceutical products and vaccines lacking approval for use within the European Union, highlighting the potential new regulatory challenges for Bulgaria if it needs to secure medications for treatment of human smallpox disease such as Jynneos and TPOXX (Tecovirimat) for its citizens. In conclusion, the article notes the swift response of HERA through the procurement of the Jynneos vaccine and TPOXX medicinal product. This swift response may have contributed to the decline of MPOX cases in the European region, potentially due to collaborative efforts among health authorities at both European and national levels. This success underscores the importance of cooperation among health authorities at various levels in combating infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arylnaphthalene lignans with a focus Linum species: a review on phytochemical, biotechnological and pharmacological potential","authors":"Rada Nedelcheva, Y. Zarev, Rositsa Mihaylova, E. Kozuharova, Georgi Momekov, I. Ionkova","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117690","url":null,"abstract":"Lignans are a large group of dimeric phenylpropanoids with a long and distinguished history of medicinal use in the ancient cultures of many peoples. The two main groups, -aryltetralin and arylnaphthalene lignans, are leading compounds with important pharmacological properties and a wide range of biological activities. While the first group is well studied mainly for the production of podophyllotoxin, for arylnaphthalene lignans, the data on the availability of a sustainable resource for their production is are still insufficient. The Linum genus, comprising approximately 180 species, is notable for its arylnaphthalene lignans production like justicidin B and isojusticidin B. The pharmacological potential of arylnaphthalene lignans includes cytotoxic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal effects. The review highlights the use of biotechnology by in vitro cultures for optimising lignan production. Structural elucidation of novel lignans underscores the ongoing diversity and potential discoveries in this botanical domain, providing an important additional information of arylnaphthalene lignans.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139837753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority’s (HERA) role in dealing with the monkeypox emergency in the European Union","authors":"Atanas Toshev, Elina S Petkova-Gueorguieva, A. Mihaylova, Galinka Pavlova, Nikoleta Parahuleva, Stefan Balkanski, Lily Peikova, V. Getova, V. Madzharov, S. Gueorguiev","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117944","url":null,"abstract":"The current article examines and analyzes the actions taken by the European Commission, specifically through the Directorate-General Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) – an organization that anticipates threats and potential health crises, through intelligence gathering and building the necessary response capacities), aimed at supporting member states in limiting the spread of MPOX (monkeypox – an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus). It explores specific pharmaceutical products and vaccines procured by HERA and how they have been distributed among member states. The article raises questions about the compliance in purchasing pharmaceutical products and vaccines lacking approval for use within the European Union, highlighting the potential new regulatory challenges for Bulgaria if it needs to secure medications for treatment of human smallpox disease such as Jynneos and TPOXX (Tecovirimat) for its citizens. In conclusion, the article notes the swift response of HERA through the procurement of the Jynneos vaccine and TPOXX medicinal product. This swift response may have contributed to the decline of MPOX cases in the European region, potentially due to collaborative efforts among health authorities at both European and national levels. This success underscores the importance of cooperation among health authorities at various levels in combating infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arylnaphthalene lignans with a focus Linum species: a review on phytochemical, biotechnological and pharmacological potential","authors":"Rada Nedelcheva, Y. Zarev, Rositsa Mihaylova, E. Kozuharova, Georgi Momekov, I. Ionkova","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117690","url":null,"abstract":"Lignans are a large group of dimeric phenylpropanoids with a long and distinguished history of medicinal use in the ancient cultures of many peoples. The two main groups, -aryltetralin and arylnaphthalene lignans, are leading compounds with important pharmacological properties and a wide range of biological activities. While the first group is well studied mainly for the production of podophyllotoxin, for arylnaphthalene lignans, the data on the availability of a sustainable resource for their production is are still insufficient. The Linum genus, comprising approximately 180 species, is notable for its arylnaphthalene lignans production like justicidin B and isojusticidin B. The pharmacological potential of arylnaphthalene lignans includes cytotoxic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal effects. The review highlights the use of biotechnology by in vitro cultures for optimising lignan production. Structural elucidation of novel lignans underscores the ongoing diversity and potential discoveries in this botanical domain, providing an important additional information of arylnaphthalene lignans.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of L-Arginine from Giant Snake Head fish (Channa micropeltes) on neuroinflammation and neuron damage in traumatic brain injury in rats","authors":"Andy Nugroho, D. Tamtomo, D. Indarto, R. Cilmiaty, Soetrisno","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111239","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: Traumatic brain injury has high mortality and morbidity. The involvement of neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury is the basis for the development of renewable neuroprotective agents, one of which is the amino acid L-Arginine. The amino acid L-Arginine which can be found in Giant Snake Head fish (Channa micropeltes) is thought to inhibit anti-inflammatory effects through the Arg-1 signaling pathway.\u0000 Aims: To prove and analyze the effect of giving L-Arginine Giant Snake Head fish on neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.\u0000 Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study used a posttest-only control group design. Thirty-five male rats (Rattus norvegicus) with the Wistar strain were randomly divided into five treatment groups, namely the normal control group (N), negative control (KN), and 3 treatment groups (A-C). The KN and A-C groups were modeled after traumatic brain injury and given L-Arginine at a dose of 0.5; 1.5; and 3 g/kgBW/day for 7 days specifically A-C. Brain tissue samples were used for the examination of TLR4, TNF-α, GSDMD, Caspase-3, and histopathological features. All data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test, except for GSDMD expression with a significance <0.05.\u0000 Results: The mean TLR4 expression in A (15.7 ± 5.35), B (12.9 ± 5.67), and C (11.4 ± 6.27) were lower and significant compared to KN, but higher and significant compared to N. The same pattern appears in the decrease in TNF-α expression, Caspase-3 expression, and histopathology of brain tissue damage. The mean relative expression of GSDMD to N in A (1.3 ± 0.53), B (1.2 ± 0.52), and C (1.2 ± 0.60) was higher than in KN, but not significant. Relative expression of GSDMD to Beta Actin, A and B have the same higher expression than C, KN, and N.\u0000 Conclusion: Expression of TLR-4, TNF-α, Caspase-3 and histopathology of brain tissue damage in traumatic brain injury model rats given Giant Snake Head fish L-Arginine were lower than without L-Arginine. Meanwhile, the expression of GSDMD in traumatic brain injury model rats when given Giant Snake Head fish L-Arginine was slightly higher than without L-Arginine.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of types and concentration of bile salts impact on physical properties of nisoldipine-loaded bilosomes","authors":"Ghada Hamid Naji, F. J. Al Gawhari","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116917","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bilosomes are lipid vesicles that exhibit flexibility and deformability. They consist of phospholipids and amphiphilic bile salts. Compared to the normal vesicular systems such as liposomes and niosomes, bilosomes provide several notable advantages, including simplified manufacturing, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced stability.\u0000 Aim: The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different bile salts on the physical properties that include entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, and polydispersity index(PDI). In addition, in vitro drug release for nisoldipine (NSD) loaded bilosomes was evaluated.\u0000 Methods: Nisoldipine-loaded bilosomes were made using a thin film hydration technique. Cholesterol along with surfactant (span 60) was employed, and the formulation also contained several different bile salts, including sodium deoxycholate (SDC), sodium glycocholate (SGC), and sodium taurocholate (STC).\u0000 Results: The developed NSD bilosomes exhibited an entrapment efficiency ranging from 44.2 ± 0.3 to 82.36 ± 0.80% and a vesicle size diameter in the nanometric dimensions (166 ± 1.83 to 237.8 ± 3.3 nm). An in-vitro release study revealed that formulas prepared with SDC bile salts showed higher drug release than SGC and STC formulas.\u0000 Increasing the bile salt amount from 5 mg to 10 mg increases entrapment efficiency with increasing vesicle size. Further increase in bile salt led to decreased entrapment efficiency with increased vesicle size. SDC gives the best result in terms of entrapment efficiency and acceptable size. STC provides the largest particle size due to its high molecular weight compared to SGC and SDC.\u0000 Conclusion: The SDC bile salt component is better suited for manufacturing NSD bilosomes. This is because this component yields the best results regarding high entrapment efficiency, nano size, and prolonged drug release.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of types and concentration of bile salts impact on physical properties of nisoldipine-loaded bilosomes","authors":"Ghada Hamid Naji, F. J. Al Gawhari","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116917","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bilosomes are lipid vesicles that exhibit flexibility and deformability. They consist of phospholipids and amphiphilic bile salts. Compared to the normal vesicular systems such as liposomes and niosomes, bilosomes provide several notable advantages, including simplified manufacturing, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced stability.\u0000 Aim: The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different bile salts on the physical properties that include entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, and polydispersity index(PDI). In addition, in vitro drug release for nisoldipine (NSD) loaded bilosomes was evaluated.\u0000 Methods: Nisoldipine-loaded bilosomes were made using a thin film hydration technique. Cholesterol along with surfactant (span 60) was employed, and the formulation also contained several different bile salts, including sodium deoxycholate (SDC), sodium glycocholate (SGC), and sodium taurocholate (STC).\u0000 Results: The developed NSD bilosomes exhibited an entrapment efficiency ranging from 44.2 ± 0.3 to 82.36 ± 0.80% and a vesicle size diameter in the nanometric dimensions (166 ± 1.83 to 237.8 ± 3.3 nm). An in-vitro release study revealed that formulas prepared with SDC bile salts showed higher drug release than SGC and STC formulas.\u0000 Increasing the bile salt amount from 5 mg to 10 mg increases entrapment efficiency with increasing vesicle size. Further increase in bile salt led to decreased entrapment efficiency with increased vesicle size. SDC gives the best result in terms of entrapment efficiency and acceptable size. STC provides the largest particle size due to its high molecular weight compared to SGC and SDC.\u0000 Conclusion: The SDC bile salt component is better suited for manufacturing NSD bilosomes. This is because this component yields the best results regarding high entrapment efficiency, nano size, and prolonged drug release.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potent antioxidant activity of black grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL) leaf extract and fractions","authors":"Dytha Andri Deswati, K. Anggadiredja, Afrillia Nuryanti Garmana","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117435","url":null,"abstract":"Black grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL) is an Indonesian traditional food that is rich in antioxidants and believed to have potential for treating various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of black grass jelly leaf extract as well as fractions using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. Following ethanol extraction and subsequent fractionations, total flavonoid level was determined, followed by antioxidant activity tests using the ABTS, DPPH and FRAP with vitamin C as references. The tests revealed the following order of antioxidant activities, ethyl acetate fraction>extract>water fraction>n-hexane fraction. All test substances had IC50 of <50 ppm, which categorized them as having very high antioxidant activities. In line with this data, on the basis of reducing power, ethyl acetate extract was shown to be the most potent antioxidant, having a value of 20.24 mgAAE/g sample. Overall, results of the present study suggest the potential use of black grass jelly as a part of the therapeutic armamentarium for oxidative stress-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139851330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potent antioxidant activity of black grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL) leaf extract and fractions","authors":"Dytha Andri Deswati, K. Anggadiredja, Afrillia Nuryanti Garmana","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117435","url":null,"abstract":"Black grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL) is an Indonesian traditional food that is rich in antioxidants and believed to have potential for treating various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of black grass jelly leaf extract as well as fractions using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. Following ethanol extraction and subsequent fractionations, total flavonoid level was determined, followed by antioxidant activity tests using the ABTS, DPPH and FRAP with vitamin C as references. The tests revealed the following order of antioxidant activities, ethyl acetate fraction>extract>water fraction>n-hexane fraction. All test substances had IC50 of <50 ppm, which categorized them as having very high antioxidant activities. In line with this data, on the basis of reducing power, ethyl acetate extract was shown to be the most potent antioxidant, having a value of 20.24 mgAAE/g sample. Overall, results of the present study suggest the potential use of black grass jelly as a part of the therapeutic armamentarium for oxidative stress-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139791235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}