American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics最新文献

{"title":"Profile line accuracy in cephalometric radiographs.","authors":"Marie-Laure Arn, Jasmina Opacic, Georgios Kanavakis, Demetrios Halazonetis, Nikolaos Gkantidis","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the accuracy of facial soft-tissue profile lines in lateral cephalometric radiographs by comparing them to true profile lines derived from 3-dimensional photographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective methodological study was performed on preexisting records of 100 orthodontic patients. The true profiles were obtained by defining the true midsagittal plane through best-fit approximation of mirrored 3-dimensional surface models. Two curves were drawn on each profile image, and landmarks and sliding semilandmarks were placed on them. This resulted in 2 profile landmark configurations per patient, which were superimposed using Procrustes superimposition. The Procrustes distances between corresponding landmarks were used as a metric to assess the accuracy of the cephalometric profile line, as compared with the true reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, there were small statistically significant differences between the cephalometric and the actual profile lines (100,000 permutations; P = 0.031; median interlandmark distance, 0.84 mm). However, when assessing individual patients, the cephalometric profile line deviated significantly from the true profile, with 40% of the distances between corresponding landmarks being >1 mm and 10% being >2 mm. There were no differences between the sexes or between younger and older patients (aged 8.0-12.5 vs 12.5-55.0 years). However, there were small differences between 2 x-ray devices (median, 0.18 mm; P <0.001), which often exceeded 1 mm at the soft-tissue nasion area, probably because of the cephalostat.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>On average, the lateral cephalometric radiographs might provide an adequate representation of the facial profile, but when individual patients are considered, there is often a clinically significant error. Thus, lateral cephalograms should be used with caution to evaluate the facial soft-tissue profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomographic assessment of orbital and maxillary dysmorphology in craniofacial microsomia.","authors":"Sarbin Ranjitkar, Jenny Tan, Livana Hamad, Suzanne Edwards, Mustafa Mian, Sarah Constantine, Craig Dreyer, Peter J Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mandibular dysmorphology is well-documented in craniofacial microsomia (CFM), but data on midface abnormalities remain limited. This study aimed to compare orbital and maxillary dimensions between the affected and unaffected sides in patients with CFM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in South Australia comprised 31 patients with CFM and 31 age- and sex-matched control patients (median age 13.2 years; range 0.3-48.4 years; 80.6% children and 19.4% adults; 51.6% males and 48.4% females). Computed tomography reconstructions were assessed bilaterally for 4 orbital and 6 maxillary dimensions in mild, moderate, and severe subgroups, as well as in the control group. Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age and sex, were performed to assess whether there were significant differences in the measured dimensions between the sides and groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Midface asymmetries in patients with CFM were generally commensurate with their severity. In moderate CFM, the affected side showed hypoplastic orbits and maxillae compared with the unaffected side (orbital height: -4.9%; P = 0.018; maxillary middle height: -10.3%; P <0.001). In severe CFM, the reduced maxillary middle height on the affected side (-18.5%; P <0.001) was compensated by increases in the orbital height (+7.0%) and maxillary depth (+6.8%; P = 0.014) (all data adjusted for covariates).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CFM is a bilateral condition characterized by orbital and maxillary asymmetries, primarily because of hypoplasia but occasionally involving hyperplasia on the affected side. In severe CFM, compensatory increases in maxillary depth and orbital height often offset midmaxillary height deficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal study of intermaxillary and intraarch relationships from mixed to permanent dentition: A 4-year follow-up.","authors":"Diego Patrik Alves Carneiro, Caroline Nogueira Moraes, Carolina Carmo de Menezes, Marcelo de Castro Meneghim, Silvia A S Vedovello","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This longitudinal study assessed the intermaxillary and intraarch relationships from mixed to permanent dentitions during a 4-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 352 children evaluated for crowding, midline maxillary diastema, anterior spacing, overjet, overbite, and sagittal and transverse relationships in mixed (T1) and permanent (T2) dentition. Data between different