American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics最新文献

{"title":"Color matching between orthodontic attachments and tooth structure using monoshade composites: An instrumental analysis.","authors":"João Arthur Dumke, Maria Eduarda Maldonado Silva, Laísa Hoffmann John, Leandro Berni Osório, Mariana Marquezan, Letícia Brandão Durand","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monoshade resin composites were developed to simplify restorative procedures by eliminating the need for shade selection. Although their performance in the restoration of cavities is well established, their effectiveness in color matching when used for the fabrication of orthodontic attachments remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty extracted human molars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): Omnichroma (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan), Vittra Unique (FGM, Joinville, Brazil), Charisma Diamond ONE (Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany), and Vittra APS Trans-N (FGM) (control). Standardized attachments were fabricated using silicone molds, and color was assessed via standardized digital photography. After white balance correction, CIEL∗a∗b∗ color coordinates were measured for both the resin and adjacent enamel in 3 regions (cervical, middle, and occlusal). Color differences were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula (ΔE₀₀).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Color differences presented statistically significant differences among the tested regions for all composite resins (P <0.001). In the occlusal region, ΔE₀₀ values were within acceptable or moderately unacceptable thresholds. In the cervical region, all materials showed clearly or extremely unacceptable ΔE₀₀ values. In the middle third, statistically significant differences were found among the resin composites for ΔE₀₀ (P <0.001), ΔL∗ (P = 0.002), Δa∗ (P <0.001), and Δb∗(P <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Color matching of orthodontic attachments fabricated with monoshade composites varied according to the resin composite used and the anatomic region. The occlusal region demonstrated improved color match, whereas the cervical region showed reduced color compatibility between the attachment and the tooth structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of orthodontic treatment on face and smile attractiveness: A cross-sectional study of longitudinal data.","authors":"Gabriella Coppola, Carlalberta Verna, Ambrosina Michelotti, Nikolaos Gkantidis, Georgios Kanavakis","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although esthetic concerns are a primary motivation for seeking orthodontic treatment, few studies with strong protocols have evaluated its impact on facial and smile attractiveness as perceived by laypeople. This study aimed to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on facial and smile attractiveness compared with pretreatment and untreated controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 37 adults (aged 21-35 years): 29 treated and 8 untreated controls. A total of 132 photographs (full-face smiles and close-up smiles) were collected at pretreatment and posttreatment for treated patients and once for controls. Laypeople (n = 297) rated the images using a visual analog scale (VAS). The association between orthodontic treatment and attractiveness was analyzed through univariate regression models; confounders were controlled via analysis of covariance. Comparisons between study and control groups were performed using t tests. The effect of evaluators' demographics on attractiveness was tested using multivariate regression models. The association of the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need with pretreatment attractiveness was explored with Spearman correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Orthodontic treatment had a significant effect on facial and smile attractiveness, with VAS scores improving by 15.6% (P <0.001) and 24.3% (P <0.001), respectively. Posttreatment ratings were higher than those of untreated controls (P_face = 0.029; P_smile = 0.010), with no significant differences at baseline. Higher Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need scores correlated with lower initial VAS ratings (r = 0.67; P <0.001). Age and treatment duration had no significant effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Orthodontic treatment improves facial and smile attractiveness as perceived by laypeople. These findings support its esthetic benefits and can enhance patient communication and treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of temporary skeletal anchorage device-assisted maxillary molar distalization between clear aligners and fixed appliances: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study.","authors":"Linwei Li, Runzhi Guo, Yiping Huang, Yilin Jia, Weiran Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies compare the efficacy of clear aligner therapy (CAT) vs fixed appliance therapy (FAT) for maxillary molar distalization. Therefore, this study evaluated temporary skeletal anchorage device-assisted outcomes of both modalities using cone-beam computed tomography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 32 patients (16 patients with CAT and 16 patients with FAT) to assess tooth movement, dental arch, as well as morphologic changes in the dental arch and alveolar bone after temporary skeletal anchorage device-assisted maxillary molar distalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maxillary first molar distalization efficacy was significantly higher in the FAT group (88.49%; achieved = 1.97; predicted = 2.31 mm) than in the CAT group (37.97%; achieved = 0.94; predicted = 2.62 mm). However, the achieved incisor retraction showed no significant intergroup difference (P = 0.270). The additional space for anterior retraction in the CAT group was likely facilitated by interproximal reduction, insufficient incisor inclination, a flattened sagittal occlusal curve, and altered arch morphology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fixed appliances were significantly more effective for maxillary molar distalization compared with clear aligners. To compensate for this limitation, CAT relies on alternative mechanisms to create additional space. Therefore, enhanced anchorage control is crucial in CAT to optimize treatment outcomes and minimize periodontal risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in anterior tooth morphology and alignment based on alveolar cleft position.","authors":"Qianyao Yu, Shiyi Wang, Siying Zheng, Kunyao Guo, Xinlei Yu, Weiran Li, Yiping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different alveolar cleft positions may influence dental morphology and alignment. The study aimed to summarize the morphology and alignment patterns of maxillary anterior teeth based on the alveolar cleft position and provide a scientific basis for phenotype-specific treatment strategies and prognostic assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 108 patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate with permanent dentition. In total, 76 patients were in the mesial cleft (MC) group, with the cleft positioned mesial to the lateral incisor, and 32 patients were in the distal cleft (DC) group, with the cleft positioned distal to the lateral incisor. The morphology and alignment of maxillary anterior teeth were measured in cone-beam computed tomography and orthopantomograms. Variables were compared within and between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The occurrence ratio of MC to DC was 2.33:1 in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft-side central incisors in the MC group demonstrated more pronounced retroclination (P = 0.008, q = 0.020) and distal crown inclination (P = 0.011, q = 0.024), along with more severe disruption of eruption (P = 0.004, q = 0.011). Cleft-side lateral incisors exhibited smaller crown width in the MC group (P <0.001, q = 0.004) and smaller root/crown ratio in the DC group (P = 0.004, q = 0.011). The torque and inclination of lateral incisors showed opposing orientations (P <0.001, q = 0.004), leading to a convergence tendency of cleft-adjacent teeth toward the cleft in the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The alveolar cleft position significantly influences the morphology and alignment of anterior teeth. Compared with MCs, DCs are associated with a better prognosis for lateral incisor crown morphology and central incisor alignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of vertical dimension changes with clear aligners and fixed appliances: A prospective cephalometric cohort study.","authors":"Lidia Galán-López, Clara Guinot-Barona, Iciar Sanz-Orrio Soler, Raquel Laparra-Hernández, Esther Garcia-Miralles, Juan Ignacio Aura-Tormos","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The control of vertical dimension remains a critical aspect of comprehensive orthodontic treatment. This study compared vertical dimensional changes produced by clear aligners (CAs) to those produced by fixed appliances (FAs) during comprehensive orthodontic treatment, assessing whether modern aligner therapy provides comparable vertical control with conventional mechanics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort of 52 adults (CA group: 26 and FA group: 26) was evaluated. Baseline comparability was confirmed for age, sex, malocclusion type, and skeletal pattern. Standardized lateral cephalograms were obtained before (T₀) and after treatment (T₁). Cephalometric variables included the SN-GoGn (mandibular plane angle), FMA (Frankfort-mandibular plane angle), N-Me (total anterior facial height), S-Go (posterior facial height), and ANS-Me (lower anterior facial height). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability exceeded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90. Paired and intergroup comparisons were performed (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups exhibited small increases in vertical parameters within physiological limits. In the CA group, the SN-GoGn angle showed a statistically significant but clinically minor increase (<1°; P = 0.016). The FA group presented slightly greater increases in SN-GoGn and plane angle FMA (P <0.05), consistent with mild clockwise mandibular rotation. Linear measurements (N-Me, ANS-Me, and S-Go) increased slightly in both groups. Intergroup comparisons (ΔT₁-T₀) revealed no statistically significant differences in any variable (P >0.05), and effect sizes were small (Cohen d <0.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vertical dimensional changes associated with CA and FA treatments were minimal and comparable. Under current protocols, CAs provide adequate vertical control in mild-to-moderate malocclusions without inducing clinically relevant mandibular rotation. Further randomized and 3-dimensional studies are warranted to confirm these findings in more complex vertical discrepancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized 3-dimensional-printed titanium plate bone-anchored maxillary protraction and 3-dimensional mandibular remodeling in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion: A retrospective limited-sample study.","authors":"Shukui Xu, Linna Wang, Weiwei Chang, Peter Ngan, Yang Liu, Wensheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.01.