American Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of loneliness states among the US adult population: Findings from the 2022 HINTS-6.","authors":"Juan Rafael Albertorio-Diaz, Christopher W Wheldon","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2023 the U.S. Surgeon General declared loneliness and social isolation as significant public health issues, linked to adverse outcomes such as chronic disease, mental health disorders, and mortality. This study aimed to provide population-based estimates of loneliness states among U.S. adults and identify differences across sociodemographic, contextual, and health-related factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-6). Loneliness was measured using the PROMIS Social Isolation Short form. Weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals were generated using the Korn-Graubard method for complex surveys for each variable. Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of moderate-severe loneliness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 37.4% of the US adult population experienced moderate to severe loneliness (i.e., 23.5% moderate and 14.0% severe loneliness). There were several disparities across sociodemographic groups (e.g., lesbian and gay individuals), those with social isolation proxies (e.g., never married), those with poor health, and general and chronic health conditions. In a fully adjusted model, younger age, lower income, gay or lesbian identity, being divorced or widowed, short sleep duration, and depression were consistently associated with higher odds of moderate-severe loneliness states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Loneliness is a critical public health challenge in the U.S., with pronounced disparities across sociodemographic and health-related factors. These findings compel the necessity for preventive targeted interventions aimed at addressing loneliness within public health initiatives. Enhancing public health surveillance to capture loneliness more effectively is imperative to mitigate its impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of peer bullying victimization on intimate partner violence.","authors":"Marie C D Stoner, Erica N Browne, Marissa Raymond-Flesch, Megan Comfort, Alexandra M Minnis","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While research has established associations between peer bullying victimization and increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) from a partner, most research has been cross-sectional and therefore unable to account for prior experiences of bullying and the cyclical nature of the bullying-IPV relationship METHODS: The goal of our study was to provide a robust evaluation of the effects of physical and psychological peer bullying victimization on IPV victimization using longitudinal data from 2015-2017 that bridges the transition between middle and high school among youth from a predominately Latine agricultural region in California (analysis performed in 2025). We explored if physical and psychological peer bullying increased risk for IPV and assessed contextual factors that may modify the relationship between bullying and IPV to identify intervention targets. To account for this time-varying confounding, we used sequential conditional mean models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All forms of bullying from a peer including physical (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.77, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.32, 2.37; p<0.00) and psychological (AOR 1.58 95% CI: 1.10, 2.25; p=0.01) bullying, similarly increased risk of IPV in the short-term after accounting for prior experiences of bullying and IPV. In addition, we found that contextual factors including increased neighborhood disorder and decreased social cohesion modified the relationship between bullying and IPV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a short-term immediate effect of bully victimization on IPV despite reoccurring and cyclical experiences of both bullying and IPV. Increasing social support from community members is a critical intervention target for preventing IPV among youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Disparities in Glucagon Prescriptions Across North Carolina.","authors":"Edward T Chiyaka, Shawn R Taylor, Evan Drake, Michelle Chaplin","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Geographic disparities in healthcare access cause substantial difficulties for patients with diabetes, particularly in accessing emergency medicines such as glucagon. In this study, we examine the spatial distribution of glucagon, insulin, and sulfonylureas prescription claims for Medicaid recipients in North Carolina (NC) counties and consider how these differences affect the management of diabetes and public health policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Glucagon, insulin, and sulfonylureas claim counts in each NC county as reported by the NC Medicaid from January 2022 to July 2023 were used. We also used the medical provider density data, county classification data, and pharmacy data, all at the county level, for the state of North Carolina. We compared prescribing patterns across urbanicity categories using descriptive statistics and investigated spatial patterns using data visualization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 100 NC counties, 38% had zero glucagon claims reported, and all were rural counties. Compared to rural counties, the average number of claims were higher in urban areas, insulin (922.2 vs 120.7), glucagon (123.7 vs 14.6), and sulfonylureas (10.0 vs 2.8). The study revealed significant disparities in diabetes care across North Carolina, with rural counties reporting the lowest glucagon, insulin, and sulfonylureas claims. Urban counties had higher healthcare provider densities and medication claims, with urban areas being 7.6 times more likely to report insulin claims than rural areas, highlighting geographic inequities in care access.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By emphasizing the significance of addressing glucagon prescribing trends, this analysis recommends focused efforts to promote the equitable distribution of life-saving medicines for severe hypoglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statewide Universal School Meal Policies and Food Insecurity in Households with Children.","authors":"Dania Orta-Aleman, Marlene B Schwartz, Anisha I Patel, Michele Polacsek, Christina Hecht, Kenneth Hecht, Monica D Zuercher, Lorrene Ritchie, Juliana Cohen ScM, Wendi Gosliner","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Food insecurity disproportionately affects US households with children, causing adverse health and developmental outcomes. During COVID-19, federal waivers enabled free meals for all K-12 students, but these waivers expired in 2022. Subsequently, some states adopted their own School Meals for All (SMFA) policies. This study examined whether households in states with SMFA policies experienced lower food insecurity than states reverting to means-tested programs and whether associations varied by family income.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of 3,377 caregivers from eight states (four with SMFA policies, four without) was conducted in spring/summer 2023 and analyzed in 2024. Household food security was measured with the USDA six-item module. Generalized estimating equation models estimated the association of SMFA with food insecurity, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, pre-policy county-level food insecurity data, and state-level clustering. Interaction terms tested differential effects by free/reduced-price meal (FRPM) eligibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Households in SMFA states had a 12% lower prevalence of food insecurity than those without SMFA (adjusted Prevalence Ratio [aPR] = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.94). This association was most pronounced among households eligible for free meals (19% lower prevalence, aPR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.86) and those near FRPM eligibility thresholds (aPR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Statewide SMFA policies were associated with lower household food insecurity, particularly among those with low or near-low income. These findings support SMFA as a strategy to reduce food insecurity and suggest that expanding SMFA could further benefit families with school-aged children. Future research should assess SMFA's long-term impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State nonmedical cannabis laws and US young adults' cannabis-related experiences.","authors":"Carla J Berg, Sabrina Ruchelli, Elizabeth Platt, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Katelyn F Romm, