Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology最新文献

{"title":"Interaction of the Diocesan Authorities with Local Administrations in the New Samara Province in the 1850s – 1870s: On the Question of the Nature of Church-State Relations","authors":"Yu. N. Smirnov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-71-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-71-81","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the relationship between the secular and spiritual authorities in the first decades of Samara province (from the 1850s until the 1880s). The study utilizes various sources, both newly discovered and previously published, to shed light on this topic. It employs methods such as “local history”, “history of everyday life”, and interdisciplinary practices. Many works related to different aspects of state-church relations indicate the significance and social relevance of studying this topic. In the 19th century, the diocesan authorities at the local level had goals consistent with the intentions of the imperial administration. Due to modernization, elements of civic society were also involved in cooperating with these authorities. Even though the provincial secular and spiritual supervisors were rigidly subordinated vertically to the higher authorities at the imperial level, they were practically independent. Still, they interacted and “collaborated” in solving common problems in the fields such as education, upbringing, culture, charity, economics, and law. These authorities were united in their opposition to anything that would undermine social stability and in their desire to achieve positive cultural and social changes within the existing state orders.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"27 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practices of the Interaction of Muslim Communities of the Steppes with the Government (The 2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century)","authors":"Yu. A. Lysenko","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-108-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-108-119","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the records of the central and local government of the Russian Empire, stored in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russian State Historical Archive, the article analyzes the aspects and practices of interaction between the authorities and Muslim communities of the Steppe Region in the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th century. Unlike the Orthodox population living in this administrative-territorial division, whose spiritual life was controlled by the officials assigned by the Holy Synod, Muslims were in the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Hence, the regional administration and several central ministries were directly involved in solving the problems of the spiritual life of Muslims of the Steppes. The competence of these authorities included establishing new parish organizations and constructing the worship places, founding confessional schools and religious and charitable societies, and organizing the believers’ pilgrimage to holy places. The legislation regulating the decision-making process for such tasks required submitting a petition to the local authorities, followed by their step-by-step consideration and then resolution. The central aspect of communication between the governing bodies and the Muslim communities was the establishment of the Spiritual Board in the Steppe region. The Kazakh population filed countless petitions to the central government during the first Russian Revolution of 1905–1907. As a result of the petition campaign, the practice of holding special and private meetings with the participation of representatives from authorities and Muslim communities of the region emerged. As sources evidence, when making decisions concerning the Muslims of the Steppe Region, local administrations relied on the trends in ethno-confessional policy implemented by the central government. Therefore, quite often, outcomes did not benefit the local Muslim population. However, in other aspects, the communication between the authorities and the Muslim communities can be characterized as constructive.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peter the Great’s Project to Defend the Philadelphia Metropolitanate","authors":"A. Yastrebov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-56-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-56-70","url":null,"abstract":"The article uses the materials of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire to study the mission of Hegumen Gerasim Foca, who in 1722 came to ask Emperor Peter the Great for help to the Orthodox of Venice. For the first time, the Greek community appealed to the head of the Russian state, delegating a cleric of St. George’s Church to do so. Correspondence between the College of Foreign Affairs and the Holy Synod provides details of the case and the project of assistance to the Orthodox of Venice. From the case files, we also learn about the decision of the Russian government to open a diplomatic mission in the republic. The documents contain information about the personality of Gerasim Foca, as well as about the circumstances of his life in Russia. At the same time, the project, aimed at helping the faithful of Italy and strengthening Russia's influence in the Apennines and the Balkans, remained unrealized.However, during the 18th century, the cooperation of the Russian government with the Greeks was successful, which led not only to the opening of the consulate and the restitution of the orthodox church but later to the establishment  of the regular embassy and the Russian chapel. The Russian consulate, which Greeks invariably leaded, co-existed  in parallel with the Russian embassy and continued its activities after the abolition of the Venetian Republic.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"41 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Border Commissariats on the Russian-Chinese Border in the 2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries","authors":"I. Mamkina","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-82-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-82-94","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-19th century, the Russian government started pushing forward the implementation of a policy to move its population eastward. This was done to strengthen the country’s position in the East and required coordination with China to establish state borders. The legal formalization of the boundaries resulted in the development of new mechanisms of border diplomacy for further interaction between both countries. However, there has been relatively little study of the approaches and tools used in Russian-Chinese diplomacy during this time. This article summarizes the history of establishing border commissariats on the Russian-Chinese border in the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th century. The study is carried out using the narrative, structural, and functional method, the method of variance, and normative comparison. As a result, it finds out that in the 2nd half of the 19th century, diplomatic functions were shared between the Governor-General, border commissars, and diplomatic officials reporting to the Governor-General. The border commissar was a civil position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was represented by a civilian with the rank of state adviser. The Commissioner’s powers were subordinated to and supervised by the Far East region's Governor-General (military position), who overlooked diplomatic relations. Four border commissariats were set up in the Transbaikal, Amour, South Ussuri and Uryankhay regions. The author concludes that there was no unified system of border commissariats. Although the commissars shared professional duties, they acted independently and dealt with foreign policy issues specific to their region. Overall, the commissars' activities helped maintain socio-political stability in the Eastern border regions of the Russian Empire. ","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"18 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peter the Great’s Project to Defend the Philadelphia Metropolitanate","authors":"A. Yastrebov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-56-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-56-70","url":null,"abstract":"The article uses the materials of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire to study the mission of Hegumen Gerasim Foca, who in 1722 came to ask Emperor Peter the Great for help to the Orthodox of Venice. For the first time, the Greek community appealed to the head of the Russian state, delegating a cleric of St. George’s Church to do so. Correspondence between the College of Foreign Affairs and the Holy Synod provides details of the case and the project of assistance to the Orthodox of Venice. From the case files, we also learn about the decision of the Russian government to open a diplomatic mission in the republic. The documents contain information about the personality of Gerasim Foca, as well as about the circumstances of his life in Russia. At the same time, the project, aimed at helping the faithful of Italy and strengthening Russia's influence in the Apennines and the Balkans, remained unrealized.However, during the 18th century, the cooperation of the Russian government with the Greeks was successful, which led not only to the opening of the consulate and the restitution of the orthodox church but later to the establishment  of the regular embassy and the Russian chapel. The Russian consulate, which Greeks invariably leaded, co-existed  in parallel with the Russian embassy and continued its activities after the abolition of the Venetian Republic.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"24 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of the Diocesan Authorities with Local Administrations in the New Samara Province in the 1850s – 1870s: On the Question of the Nature of Church-State Relations","authors":"Yu. N. Smirnov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-71-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-71-81","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the relationship between the secular and spiritual authorities in the first decades of Samara province (from the 1850s until the 1880s). The study utilizes various sources, both newly discovered and previously published, to shed light on this topic. It employs methods such as “local history”, “history of everyday life”, and interdisciplinary practices. Many works related to different aspects of state-church relations indicate the significance and social relevance of studying this topic. In the 19th century, the diocesan authorities at the local level had goals consistent with the intentions of the imperial administration. Due to modernization, elements of civic society were also involved in cooperating with these authorities. Even though the provincial secular and spiritual supervisors were rigidly subordinated vertically to the higher authorities at the imperial level, they were practically independent. Still, they interacted and “collaborated” in solving common problems in the fields such as education, upbringing, culture, charity, economics, and law. These authorities were united in their opposition to anything that would undermine social stability and in their desire to achieve positive cultural and social changes within the existing state orders.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"98 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Views of the Japanese Leadership on the Military Threat from Russia in 1895–1916","authors":"A. Zorikhin","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-89-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-89-100","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the views of the top leadership of Japan on the degree of military threat to Russia in 1895-1916. The author concludes about the decisive influence of the fears of the Japanese Empire government about a military clash with Russia on the process of developing and implementing the foreign policy of this island state in this period. The main reasons for this were the presence of mutual territorial claims to neighbouring Manchuria and Korea in 1895–1903, the growth of the grouping of troops of the Tsarist army beyond Lake Baikal in response to the aggravation of relations with Japan from 1896 which lasted until 1914, the influence of Russian–British and Japanese- American contradictions. Therefore, since 1902, the Japanese government has been laying the basis for the defense strategy and foreign policy of the assumption of an inevitable military conflict with Russia, where Tokyo was either a victim of aggression or forced to deliver a preemptive strike on the side. In accordance with their ideas about the aggressive nature of Russian foreign policy, in 1895–1903 and in 1907–1914, the military and political leadership of the empire adopted and implemented programs for the development of the Armed Forces aimed at achieving military parity with Russia in the Far East. Nevertheless, after the Russian-Japanese war, the Imperial Navy began to increasingly declare the need to consider not only Russia, but also America as the main enemy. The final settlement of all disputed issues between St. Petersburg and Tokyo occurred only after the signing of secret agreements on the division of spheres of influence on the continent in 1907–1912, and the transfer of Tsarist troops from the Far East to the West in 1914–1915 and Russia's support of Japanese claims to German colonies in China at the beginning of the First World War led to the formation of the Russian-Japanese military bloc in 1916.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Reading the Text of Xylograph D-86 “Samseolgi jung”","authors":"D. S. Anofrieva","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-143-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-143-152","url":null,"abstract":"The Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IOM RAS) has more than 100,000 manuscripts and xylographs in 60 Oriental languages. The Korean fund represents a small part of this collection, however the unique works of Korean culture stored in the IOM RAS are of interest to both researchers from the Republic of Korea and local Russian scientists. The article describes the difficulties of reading the text of the D-86 xylograph \"Samseolgi jung\" from the Manuscript Collection of the IOM RAS. The work highlights the main problems that a researcher may encounter when working with similar medieval sources of Korean culture written in the Korean alphabet (in Hangul). The author of the article analyzes some features of the Modern Korean language revealed in this xylograph and describes its differences from the language of the 15th century and from Contemporary Korean, using the study of texts written in Hangul in different centuries for comparison. Commented examples of the old orthography and different spelling variations of the same word are used to illustrate the peculiarities in the language of the source. This article also describes the features of writing the graphics of the text of the 19th century, which were not previously covered (in particular, the symbol of repetition of the previous syllable, which in its graphic form and function is similar to the repetition sign used in the Chinese language, and the abbreviation sign of the median predicative affix 고 /go/).","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"62 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Sources on Russian-Korean Contacts in the First Quarter of the 19th Century","authors":"Minxiang Yan","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-67-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-67-76","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of new manuscript materials from the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the relations between members of the Korean diplomatic mission and the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing. The letters, written in the first 20 years of the 19th century, contain correspondence between the members of the two countries' missions, which cannot be found in contemporary historical sources. This article is devoted to studying the addressee of the members of the Korean diplomatic mission, putting all the letters in order, and clarifying their historical value in the study of Sino-Russian-Korean relations on the eve of the modern time. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that these manuscripts, closely related to the activities of the great Russian sinologist N. Ya. Bichurin, have not been studied before. According to the content of these letters, Bichurin communicated with the Koreans on the model of educated Chinese people, and one of the purposes of communication between the envoys of the two countries was the acquisition of different information. The relevance of the study is caused by the growing scientific interest of scholars in new manuscript materials about the history of Russian sinology and Russian-Korean relations.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “War of Resistance against Japan”: Shaping the Image of the Aggressor by the Chinese Communist Party","authors":"Р. V. Kulneva","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-101-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-10-101-112","url":null,"abstract":"The Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945, known in China as the “War of Resistance against Japan”, remains an integral part of the official rhetoric of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Considering the key role of the War of Resistance in understanding the perception of Japan by China today, this article studies the formation of Japan’s image by the CCP during and after the war. The research is based on official publications of the CCP, statements of party leaders, and works by Russian and foreign researchers. The first part deals with the perception of Japan by the communists during the war. Particular attention here is paid to the importance of the context of the Chinese Civil War and the global revolutionary and class struggle in shaping of the image of the aggressor. The second part traces the evolution of Japan’s image following the changes in political priorities of the CCP after the war and the increasing prominence of the “victimization narrative” in China in recent decades. The third part illustrates the connection of historical memory to the current problems of Sino-Japanese relations and reveals the role of Japan’s image in contemporary political rhetoric of the CCP. The analysis clearly demonstrates the influence of political and ideological factors on the formation of the image of the aggressor. At the same time, it is obvious that the complexity of Japan's perception intrinsic to the war period in China remains up to the present day.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}