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study presents an assessment of the 3-dimensional (3D) morphologic and volumetric changes in the mandible and condyle after the use of a novel intraoral bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) device, specifically personalized with 3D-printed titanium plates, in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Through the integration of a medical-industrial collaborative approach in the design and fabrication of patient-specific implants, the aim of this research is to establish an innovative treatment model that enhances the efficacy and precision of orthopedic interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 33 patients aged 11-13 years who were divided into a treatment group (TG; n = 15) that received BAMP and an untreated control group (CG; n = 18). Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were analyzed via MIMICS software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium: http://biomedical.materialise.com/mimics) for 3D reconstruction and morphometric evaluation of the condylar volume, surface area, diameter, mandibular ramus dimensions, and axial angle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TG exhibited a significant reduction in condylar anteroposterior diameter (0.16 ± 0.09 mm compared with 1.86 ± 1.05 mm in the CG; P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1574-0.1654 mm) and a significant increase in condylar mediolateral diameter (2.02 ± 1.06 mm compared with 0.64 ± 1.08 mm in the CG; P = 0.001; 95% CI = 1.6214-2.7692 mm). The increase in condylar surface area in the TG was smaller than that in the CG (70.51 ± 88.30 mm² compared with 196.83 ± 259.50 mm² in the CG; P = 0.042; 95% CI = -390.2642 to 2937.8041 mm²). In addition, there was a notable decrease in the mandibular axial angle within the TG (-3.61° ± 3.25° compared with 0.19° ± 1.84° in the CG; P = 0.001; 95% CI = -5.1079° to 0.1478°). No statistically significant differences were observed in the variations of condylar volume (P = 0.182), condylar height (P = 0.627), mandibular ramus volume (P = 0.301), and mandibular ramus height (P = 0.611).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BAMP facilitated the directional remodeling of condylar growth and mandibular morphology, promoting mediolateral expansion and counterclockwise rotation. These findings indicate the potential of BAMP to influence the progression of skeletal Class III malocclusion. However, several limitations exist: the technology is still in clinical trials, limiting its scope, sample size, and follow-up duration for assessing long-term outcomes. The impact on long-term mandibular growth is unclear. Larger studies with longer follow-ups and multicenter efforts are needed to determine BAMP's long-term efficacy and clinical limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver phosphate as an antimicrobial and remineralizing agent in orthodontic resins.","authors":"Bianca Perli Koff, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares, Camila Cristina de Foggi, Gabriela de Souza Balbinot","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.01.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high incidence of white spot lesions among orthodontic patients highlights the need for strategies to prevent mineral loss in high-risk areas. Silver phosphate (Ag₃PO₄) nanoparticles offer multifunctional potential by inhibiting biofilm formation and increasing phosphate availability. This study aimed to develop an orthodontic resin with the addition of Ag₃PO₄ and evaluate its physicochemical and biological properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ag₃PO₄ nanoparticles were synthesized through coprecipitation and characterized. The particles were incorporated into orthodontic resins at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%. Physicochemical and biological properties were assessed with polymerization kinetics, microhardness, cytotoxicity, shear bond strength, antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, and mineral deposition over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ag₃PO₄ reduced bacterial biofilm and enhanced mineral deposition. The G_1% showed significant antibacterial activity immediately after application, whereas the G_2% maintained effectiveness after 6 months. Microhardness values remained stable, although a higher concentration slightly decreased bond strength. No cytotoxicity was observed at any concentration, and phosphate deposition was detected with higher intensity on the surface of specimens that were loaded with higher concentrations of Ag₃PO_4. CONCLUSIONS: Ag₃PO₄ particles were successfully produced and incorporated into orthodontic resins, with the 1 wt% concentration maintaining the resin's physical properties and bonding ability without cytotoxic effect. The addition of Ag₃PO₄ promoted the antimicrobial effect and phosphate deposition, supporting a multifunctional strategy to control biofilm formation and promote phosphate deposition around orthodontic appliances.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pharyngeal airway volume, soft-tissue changes, and risk of obstructive sleep apnea after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography and the STOP-BANG questionnaire: A long-term study.","authors":"Seyedeh Zahra Hashemi, Azadeh Torkzadeh, Roshanak Ghaffari, Hasan Momeni, Seyed Sasan Aryanezhad, S Marjan Arianezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bimaxillary surgery is increasingly used for Class III malocclusion, but concerns about potential airway narrowing and its role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of bimaxillary surgery on the upper airway and soft tissues and the risk of OSA development in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the STOP-BANG (snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, and gender) questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective descriptive-analytical study, 50 female patients with Class III malocclusion were treated with LeFort I advancement and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. They all scored 0-2 on the STOP-BANG questionnaire. CBCTs were performed preoperatively and 5 years postoperatively with standardized head and neck positioning. They filled out the questionnaire in the follow-up. Confounding factors were minimized as much as possible. CBCTs were evaluated using OnDemand 3D software (version 10.0.1; Cybermed, Seoul, South Korea). Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t test, Pearson correlation, and chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the long-term, bimaxillary surgery statistically significantly increased the nasopharyngeal volume by 14.06% (P = 0.015) and decreased hypopharyngeal and upper airway volumes by 20.13% (P <0.001) and 7.71% (P = 0.015), respectively. Although there was a decrease in the oropharynx and the position of the soft palate, the changes were not statistically significant. The tongue moved backward (P = 0.005). No significant differences in STOP-BANG scores were observed (P >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although bimaxillary surgery with the studied method significantly alters airway volume parameters, it may not increase the risk of OSA in healthy individuals. Our results can aid orthodontists and surgeons in selecting the proper treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano- and microscale evaluation of human enamel after different debonding methods.","authors":"TianYou Wu, Mauro Farella, Guangzhao Guan, Richard David Cannon, Li Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous debonding methods are used in clinical practice to remove orthodontic brackets; it remains unclear, however, whether the most commonly used method is also the most appropriate. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of 6 commonly used debonding methods on enamel surface roughness, enamel volume loss, enamel color change, and debonding time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metal brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of 60 extracted teeth and then removed using debonding pliers. The teeth were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 10), with each group undergoing adhesive removal with 1 of the following: (1) low-speed tungsten carbide bur (LS-TCB); (2) high-speed tungsten carbide bur (HS-TCB); (3) Sof-Lex discs; (4) fiberglass bur; (5) Enhance disc; or (6) adhesive removal pliers and pumice (ARP-P). Enamel roughness and nanotopography were assessed using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, volume loss by micro-computed tomography, color change with a digital spectrophotometer, and debonding time was recorded. Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ARP-P, LS-TCB, and HS-TCB resulted in significantly increased enamel roughness (634.5 ± 88.4 nm, 488.7 ± 183.2 nm, and 302.1 ± 52.9 nm, respectively) compared with the control (prebracketing enamel surface, 164.3 ± 64.9 nm; P <0.01). HS-TCB caused the greatest enamel volume loss (0.93 ± 0.40 mm³), whereas the fiberglass bur caused the least (0.14 ± 0.10 mm³). All methods resulted in clinically detectable color changes (ΔE >3.7), with Sof-Lex discs causing a significantly greater change than other methods (ΔE = 13.4 ± 2.5; P <0.01). HS-TCB was significantly faster (44.4 ± 10.4 seconds) than the fiberglass bur method (83.7 ± 30.2 seconds; P = 0.003), whereas ARP-P was the slowest (92.3 ± 39.2 seconds; P <0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Debonding methods vary in their impact on enamel. Faster techniques, such as HS-TCB, cause greater damage, whereas gentler methods are slower but safer. Clinicians should prioritize enamel preservation over speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of root and alveolar bone position during orthodontic therapy without additional radiation: A comparative validation study.","authors":"Zheqin Wang, Yifan Jia, Zhi Mao, Yuqian Feng, Min Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2026.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study was to propose and validate a novel expected root and bone position (ERBP) model that simulates tooth root positions relative to alveolar bone during orthodontic treatment without additional radiographic exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 28 patients undergoing clear aligner treatment. Intraoral scans and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were obtained at pretreatment and at the first midtreatment reset. The ERBP model was constructed by aligning the intraoral scans of crowns with CBCT-derived roots and alveolar bone using N-point alignment and the iterative closest point algorithm. Root mean square errors were used to evaluate superimposition accuracy for roots and jaws. Test-retest consistency, interexaminer consistency, and agreement between ERBP and CBCT were assessed via the Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients. Statistical analysis was performed using the R software (version 4.1.1; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria), with significance set at P <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All root mean square values were <1 mm. The Bland-Altman plots showed that most differences fell within ± 1.96 standard deviations. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated high reliability: 0.984-0.995 (test-retest), 0.939-0.988 (interexaminer), and 0.814-0.986 (ERBP vs CBCT).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ERBP model accurately reproduces midtreatment root positions, with results comparable with those of CBCT. It offers a reliable, radiation-sparing method for monitoring root-bone relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":50806,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}