Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications最新文献

{"title":"Impact of hardware impairments and BS antenna tilt on 3D drone localization and tracking","authors":"Mehari Meles,&nbsp;Akash Rajasekaran,&nbsp;Estifanos Yohannes Menta,&nbsp;Lauri Mela,&nbsp;Riku Jäntti","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, GPS-free drone localization is increasingly gaining attention in various applications, but it faces significant accuracy challenges in three-dimensional (3D) space due to various impairments. This study investigates the effects of carrier frequency offset (CFO), phase noise (PN), and down-tilted base station (BS) antennas on drone positioning and tracking. Additionally, we explore the impact of inter-site distance (ISD) and BS density on drone position estimation accuracy. In our methodology, we consider a flying drone equipped with a single transmission antenna and BSs configured with 4 × 4 antennas under specific impairments. We first analyze the effects of these impairments on the signal’s covariance matrix. Then, using the MUSIC algorithm, we estimate the azimuth and elevation angles, which serve as the basis for drone localization using the Least Squares (LS) method across all BSs. Finally, the estimated positions feed into an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for tracking. Our results present a sequential analysis of the impact of all impairments on the off-diagonal covariance matrix, on the Angle of Arrival (AOA) estimation and 3D drone localization. We use simulations to demonstrate how hardware impairments affect 3D drone localization accuracy under varying ISD and BS densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error rates of optically pre-amplified PPM wireless systems with coding and arbitrary optical filter response","authors":"Konstantinos Yiannopoulos,&nbsp;Nikos C. Sagias,&nbsp;Ioannis Moscholios","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present novel results for the uncoded and coded bit-error probability (BEP) of optically pre-amplified pulse-position modulation (PPM) wireless systems. For uncoded systems, a novel analytic method for the evaluation of the BEP is derived. The method takes into account the non-ideal optical filter response and utilizes a finite Karhunen–Loève series expansion to calculate the BEP. Using the proposed approach, it is possible to accurately evaluate the PPM BEP for arbitrarily shaped filters where the well-established <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> method only provides approximate results. Considering a Lorentzian filter response, the discrepancy between the two methods amounts to 0.5 dB in a variety of filter bandwidths and PPM modulation orders. The Lorentzian filter response was chosen as an illustrative practical example whose series can be calculated analytically. The proposed method is also valid for any type of optical filter for which the Karhunen–Loève series expansion can be calculated analytically or numerically. Due to the finite number of terms that are required irrespective of the signal energy level, the proposed method can also be applied without loss of accuracy to assess the system performance under the effects of turbulence and adverse weather conditions. For coded systems with Lorentzian filters, Monte-Carlo simulations are utilized to evaluate the BEP performance of the 5G LDPC codes, and it is demonstrated that they impart an energy gain up to 3.3 dB for 4–PPM and 2.3 dB for 16–PPM at a target BEP of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The optimal code rates are also discussed for several combinations of the optical filter bandwidth and PPM modulation order and it is shown that in almost all of the cases the optimal code rate is 11/13. Moreover, the sum-product and min-sum decoders perform within 0.1 dB from each other for the best code rates, which points towards the utilization of the min-sum decoder in all settings, since its operation does not require knowledge of the filter parameters. Finally, the comparison between the coded systems with Lorentzian and ideal passband filters exhibits the same 0.5 dB discrepancy that was observed for uncoded systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-profile dielectric grooved GRIN lens for broadband millimeter-wave applications","authors":"Andrzej Dudek,&nbsp;Slawomir Gruszczynski,&nbsp;Krzysztof Wincza","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave lenses are utilized at millimeter waves to ensure high-gain and narrow-beamwidth radiation patterns. This paper proposes full-dielectric grooved graded-index (GRIN) lenses with an improved effective permittivity profile of the lens. The proposed grooved GRIN lenses combine changes in the lens geometry with the stepped effective permittivity profile to better approximate the theoretical permittivity profile of the lens. A prototype GRIN lens has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The designed lens has diameter and thickness equal to 72 mm and 19.04 mm (5.3<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, 1.4<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> at the center frequency of 22 GHz), respectively. The lens covers the entire K-band (18–26.5 GHz) with aperture efficiency better than 44%. Moreover, it achieves the maximum gain and aperture efficiency of 23 dBi and 64%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tunable 3×5 Nolen matrix for sidelobe-reduced and beamforming applications","authors":"Tian-Gui Huang,&nbsp;Fu-Chang Chen,&nbsp;Jia-Zuo Cao,&nbsp;Kai-Ran Xiang,&nbsp;Yun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A methodology of designing a 3×5 Nolen matrix with non-uniform power distribution is proposed in this paper. Several tunable phase shifters are designed to realize the capability of continuous beam steering. Additionally, two power dividers are integrated with a 3×5 Nolen matrix to produce the desired non-uniform power distribution, thereby reducing the sidelobe levels. In order to establish the appropriate power divider ratios, this paper thoroughly examines the correlation between power ratio at each port and different loss scenarios as well as Chebyshev distribution. An experimental Nolen matrix prototype has been designed and fabricated to confirm the efficacy of our proposed approach. The fabricated 3×5 Nolen matrix prototype offers continuous beam steering and achieves sidelobe levels below −22 dB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 132–170 GHz high-gain driving amplifier utilizing asymmetric broadside coupled line in 40-nm CMOS","authors":"Jiapeng Wan ,&nbsp;Yizhu Shen ,&nbsp;Yifan Ding ,&nbsp;Sanming Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a driving amplifier (DA) utilizing the proposed asymmetric broadside coupled line. In contrast to conventional coupled line, the balun devised with proposed asymmetric coupled line and enhanced wideband balance compensation technique is utilized, thereby achieving wideband impedance matching and mitigating insertion loss. Additionally, the utilization of the lossy over-neutralization technique substantially enhances the power gain of amplifiers operating in the upper millimeter-wave band (150 GHz–300 GHz). The DA is fabricated utilizing a 40-nm CMOS process without aluminum layers. The fabricated amplifier demonstrates a compact total area of 0.135 mm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> (0.031 <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>), with a core area of 0.027 mm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> (0.0061 <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>). It achieves a high gain of 19.4 dB, high power of 11.05 dBm, and high power-added efficiency (PAE) of 11.05% at 160 GHz. Moreover, both the 3-dB power gain bandwidth and the 3-dB saturated power bandwidth extend from 132 GHz to 170 GHz, covering a bandwidth of 38 GHz. This configuration underscores the robust performance of the DA in the upper millimeter-wave band.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gain improvement of conformal circularly polarized Fabry-Perot resonator antenna based on metasurface","authors":"Peng Xie,&nbsp;Yao Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhao,&nbsp;Boxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conformal antenna can keep consistent with the shape of the carrier perfectly, which greatly saves the space of the carrier, so it is widely used in military, aerospace and other fields. In this paper, a cylindrical conformal circular polarization Fabry-Perot resonator antenna is designed, and the adverse effect of conformal on antenna gain is overcome by transmission phase compensation. Firstly, a linear to circular polarization conversion metasurface with adjustable transmission phase is designed. The main reason for choosing the metasurface here is to take advantage of its excellent electromagnetic control ability. The metal structures of the metasurface are printed on the ultra-thin dielectric plates, and then attached to the support structure machined by 3D printing, so as to achieve the conformal design of the metasurface. Secondly, the proposed metasurface is used as the superstructure and is combined with a conformal feed to form a cylindrical conformal circularly polarized Fabry Perot resonator antenna. The conformal feed is a patch antenna which is conformal designed in the same way as the metasurface. The conformal feeder is placed under the conformal metasurface to ensure that the electromagnetic wave radiated by the feeder can enter the resonant cavity composed of the feeder and the metasurface. The curvature of the cylindrical conformal of feed and metasurface is the same, which can ensure the high unity of the different positions in the resonator. Next, by adjusting the transmission phase of the unit on the metaurface, the phase compensation of the transmitted electromagnetic wave is realized, so that the electromagnetic wave radiated by the conformal antenna still presents the characteristic of plane wave. Finally, the conformal Fabry-Perot resonator antenna obtains the same high-gain radiation characteristics as the planar resonator antenna. The designed antenna achieves a maximum gain of 13.1dBic at 10 GHz. The size of the antenna is 2.9λ × 2.9λ, so the aperture efficiency is about 19.9 %. The antenna proposed in this paper overcomes the influence of conformal design on the gain of the antenna, so that it can be conformal on the surface of a cylindrical object and obtain better gain characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cubical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for fifth-generation applications","authors":"Nida Nasir ,&nbsp;Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin ,&nbsp;Nor Hidayu Shahadan ,&nbsp;Syed Muzahir Abbas ,&nbsp;Hamza Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive analysis of a wideband Cubical Dielectric Resonator Antenna is presented, specifically designed for 5G-NR wireless communication applications, focusing on the N257, and N258 frequency bands. This antenna exhibits symmetrical radiation patterns, a wider bandwidth, improved efficiency, and substantial gain characteristics. The design employs a low-loss substrate-integrated waveguide structure to enhance gain while reducing cross-polarization effects. This is accomplished through an innovative approach of establishing boundary conditions using copper wire stitching for vias, superseding the conventional soldering iron method, which guarantees minimal radiation leakage, compact dimensions, and reduced losses. The perforated dielectric resonator antenna possesses higher mode excitations, and implementing metallic strips on two resonator surfaces facilitates the simultaneous excitation of fundamental and higher-order modes, thereby yielding a broadband response. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 15.29 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 8.42 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 3.8 <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>mm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, which facilitates a measured impedance bandwidth of 8.2 GHz, spanning from 24.4 to 32.6 GHz (28.7%), accompanied by a high gain of 8.1 dBi and efficiency levels reaching up to 94%. The prototype is constructed utilizing the standard printed circuit board technique, and simulation outcomes are derived using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A composite microstrip line and leaky wave antenna structure with self-diplexing characteristic","authors":"Haoxuan Sheng,&nbsp;Quanyuan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel structure is proposed for the dual-band self-diplexing integration of microstrip line and leaky wave antenna (LWA). Through introducing a mode selective transmission line (MSTL) to the antenna, the autonomous transition between transmission modes at varying operating frequencies is thus achieved. At the high-frequency band, such proposed antenna in the quasi-TE₁₀ mode, the periodic slots, and patches are used as LWA. Meanwhile, at the low-frequency band, the baseband signal with quasi-TEM mode can be transmitted effectively. These experimental results demonstrate that this design strategy benefits the realization of transmission with an insertion loss of less than 3 dB below 5.5 GHz. Furthermore, this antenna enables continuous beam scanning of −1 space harmonics from 10.5 to 15.5 GHz, with a beam direction sweeping from −75° to + 54°. This study innovatively employs MSTL structure to solve the problem of radio frequency (RF) and baseband links operating independently in traditional communication systems. It provides a promising solution for multi-functional integrated applications in future wireless communications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wideband high-PSR OCL LDO using a gain-relaxed OTA featuring dynamic complex zeros frequency compensation","authors":"Ahmad M.K. Almonaier ,&nbsp;Adel Barakat ,&nbsp;Seham Abd-Elsamee ,&nbsp;Nihal F.F. Areed","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155537","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This article proposes an Output-Capacitor-Less (OCL) Low-Dropout (LDO) regulator with an assisted positive feedback loop technique, which mimics a negative resistance, along with a single common-gate stage. Conventional techniques utilize multistage high-gain OTA to achieve a high DC loop gain. However, such an OTA suffers from high power consumption and sophisticated frequency compensation mechanisms. Instead, the use of a single-stage relatively low-gain OTA helps to extend the bandwidth. Then, the overall DC loop gain is maximized by the proposal of a novel negative resistance circuit. To further improve the PSR, a bulk-driven ripple canceling path that is insensitive to process corners is proposed making the LDO suitable for high-PSR applications. Stability is another challenge in the design of OCL LDOs due to its associated complex poles. We propose a new frequency compensation technique by introducing two complex zeros to eliminate these complex poles. Hence, the overall stability is improved. Since these complex poles location vary from light to heavy loads, the proposed zeros dynamically change accordingly. Besides, this suggested mechanism has been analyzed using the generalized time-and-transfer constants (TTCs) circuit analysis technique. Under heavy load conditions, the suggested LDO has attained phase and gain margins of 62.8° and 29 dB, respectively. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations along with process and temperature variations have been investigated to prove the reliability of such a frequency compensation technique. The proposed LDO has been implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology node with a short pass transistor length of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;100&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;nm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The simulation results reveals that the LDO draws &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;299&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of quiescent current under light load conditions and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;296&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; under heavy load conditions (including the bandgap voltage reference). The suggested LDO functions at &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; supply voltage, delivers &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;93&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; output voltage and can handle a load current up to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mA&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; with load regulation of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;17&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V/mA&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, line regulation of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;22&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;mV/V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and PSR of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;48&lt;","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-layered optimized metamaterial antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for 5G mm-Wave applications","authors":"Ilias Tzouras,&nbsp;Stavros Koulouridis","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-layered high gain and wide bandwidth metamaterial antenna working at 29 GHz for mm-Wave applications is proposed in this paper. The metamaterial antenna has an overall compact size of 12.5 x 12.5 x 7.28 mm³. It is realized with a Rogers Duroid 5880 dielectric layer 0.78 mm thick used as substrate and a Rogers RO3010 dielectric layer 1.5 mm thick at distance 5 mm above the radiation element. The radiation element is composed of a square-cut-at-the-four-corners, patch antenna with probe pin feeding. In addition, for further antenna performance enhancement, negative refractive index printed metamaterials surround the patch antenna offering bandwidth and gain enhancement. Simulated results show a significantly wide bandwidth of 7.91 GHz ranging from 26.04 GHz to 33.95 GHz and a high peak realized gain of 12.2 dB. These features make the antenna a good candidate for 5G mm-Wave applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}