time points were compared using McNemar and Bowker symmetry tests, with a significance level of 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 352 children evaluated over a 4-year follow-up period, significant changes were observed in the intraarch and intermaxillary relationships from T1 to T2. The intraarch relationship showed significant decreases in crowding (61.3%), maxillary midline diastema (74.3%), and anterior spacing (82.2%) (P <0.0001). Regarding the intermaxillary relationship, statistically significant changes were observed in the overjet (P = 0.003), overbite (P = 0.004), and anteroposterior (P <0.0001) and transverse relationships (P <0.0001). In addition, 43.1% of children had increased overjet at T1 and normal overjet at T2, 29.3% of children with a Class II relationship at T1 and Class I relationship at T2, 70.5% of children with posterior crossbite and normal transverse relationship at T2, and 73.9% of children with anterior open bite and normal overbite at T1 and average overbite at T2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant favorable changes in intraarch relationships were observed during the transition from mixed to permanent dentition. Children also show changes in intermaxillary relationships, with a potential improvement in occlusion of the permanent dentition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of planned and achieved root angulation changes in teeth adjacent to mandibular premolar extraction sites in patients treated with Invisalign: A retrospective study.","authors":"Abirami Thilagalavanian, Tony Weir, Maurice J Meade","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) in achieving planned root angulation of molars, premolars, and canines adjacent to mandibular premolar extraction sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Digital models of adult patients treated with Invisalign aligners and extraction of at least 1 mandibular first (L4) or second (L5) premolar between 2013 and 2019 were evaluated after import into the Geomagic Control X (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC) metrology platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one patients, comprising 30 L4 and 25 L5 extractions, were assessed. The accuracy of the planned root angular changes ranged from -119.05% to 162.75%. Similar patterns of expression were observed across the L4 and L5 extraction sites. When root tipping away from the extraction site was planned, the overexpression of root movement was likely in the canines and first molars. Underexpression of planned root angulation change was likely in the premolar adjacent to the L4 extraction site, whereas overexpression was more common in a premolar adjacent to a L5 extraction site. No differences in root angulation outcomes related to patient sex, number of prescribed aligners, or attachment type (P >0.05) were observed. A 2-week wear protocol resulted in a significant (P = 0.005) shortfall of 4.52° of root angulation compared with the 1-week wear protocol when crown tipping away from the L5 extraction sites was planned.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The root angulation changes in teeth near the mandibular premolar extraction sites did not match those planned. The use of optimized attachments appeared not to improve root angulation outcomes compared with conventional attachments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of traditional Chinese medicine pyritum on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.","authors":"Zhuoying Zhang, Jingwei Wang, Chuanqi Hua, Yanpeng Zhang, Wanyu Xi, Ruofang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pyritum on tooth movement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty 9-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group, tooth movement + saline (TM+S) group, and tooth movement + pyritum (TM+P) group. The OTM model was established in both the TM+S group and the TM+P group. TM+P group received a local injection of pyritum decoction, whereas the other 2 groups received normal saline. Tooth movement distance was measured after 7 and 14 days. Histologic stains included hematoxylin and eosin staining for tissue morphology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining for osteoclasts, and immunohistochemistry for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), runt-related protein 2, and 5-bromo-2'-dexoyuridine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At day 14, local injection of pyritum significantly (P <0.05) slowed down tooth movement, with the number of osteoclasts in the TM+P group significantly (P <0.05) reduced than that in the TM+S group. Runt-related protein 2 demonstrated higher expression in the TM+P group than in the TM+S group on both pressure and tension sides (P <0.05). The number of 5-bromo-2'-dexoyuridine-positive cells on the tension side in the TM+P group was significantly (P <0.05) higher than that in the TM+S group. RANKL expression on the pressure side in the TM+P group was significantly (P <0.05) lower than that in the TM+S group, whereas OPG expression exhibited an opposite trend. On days 7 and 14, the RANKL/OPG ratio in the TM+P group was significantly (P <0.05) lower than that in the TM+S group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study indicated that pyritum was capable of slowing down the speed of tooth movement while potentially promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infraoccluded first permanent molars and their association with facial and skeletal development.","authors":"Zehava Geller Fishman, Avi Leibovich, Heli Rushinek, Roberta Lione, Paola Cozza, Adrian Becker, Stella Chaushu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Permanent molar infraocclusion, usually caused by ankylosis, has been scarcely studied. Unilateral first molar infraocclusion (UFMI) restricts alveolar bone development locally, leading to asymmetrical dental arches and occlusion. This study investigates whether its effect extends beyond dental structures to affect facial and skeletal asymmetries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutively recruited patients with UFMI in comparison with age- and gender-matched controls. The percentage of patients with occlusal cant (OC), chin deviation (CD), and the mean vertical asymmetry index (VAI), rami length difference ratios (RLD), and condyle length difference ratios were evaluated. For clinical significance, the percentage of patients with VAI and RLD values >3% was compared. The effect of age and jaw were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The UFMI group consisted of 29 patients, 16 males and 13 females, mean age of 13.4 ± 3.8 years. Patients with UFMI displayed significantly more CD and OC and higher VAI and RLD ratios vs the controls (59.0% vs 14.0%, 38.0% vs 7.0%, 3.2% vs 1.0%, and 4.0% vs 2.0%, respectively). VAI >3% was found in 34.5% of patients with UFMI and none of the controls (P <0.001). RLD ratios >3% were found in 51.7% of UFMI vs 24% controls (P = 0.030). CD and OC prevalence significantly increased with age in the UFMI group. Maxillary UFMI influenced more than mandibular UFMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UFMI is linked to significant facial and skeletal asymmetry, particularly in older age groups. These findings highlight the potential relevance of early diagnosis and intervention to mitigate potential long-term influence on facial growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and adherence of different mandibular advancement devices designs in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yanlong Chen, Jingjing Zhang, Xuemei Gao, Fernanda R Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adherence of different mandibular advancement devices (MADs) designed to treat obstructive sleep apnea, focusing on titratable vs nontitratable and custom-made vs ready-made devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Registered with the International Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO CRD42024557402), a comprehensive literature search was conducted across Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science up to June 2024. Randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies comparing MAD designs were included. The primary outcome was apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) reduction. Secondary outcomes included improvements in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, adherence rates, and patient preference. The risk of bias was assessed using the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, and the Risk-Of-Bias In Nonrandomized Studies of Intervention tools. Meta-analyses were performed with weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 studies were included, comprising 15 randomized controlled trials and 7 nonrandomized studies. Meta-analysis showed significant AHI reduction with both titratable and nontitratable MADs, with no significant difference between groups (WMD: 1.16; 95% CI, -1.29 to 3.61; P = 0.35). Custom-made MADs demonstrated a marginally significantly greater reduction in AHI compared with ready-made MADs (WMD: 1.51; 95% CI, -0.08 to 3.11; P = 0.06). Custom-made MADs also showed higher adherence rates and longer wearing times (WMD: 1.19; 95% CI, 0.65-1.73; P <0.0001) and higher adherence rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both titratable and nontitratable MADs, as well as custom-made and ready-made MADs, effectively treated obstructive sleep apnea, with no clear preference for one design over another. Custom-made MADs, however, generally had fewer side effects and offered potential adherence advantages. Further high-quality studies with longer follow-ups are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mouth breathing and orthodontic intervention: Does the evidence support keeping our mouths shut?","authors":"Sanjivan Kandasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is believed that mouth breathing, particularly during early childhood, is associated with the development of various unfavorable craniofacial characteristics such as mandibular retrognathia, narrow high arch palates and alar bases, lip incompetence, increased vertical facial height, and mandibular plane angles. Today, there is significant debate and confusion pertaining to the role of orthodontists in identifying and managing mouth breathing, especially for young patients as early as 3 years old. Using the historical and contemporary evidence-based literature along with an ethical and pragmatic clinical perspective, the role of mouth breathing and early orthodontic intervention is put into perspective in this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-assisted identification and assessment of mandibular asymmetry on panoramic radiography.","authors":"Wanting Qu, Zelin Qiu, Kwong Chuen Lam, Koshla Guna Sakaran, Hao Chen, Yifan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mandibular symmetry is crucial in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to establish an artificial intelligence (AI) method to automatically and accurately identify mandibular landmarks and assess asymmetry via orthopantomography (OPG) radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1038 OPG radiographs (451 mixed and 587 permanent dentitions) were collected and annotated to develop the AI model for identifying mandibular landmarks. First, the mesiodistal widths of the bilateral mandibular first molars were compared to categorize images as horizontally distorted or nondistorted. Next, the efficacy and robustness of the model were assessed through landmark identification, measurement, and asymmetry diagnostics accuracy using successful detection rates and interclass correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AI model achieved an average landmark detection error of 0.86 ± 0.95 mm, with 0.97 ± 0.99 mm for bony landmarks and 0.54 ± 0.84 mm for dental landmarks. The successful detection rates at 1, 2, and 3 mm were 75.33%, 93.11%, and 96.72%, respectively. The accuracy exhibits region-specific variations: vertical errors were larger in condylar landmarks, whereas horizontal errors were more pronounced in the mandibular gonial angle (P <0.05). The AI and manual methods show high consistency in all measurements (interclass correlation coefficient >0.983). Condyle landmarks were more accurate in permanent dentition, whereas mandibular angle landmarks were more precise in mixed dentition (P <0.05). Furthermore, the model achieved 82.52% and 75.24% diagnostic accuracy when using gonial angle and total ramal height.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AI model accurately identifies anatomic landmarks and assesses mandibular asymmetry in OPG radiographs, demonstrating generalizability and robustness across different dentitions and showcasing potential as a promising diagnostic tool in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence for dental and occlusal parameters using standardized clinical photographs.","authors":"Matthew Vaughan, Samer Mheissen, Martyn Cobourne, Farooq Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>SmileMate (SmileMate, Dental Monitoring SAS, Paris, France) is an artificial intelligence (AI)-based Web site that uses intraoral photographs to assess patients' dental and orthodontic parameters and provide a report. This study aimed to investigate the ability of an AI assessment tool (SmileMate) for orthodontic and dental parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A United Kingdom-based prospective clinical study enrolled 35 participants in the study. The participants' occlusal and dental parameters were assessed, and standardized orthodontic photographs were taken and uploaded to the SmileMate Web site to produce an AI-generated assessment. A total of 19 parameters were evaluated: 9 orthodontic parameters and 10 dental parameters covering both soft and hard tissues. A crosstabulation for AI and clinician assessments was reported using Fisher exact tests. Cohen's kappa was calculated to provide an agreement between the gold standard (clinician assessment) and SmileMate (AI assessment). Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences between a direct in-person assessment and the SmileMate AI assessment were noted across 9 of the 19 parameters (P <0.05, Fisher exact test). The overall kappa value was fair (0.29), with a variety of agreements between AI and clinician assessments; the level of agreement ranged from poor in 2 parameters (lateral open bite and teeth fracture) to almost perfect for missing and retained teeth. The level of agreement ranged from slight to moderate for the other variables in this study. The overall sensitivity of the AI-generated assessments was 72%, and the specificity was 54%. The specificity of AI was very low for gingivitis and oral hygiene, indicating a very high probability of false-positive findings for those parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall agreement between SmileMate and the clinician's assessment was slight to moderate. AI-generated assessments are inadequate for evaluating malocclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}