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Synthesis of WS2 Ultrathin Films by Magnetron Sputtering Followed by Sulfurization in a Confined Space 在密闭空间通过磁控溅射硫化合成 WS2 超薄薄膜

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010008

Florinel Sava, I. Simandan, A. Buruiana, Amelia-Elena Bocirnea, Outman El Khouja, Teddy Tite, M. Zaki, C. Mihai, A. Velea

{"title":"Synthesis of WS2 Ultrathin Films by Magnetron Sputtering Followed by Sulfurization in a Confined Space","authors":"Florinel Sava, I. Simandan, A. Buruiana, Amelia-Elena Bocirnea, Outman El Khouja, Teddy Tite, M. Zaki, C. Mihai, A. Velea","doi":"10.3390/surfaces7010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7010008","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest for advanced materials suitable for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications, tungsten disulfide (WS2) ultrathin films have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique properties. However, obtaining WS2 directly on the desired substrate, eliminating the need for transfer, which produces additional defects, poses many challenges. This paper aims to explore the synthesis of WS2 ultrathin films via physical vapor deposition (PVD) followed by sulfurization in a confined space, addressing the challenge of film formation for practical applications. Precursor layers of tungsten and WS2 were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Subsequent sulfurization treatments were conducted in a small, closed, graphite box to produce WS2 films. The physical and chemical properties of these precursor and sulfurized layers were thoroughly characterized using techniques such as X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The findings reveal notable distinctions in film thickness, structural orientation, and chemical composition, attributable to the different precursor used. Particularly, the sulfurized layers from the tungsten precursor exhibited a preferred orientation of WS2 crystallites with their (00L) planes parallel to the substrate surface, along with a deviation from parallelism in a small angular range. This study highlights the necessity of precise control over deposition and sulfurization parameters to tailor the properties of WS2 films for specific technological applications.","PeriodicalId":508474,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139845160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of WS2 Ultrathin Films by Magnetron Sputtering Followed by Sulfurization in a Confined Space 在密闭空间通过磁控溅射硫化合成 WS2 超薄薄膜

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010008

Florinel Sava, I. Simandan, A. Buruiana, Amelia-Elena Bocirnea, Outman El Khouja, Teddy Tite, M. Zaki, C. Mihai, A. Velea

{"title":"Synthesis of WS2 Ultrathin Films by Magnetron Sputtering Followed by Sulfurization in a Confined Space","authors":"Florinel Sava, I. Simandan, A. Buruiana, Amelia-Elena Bocirnea, Outman El Khouja, Teddy Tite, M. Zaki, C. Mihai, A. Velea","doi":"10.3390/surfaces7010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7010008","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest for advanced materials suitable for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications, tungsten disulfide (WS2) ultrathin films have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique properties. However, obtaining WS2 directly on the desired substrate, eliminating the need for transfer, which produces additional defects, poses many challenges. This paper aims to explore the synthesis of WS2 ultrathin films via physical vapor deposition (PVD) followed by sulfurization in a confined space, addressing the challenge of film formation for practical applications. Precursor layers of tungsten and WS2 were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Subsequent sulfurization treatments were conducted in a small, closed, graphite box to produce WS2 films. The physical and chemical properties of these precursor and sulfurized layers were thoroughly characterized using techniques such as X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The findings reveal notable distinctions in film thickness, structural orientation, and chemical composition, attributable to the different precursor used. Particularly, the sulfurized layers from the tungsten precursor exhibited a preferred orientation of WS2 crystallites with their (00L) planes parallel to the substrate surface, along with a deviation from parallelism in a small angular range. This study highlights the necessity of precise control over deposition and sulfurization parameters to tailor the properties of WS2 films for specific technological applications.","PeriodicalId":508474,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"106 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Corrosion in Simulated Body Fluid on Fatigue Characteristics of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid-Coated AM60 Magnesium Alloys 模拟体液中的腐蚀对三维打印聚乳酸涂层 AM60 镁合金疲劳特性的影响

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010007

Seyed Ali Ashraf Talesh, Mohammad Azadi

{"title":"Impact of Corrosion in Simulated Body Fluid on Fatigue Characteristics of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid-Coated AM60 Magnesium Alloys","authors":"Seyed Ali Ashraf Talesh, Mohammad Azadi","doi":"10.3390/surfaces7010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7010007","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the pure fatigue behaviors of AM60 magnesium alloy with polylactic acid (PLA) coating (PF-AM60-PLA) and the corrosion fatigue behaviors of magnesium alloy with PLA coating (CF-AM60-PLA) were evaluated. Polymer coating was made by fused deposition modeling (FDM) with a 3D printer and attached to standard fatigue test specimens with glue. Then, after 27 days of immersion in the simulated body fluid (SBF), the high-cycle bending fatigue test was performed on samples. Due to corrosion, the weight of the specimens was reduced by an average of 35%. The corrosion rate decreased in the first 7 days and then increased. PF samples with a coating had an average 49% increase in fatigue lifetime. Regarding the CF samples, despite the use of a 10-times stronger solution, the fatigue lifetime of these samples decreased by only 35%. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results also showed cleavage plates and striations. In addition, the separation of the glue from the coating and Mg was observed. Corrosion products, in addition to microcracks and holes, were seen on the fracture surface of CF specimens, which caused the stress concentration and the crack initiation. Holes caused by the release of gases were also observed in polymer coatings, which were fabricated by 3D printing.","PeriodicalId":508474,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Corrosion in Simulated Body Fluid on Fatigue Characteristics of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid-Coated AM60 Magnesium Alloys 模拟体液中的腐蚀对三维打印聚乳酸涂层 AM60 镁合金疲劳特性的影响

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010007

Seyed Ali Ashraf Talesh, Mohammad Azadi

{"title":"Impact of Corrosion in Simulated Body Fluid on Fatigue Characteristics of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid-Coated AM60 Magnesium Alloys","authors":"Seyed Ali Ashraf Talesh, Mohammad Azadi","doi":"10.3390/surfaces7010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7010007","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the pure fatigue behaviors of AM60 magnesium alloy with polylactic acid (PLA) coating (PF-AM60-PLA) and the corrosion fatigue behaviors of magnesium alloy with PLA coating (CF-AM60-PLA) were evaluated. Polymer coating was made by fused deposition modeling (FDM) with a 3D printer and attached to standard fatigue test specimens with glue. Then, after 27 days of immersion in the simulated body fluid (SBF), the high-cycle bending fatigue test was performed on samples. Due to corrosion, the weight of the specimens was reduced by an average of 35%. The corrosion rate decreased in the first 7 days and then increased. PF samples with a coating had an average 49% increase in fatigue lifetime. Regarding the CF samples, despite the use of a 10-times stronger solution, the fatigue lifetime of these samples decreased by only 35%. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results also showed cleavage plates and striations. In addition, the separation of the glue from the coating and Mg was observed. Corrosion products, in addition to microcracks and holes, were seen on the fracture surface of CF specimens, which caused the stress concentration and the crack initiation. Holes caused by the release of gases were also observed in polymer coatings, which were fabricated by 3D printing.","PeriodicalId":508474,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"211 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substrate Doping and Defect Influence on P-Rich InP(001):H Surface Properties 基底掺杂和缺陷对富 P InP(001):H 表面特性的影响

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010006

Rachele Sciotto, I. A. Ruiz Alvarado, W. G. Schmidt

引用次数: 0

Reviewing Perovskite Oxide-Based Materials for the Effective Treatment of Antibiotic-Polluted Environments: Challenges, Trends, and New Insights 回顾有效处理抗生素污染环境的氧化物包光体材料：挑战、趋势和新见解

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010005

Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior, Carlos Rafael Silva de Oliveira, Tarcisio Wolff Leal, Leandro Pellenz, Selene de Souza, Antônio de Souza, A. Mapossa, Robert Tewo, Hilary Rutto, Luciano da Silva, Adriano da Silva

{"title":"Reviewing Perovskite Oxide-Based Materials for the Effective Treatment of Antibiotic-Polluted Environments: Challenges, Trends, and New Insights","authors":"Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior, Carlos Rafael Silva de Oliveira, Tarcisio Wolff Leal, Leandro Pellenz, Selene de Souza, Antônio de Souza, A. Mapossa, Robert Tewo, Hilary Rutto, Luciano da Silva, Adriano da Silva","doi":"10.3390/surfaces7010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7010005","url":null,"abstract":"Society confronts the pressing environmental challenges posed by the pervasive presence of toxic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The repercussions of contaminant release extend far and wide, endangering marine life and human well-being. While various techniques such as bioremediation, filtration, and adsorption have been employed for wastewater treatment, they grapple with cost effectiveness and overall efficiency issues. Advanced oxidative processes, including photocatalysis and Fenton, have emerged as viable solutions in response to the emerging contaminants. However, the efficacy of photocatalysis largely hinges on the choice of catalyst. Their distinctive attributes, such as chemical defects and exceptional stability, make perovskite oxides a promising catalyst. These materials can be synthesized through diverse methods, rendering them versatile and adaptable for widespread applications. Ongoing research endeavors are diligently focused on enhancing the performance of perovskite oxides, optimizing their integration into catalytic processes, and exploring innovative approaches for material immobilization. This comprehensive review seeks to elucidate the most pivotal advances in perovskite oxides and their composites within the wastewater treatment domain. Additionally, it sheds light on burgeoning research trends and multifaceted challenges confronting this field, which present insights into techniques for treating the antibiotic-contaminated environment, delving into innovative strategies, green technologies, challenges, and emerging trends.","PeriodicalId":508474,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ignition of Carbon Black during Nanosecond Diffuse and Spark Discharges in Air at Atmospheric Pressure 在大气压下空气中发生纳秒漫射和火花放电时炭黑的点燃情况

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010004

Mikhail Lomaev, V. Tarasenko, Dmitry Sorokin, D. Beloplotov

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Mn Doping and Ti3+ Defects at TiO2 Surfaces in NO and SO2 Gas Capture Investigated Using Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 利用近环境压力 X 射线光电子能谱研究二氧化钛表面掺杂 Mn 和 Ti3+ 缺陷对 NO 和 SO2 气体捕获的影响

Surfaces Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces7010003

J. C. Ke, A. Thomas, Joseph Peake, Robert Sayer

{"title":"The Effect of Mn Doping and Ti3+ Defects at TiO2 Surfaces in NO and SO2 Gas Capture Investigated Using Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy","authors":"J. C. Ke, A. Thomas, Joseph Peake, Robert Sayer","doi":"10.3390/surfaces7010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7010003","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of air pollutants is an important research topic in order to improve the environment. In addition, many common pollutants can affect human health to varying degrees. In this work, we investigate NO and SO2 conversion by reaction with a commonly used metal oxide catalyst, TiO2. Rutile TiO2(110) single crystals and industrial powder samples used in sunscreen are studied using near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) as a main tool. This allows in situ monitoring of the gas conversion process. We find Ti3+ defects (oxygen vacancies) or Mn oxides/cations (MnO) at the TiO2 surfaces can improve the conversion of NO and SO2 to surface-bound species. MnO and Ti3+ defects at the surface of rutile TiO2(110) exhibit a synergistic effect on the conversion of NO and SO2 that is significantly improved by nearly an order of magnitude. The by-products are mainly in the form of NO3−, SO32−, and SO42−. We find the main oxidation products formed on the single crystals are subtly different from those on the industrial powder samples. For TiO2 nanopowders (undoped and Mndoped), the presence of Mn also shows improvement in toxic gas adsorption capacity. Overall, it is believed that the outcome obtained from NAP-XPS in this research provides useful insights for the future use of TiO2 in pollutant gas capture.","PeriodicalId":508474,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"33 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0