{"title":"Miniaturized wideband bandpass filter using capacitor-loaded coupled-lines","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A compact wideband bandpass filter (BPF) based on capacitor-loaded parallel coupled-lines and open/short stubs is presented in this brief. The proposed BPF contains four lumped capacitors that can reduce the circuit size, which are connected in series or parallel with the coupled microstrip lines and open/short stubs. Owing to the symmetry of the circuit topology structure, odd- and even-mode methods are used for analysis, then the 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) and return loss (RL) can be calculated by MATLAB using impedance deduction of each branch circuit. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design, a wideband BPF prototype with a center frequency of 0.23 GHz and a 3-dB FBW of 117.8 % is fabricated and measured, which exhibits a miniaturized size of 0.026λg × 0.079λg (λg: guided wavelength at the center frequency). The results of experiment are very consistent with theoretical calculations, circuit and electromagnetic simulations, validating the concept of the proposed technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A vertical transition for suspended line with two transition modes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, we propose a substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) vertical transition for chip packaging. The transition structure supports both counter-directional and co-directional modes for single-module packaging and vertical integration, respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) reduces the demands on substrate electrical contact and simplifies the assembly process. A transition structure was designed to convert SISL to a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to facilitate measurement. The overall structure can be implemented using cost-effective printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Two prototypes of this transition were designed and fabricated. In the frequency range of 12–18 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 40%, the measured return loss is better than 12 dB, while the insertion loss remains consistently below 2.2 dB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141998536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the integral and derivative identities of bivariate Fox H-function and applications in performance analysis of wireless communications under generalized Gaussian noise","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In conjunction with an algebraic, exponential, complementary error function, and a generalized Q-function, this paper provides analytical solutions for the integral of the bivariate Fox H-function (BFHF). The paper also includes derivative identities related to function arguments. The proposed formulations are then applied for analyzing the performance of point-to-point wireless communication subjected to fading, the characterization of which involves the bivariate Fox H-function, and additive white generalized Gaussian noise. Novel expressions are presented for evaluating the average symbol error probability performance considering different noise distributions, such as Gamma, Gaussian, and Laplacian. An asymptotic analysis is also conducted to determine the system’s potential diversity order. Finally, the accuracy of the analytical findings is confirmed via comparisons of numerical results with Monte-Carlo simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A high-speed dynamic comparator with automatic offset calibration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A high-speed dynamic comparator with preamplifier and automatic dc offset calibration in all stages is proposed in this paper. The offset compensation is applied in two stages, following a two-part sequential loop training topology, offering significant reduction of the dc offset in each stage. The final resolution is improved with a final value less than 800 μV operating at 7.5 GHz clock speed. The dynamic comparator stage is a double-tail topology while the calibration topology is based on a current injection technique, instead of the commonly used capacitive calibration which can reduce the operating speed. Designed in a CMOS 65 nm technology node, the circuit operates with 1 V supply voltage. Results of PVT Monte Carlo post-layout simulations verify the operation of the proposed topology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Σ-Δ ADC with a DPOQ system and a new multi-Stage digital filter","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a high-precision Sigma Delta ADC for automotive electronic sensors and delves into methods for optimizing quantizers and filters, with a focus on DPOQ quantizers and hybrid CIC filters. This ADC features a Dual-path One-bit Quantization (DPOQ) System, which improves the accuracy of Sigma-Delta ADCs while reducing hardware consumption. Meanwhile, this paper presents a new multistage digital filter. The filter uses a cascade of multiple filters, including cosine-like (CL), cascaded integral comb (CIC), interpolated second-order polynomial (ISOP), and half-band (HB) filters, to enhance the ADC’s accuracy. The filter are designed using canonical signed digit (CSD) and common subexpression (CSE) optimized the design algorithm of the filter, to reduce hardware resource consumption and improve computational performance. The ADC is synthesized using 180 nm CMOS technology, achieving an output SNDR of 96.26 dB, ENOB of 15.73 bits, and total power of 518.35 uW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guest editorial special issue on selected papers from SMACD 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substrate integrated waveguide-based ultra-compact self-heptaplexing antenna for IoT connectivity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces an innovative design of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW)-based self-heptaplexing antenna (SHA). The proposed structure is implemented using a combination of circular and rectangular HM-SIW cavities. Furthermore, the antenna contains seven individual patches on top of the SIW cavity to operate at seven distinct frequencies. The microstrip feeding technique has been used to activate seven distinct ports. All patches are excited through 50-ohm feedlines. The antenna operation is elucidated using an equivalent LC model. To demonstrate its operating principles a self-heptaplexing antenna has been designed to work at 2.45, 3, 3.58, 4, 4.45, 5.2, and 5.88 GHz. The measured realized gain of the proposed antenna at the respective bands is 3.2, 3.85, 3.1, 3.245, 4, 2.98, and 4.5 dBi. The isolation exceeds 20 dB over the entire working bands. The EM-simulated and measured characteristics are in good agreement. Although the suggested antenna has been designed for seven ports and lower frequencies, it has a relatively compact size of 0.28 <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span>. The major advantages of the proposed self-heptaplexing antenna include excellent isolation, an ultra-compact design, and good radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna offers a high degree of flexibility. It allows for independent frequency tuning, which makes it suitable for IoT, wireless communication systems, and diverse sub-6 GHz band applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A class AB ultra-low-power asymmetrical structured current multiplier","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An ultra-low power (ULP) class-AB four-quadrant current multiplier is introduced with a new power and area-saving technique based on asymmetrical structures such as direct current copying (DCC) and an asymmetrical transconductor (A-g<sub>m</sub>). The DCC technique decreases the bias current and chip area by copying them directly from the lower current branches. Additionally; it enables direct voltage biasing and current branch elimination, resulting in lower decreased standby and dynamic power and smaller chip area. The newly released A-g<sub>m</sub>, featuring asymmetrical input transistors, enables a further reduction in current bias with minimal distortion but a higher input modulation index (M.I.) than previous works. Furthermore, a Wilson active load with modified transistor dimensions was applied to implement the structure in a conventional n-well 180 nm TSMC process. Simulation results verified by Cadence Virtuoso software demonstrate superior achievements in power and area compared to previous works, despite using a more backward technology. For a <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 0.35 V voltage power supply, the multiplier has a 1.8 nW standby power and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −30 dB for an input M.I. of 12.64.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel FVF-based GHz-range biquad in a 28 nm CMOS FD-SOI technology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inductor-less CMOS filters with bandwidth exceeding several GHz are required in high-speed data converter applications. This paper introduces two complementary biquad filters, one N-based and the other P-based, utilizing the well-established flipped voltage follower (FVF) stage. These filters exhibit more than 7 GHz cut-off frequency and a low power consumption of 0.54 mW/pole for the N-type biquad, and 0.3 mW/pole for the P-type one, demonstrating impressive figures-of-merit (FOMs) even considering bandwidth and dynamic range. The implementation of these biquads in the STMicroelectronics FD-SOI 28-nm CMOS process, along with extensive simulations, ensures stable performance under process, supply voltage and temperature (PVT) variations and mismatches, as confirmed by post-layout simulations. Notably, the area occupied by each biquad is merely 246 μm<sup>2</sup> for N-type biquad and 193 μm<sup>2</sup> for P-type, marking one of the smallest footprints in the existing literature. The achieved figures-of-merit are noteworthy, showcasing excellent power efficiency, minimal area occupation, and commendable dynamic range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An ultra-low power adjustable current-mode analog integrated general purpose artificial neural network classifier","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a methodology tailored to analog hardware architecture for implementing an artificial neural network. The fundamental components of the architecture include current-mode circuits, representing the class, and a voltage-mode comparator. Specifically, the current mode circuits comprise the Mahalanobis distance circuit, Sigmoid function circuit, analog multiplier, and current mirrors. Regarding the voltage comparator, which receives the final decision, a folded-cascode operational amplifier is employed. The operational principles of the architecture are extensively explained and applied in a power-efficient configuration (operating under 976nW) with low power supply rails (0.6 V). The proposed implementation is tested on real-world biomedical classification tasks, achieving classification accuracy exceeding 91.6%. The designs are implemented using a <span><math><mrow><mn>90</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow></math></span> CMOS process and developed using the Cadence IC Suite for both schematic and layout design. Monte-Carlo analysis, encompassing both process and mismatch, as well as corner analysis, are provided to confirm the robust characteristics of the proposed classifier. Through comparative analysis of post-layout simulation results with an equivalent software-based classifier and related literature, the proper operation of the proposed architecture is confirmed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}