Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications最新文献_第5页

Isolation-enhanced dual band MIMO antenna with defective ground structure and stubs as a hybrid decoupling structure for next-generation sub-6 GHz uses 隔离增强双频MIMO天线，具有缺陷的接地结构和stub作为下一代sub-6 GHz应用的混合去耦结构

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156259

Vijaya Kumar Talluri, Lalit Kumar

{"title":"Isolation-enhanced dual band MIMO antenna with defective ground structure and stubs as a hybrid decoupling structure for next-generation sub-6 GHz uses","authors":"Vijaya Kumar Talluri, Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a two-element and four-element isolation-enhanced dual-band MIMO antenna operating at 5.03 GHz and 6.02 GHz. With an ultra-compact inter-element spacing of only <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>03</mn><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, mutual coupling becomes a major challenge. To address this issue, a hybrid decoupling (DC) structure integrating a defective ground structure (DGS) and a T-like shaped stub is proposed. This technique efficiently alters the surface current distribution, thereby suppressing mutual coupling and improving isolation. The two-element MIMO antenna with the proposed DC structure achieves an isolation (<span><math><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>21</mn></mrow></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></math></span>) of 31 dB at the lower band and 45 dB at the upper band, with a peak gain of 6 dBi over both frequencies. In the four-element configuration, a maximum isolation of 15 dB at 5.03 GHz and 20 dB at 6.02 GHz is obtained, with corresponding gains of 5.3 dBi and 6.5 dBi, respectively. ECC below 0.0037 and a diversity gain close to 10 dB indicate excellent diversity performance within the antenna’s 10-dB impedance bandwidths of 90 MHz (4.98–5.07 GHz) and 80 MHz (5.98–6.06 GHz).The novelty of this work lies in achieving ultra-compact element spacing combined with remarkably high isolation (up to 45 dB), very low ECC (0.0037), and high radiation efficiency (up to 90%). These benefits make the suggested antenna ideal for tiny sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN applications that need strong isolation and diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 156259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-wideband miniaturized Wilkinson power divider based on rectangular multi-section resonators with neural network-based enhancement 基于矩形多段谐振腔的超宽带小型化威尔金森功率分配器

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156220

Hesam Ghitasy Sarabi , Gholamreza Karimi , Milad Mohammadi , Derek Abbott

{"title":"Ultra-wideband miniaturized Wilkinson power divider based on rectangular multi-section resonators with neural network-based enhancement","authors":"Hesam Ghitasy Sarabi , Gholamreza Karimi , Milad Mohammadi , Derek Abbott","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel compact Wilkinson power divider (PD) with high fractional bandwidth (FBW) and excellent isolation is proposed, designed, and experimentally validated. The structure employs rectangular multi-section resonators, replacing conventional transmission lines, achieving a significant size reduction of over 76% compared to traditional designs. Additionally, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network algorithm is used to optimize performance, resulting in a very small mean relative error (MRE) and mean absolute error (MAE), indicating the design's optimality. The fabricated PD eliminates 16 unwanted harmonics with suppression levels below −20 dB across a wide frequency range of 1.15<img>2.5 GHz. Fabricated on an RT Duroid 5880 substrate, the measured results show excellent agreement with simulations, validating the design's reliability. Compared to existing Wilkinson power dividers, the proposed solution offers several key advantages: a 76% reduction in size, a FBW of 96%, and the suppression of harmonics up to the 16th order, which significantly enhances signal integrity. Additionally, the design's simplicity and efficiency ensure lower manufacturing costs, making it suitable for high-performance, cost-effective wireless communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 156220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RF voltage and current probe design with rectangular coaxial coupling structure and generalized circuit model used in real-time reflection measurement 采用矩形同轴耦合结构和用于实时反射测量的广义电路模型设计射频电压电流探头

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156224

Kun Wang , Jin Jiao , Cheng Zhou , Wei Shen , Lang Hu , Hongxin Zhao

{"title":"RF voltage and current probe design with rectangular coaxial coupling structure and generalized circuit model used in real-time reflection measurement","authors":"Kun Wang , Jin Jiao , Cheng Zhou , Wei Shen , Lang Hu , Hongxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel rectangular coaxial coupling structure (RCCS) and presents a generalized circuit model along with a holistic design methodology for high-power Voltage-Current (VI) probes. RCCS, as an alternative to the traditional circular coaxial coupling structure (CCCS), offers higher design flexibility, easier machinery and fairly high power capacity. The generalized circuit model illustrates the electromagnetic coupling between the VI probe and the transmission line under test, according to which the holistic design methodology of the VI probes is given. The sensitivity of the characteristic impedance versus lateral manufacture deviation of flat-shape RCCS is 0.328 Ω/mm, significantly lower than the 8.65 Ω/mm observed in CCCS, indicating enhanced fabrication tolerance. The power capacity of RCCS is also fairly good than CCCS, which is approximated to both structures with transverse sections of the same height. Leveraging this model and RCCS, a high-performance VI probe has been designed with an easily machinable structure and minimized insertion loss is achieved across full operating frequency band. Transmission loss as low as 0.0015 dB/cm is confirmed within DC-100 MHz frequency band by experiment with the designed VI Probe. The proposed RCCS-based VI probe provides a promising solution for real-time reflection monitoring in high-power RF systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 156224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral modeling of microwave components in constrained domains using recurrent neural networks with attention layers 基于关注层的递归神经网络约束域微波组件行为建模

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156193

Slawomir Koziel , Kaustab C. Sahu , Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska

{"title":"Behavioral modeling of microwave components in constrained domains using recurrent neural networks with attention layers","authors":"Slawomir Koziel , Kaustab C. Sahu , Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is commonly used in microwave engineering. Nonetheless, EM-driven design involves considerable expenses. Surrogate modeling may mitigate this issue; however, constructing reliable metamodels is demanding due to the curse of dimensionality and design utility requirements. This paper introduces a novel data-driven modeling methodology that integrates an attention mechanism into Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). The proposed surrogate enhances the representation of sequential dependencies across the frequency range in S-parameter estimation, treating frequency responses as time-series data. The projected LSTM and GRU layers reduce the dimensionality of the hidden states through a learned projection matrix, which reduces computational complexity and enhances the capacity of the model to capture long-term dependencies. Another enhancement is the attention mechanism, which dynamically assigns greater importance to critical frequency regions and enables the model to selectively highlight the most relevant components (e.g., corresponding to the circuit's center frequencies). The predictive power is further improved by sensitivity-based dimensionality reduction. Comprehensive verification showcases the competitive performance of our technique regarding predictive power as compared to multiple benchmark methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 156193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joint robust beamforming design for RIS-assisted ISAC systems with hardware impairments 具有硬件缺陷的ris辅助ISAC系统联合鲁棒波束形成设计

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156209

Xinyu Zhang , Lijuan Zhong , Shidang Li , Yanping Zhou , Jianbin Cao , Chunguo Li

{"title":"Joint robust beamforming design for RIS-assisted ISAC systems with hardware impairments","authors":"Xinyu Zhang , Lijuan Zhong , Shidang Li , Yanping Zhou , Jianbin Cao , Chunguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In practical wireless systems, transceiver hardware impairments (HWIs) introduce additional noise and nonlinear distortions, leading to degradation in physical layer security performance. In integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems, the transmitted waveform carrying communication information is susceptible to eavesdropping by sensing targets. To address this challenge, this paper investigates a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted ISAC system that accounts for hardware impairments at both the transmitter and receiver. To enhance physical layer security and reduce information leakage to unauthorized users, we propose the strategic injection of artificial noise (AN) under certain conditions to degrade the signal quality at potential eavesdroppers. Specifically, we formulate a joint optimization problem involving sensing beamforming, artificial noise design, and RIS reflection coefficients, aiming to maximize the achievable secrecy rate while satisfying constraints on total transmit power, minimum communication rate, minimum radar sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SINR), and unit-modulus reflection coefficients. To solve the resulting non-convex problem, we first perform an equivalent transformation and decouple it into two non-convex subproblems. We then apply successive convex approximation (SCA) and semidefinite relaxation (SDR) to approximate the subproblems as convex programs. Finally, an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is developed to efficiently solve the reformulated problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively mitigates the performance degradation caused by hardware impairments and achieves an optimal trade-off between interference shaping and privacy preservation, outperforming conventional schemes without AN, RIS, or hardware impairment considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 156209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An improved boolean differential evolution algorithm and its application in design of broadband terahertz absorber based on concentric graphene rings 一种改进的布尔差分进化算法及其在基于同心石墨烯环的宽带太赫兹吸收器设计中的应用

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156166

Xingning Jia , Ting Wen , Guoche Qin , Liao Ma , Siye Wu , Meng Wang

{"title":"An improved boolean differential evolution algorithm and its application in design of broadband terahertz absorber based on concentric graphene rings","authors":"Xingning Jia , Ting Wen , Guoche Qin , Liao Ma , Siye Wu , Meng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sandwich-type metamaterial absorber (MA) based on discretely patterned graphene has potential for broadband absorption in the terahertz (THz) region. In this paper, a broadband THz MA with concentric graphene rings is designed using an improved boolean differential evolutionary (IBDE) algorithm, which is based on three strategies for improvement, including the identification of the optimal control parameters using the Taguchi method, the Taguchi crossover operator, and a restarting strategy. The performance of the IBDE has been validated against 23 benchmark functions, demonstrating impressive capabilities in both convergence speed and local search. The designed MA, which is backed by a thin film of vanadium dioxide, has the ability to switch between functioning as an absorber and acting as a transparent insulating dielectric. Moreover, the equivalent conductivity of the patterned graphene is also derived to establish the equivalent circuit model of the designed MA. The proposed IBDE shows promise for designing high-dimensional discrete graphene patterns aimed at broadband absorption applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 156166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadband DOA estimation with KL divergence for covariance matrix reconstruction 基于KL散度的协方差矩阵重构宽带DOA估计

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156213

Shuaishuai Pan, Zhiyong Luo

{"title":"Broadband DOA estimation with KL divergence for covariance matrix reconstruction","authors":"Shuaishuai Pan, Zhiyong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation has been applied in satellite applications. However, the growing demand for data volume has driven the gradual expansion of signal bandwidth, making broadband DOA estimation a critical challenge. Existing subspace-based DOA estimation algorithms usually exhibit weak performance and require prior information about the number of signals, limiting their practical applications. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel broadband DOA estimation method based on covariance matrix reconstruction. First, focusing processing is applied to sampled data at different frequency points, and Eigenvalue Decomposition (EVD) is performed after obtaining the sample covariance matrix (SCM). Subsequently, a new clustering technique is developed by combining Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Markov Random Field (MRF) theory to classify eigenvalues into signal and noise classes, thereby determining the number of signals. Then, a metric based on Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is constructed to measure subspace similarity and reconstruct the covariance matrix. Finally, DOA estimation is conducted using the reconstructed covariance matrix. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform other methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 156213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new low-power electronically tunable MOS-C synthetic transformer with application in double-tuned band-pass filter 一种应用于双调谐带通滤波器的新型低功耗电子可调谐MOS-C合成变压器

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156190

Ruchita Gupta, Bhawna Aggarwal, Maneesha Gupta

{"title":"A new low-power electronically tunable MOS-C synthetic transformer with application in double-tuned band-pass filter","authors":"Ruchita Gupta, Bhawna Aggarwal, Maneesha Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a new synthetic transformer architecture is proposed using MOS-C-based gyrator configuration that emulates magnetic transformer behavior through active components. This proposed design integrates grounded and floating synthetic inductors realized using MOS-based gyrator, connected in a T-network configuration for compactness, electronic tunability and CMOS compatibility. Analytical modeling confirms the inductance equivalency, transformer functionality, and coupling coefficient formulation. The proposed design employs all grounded passive elements. Simulations using Cadence Virtuoso in 180 nm gpdk CMOS technology with BSIM3v3 transistor model validates the design, demonstrating low-voltage operation (<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>0.7 V), low power consumption (1.746 mW), and operates up to 40 MHz. Furthermore, the synthetic transformer is applied in a double-tuned band-pass filter (DTBPF) circuit to assess real world viability. Performance metrics such as gain, phase, transient, and noise response are analyzed. The double-tuned band-pass filter exhibits an output RMS noise of 146.7 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>V. Additionally, the coupling coefficient exhibits a wide tunable range from 0.32 to 0.93, highlighting strong electronic controllability. The sturdiness of the design has been verified by PVT variations, and Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed synthetic transformer offers miniaturization, electronically tunable, low power consumption and minimized silicon area (<span><math><mrow><mn>53</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>02</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> X <span><math><mrow><mn>65</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>86</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>), making it suitable for system-on-a-chip applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 156190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-Interference wireless communication using backscatter and deep learning: modeling, detection, and evaluation 使用反向散射和深度学习的抗干扰无线通信：建模，检测和评估

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156138

Hossein Eshaghi, Hamid Reza Khodadadi, Hamed Ahmadian Yazdi

{"title":"Anti-Interference wireless communication using backscatter and deep learning: modeling, detection, and evaluation","authors":"Hossein Eshaghi, Hamid Reza Khodadadi, Hamed Ahmadian Yazdi","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wireless communications, aimed at facilitating the transmission and reception of information, play an essential role in many fields. However, due to the broadcasting nature of such communications, current wireless networks are highly vulnerable to interference signals. In contrast to state-of-the-art techniques, we employ a hybrid ambient backscatter communication and CNN-LSTM based detector to handle interference effectively. Unlike the usual methods that consider interference signal as destructive interference, the proposed method uses the signal interference opportunistically as the carrier for data transmission. Conventional backscatter communication passively reflects ambient RF signals, whereas the proposed transceiver actively re-modulates the interference signal by applying varying amplification factors through a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). However, the requirement for accurate channel state information (CSI) and prior knowledge of the interference signal distribution can lead to elevated bit error rates (BER) in anti-interference systems, especially under dynamic or unpredictable channel conditions. Therefore, a deep learning network was employed, in which the CNN layers extract features from the relationships between adjacent measured values, and the LSTM network learns long-term dependencies within the input data. The proposed detector can dynamically adapt to any channel and noise distribution. We analyze the effects of various parameters on the performance of the anti-interference system, such as the interfering power, the Relative Channel Difference (RCD), and the number of antennas. The simulation results show that higher interfering power can achieve better BER at the receiver.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 156138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A parallel Class-E power amplifier with doubly-tuned transformer-based load network and high-efficiency cascode in 110-nm CMOS 基于双调谐变压器负载网络和110纳米CMOS高效级联码的并联e类功率放大器

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156117

Kai Yue, Zemeng Huang, Yubing Li, Yujia Chen, Tao Tan, Tao He, Yu Wang, Peng Ke, Xiuping Li

{"title":"A parallel Class-E power amplifier with doubly-tuned transformer-based load network and high-efficiency cascode in 110-nm CMOS","authors":"Kai Yue, Zemeng Huang, Yubing Li, Yujia Chen, Tao Tan, Tao He, Yu Wang, Peng Ke, Xiuping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a doubly tuned (DT) transformer-based parallel Class-E power amplifier (PA). A compact parallel Class-E load network consisting of only one DT transformer and a pair of capacitors is proposed to enhance output power and efficiency. Compared with the traditional DT transformer-based series Class-E load, the proposed DT transformer-based parallel Class-E load can further mitigate the constraints placed on device size and reduce the impedance transformation ratio of the load. Besides, a cascode structure with neutralization and charging acceleration capacitor (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>X</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) is used as active core to enhance gain and efficiency. The gain and stability of the active core are quantitatively analyzed based on the transistor small-signal model, and it can be concluded that the gain of the active core exhibits an increasing trend with the growth of <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>X</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> while ensuring stability. As a proof of the design, a 12 GHz Class-E PA is fabricated using 110-nm CMOS process. The measurement results show that the proposed PA realizes a peak power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 30.9%, a maximum saturated output power (P<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>sat</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>) of 18.2 dBm and a peak gain of 19.0 dB. The core area of the circuit is only 990 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m <span><math><mrow><mi>×</mi><mn>260</mn><mspace></mspace><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 156117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0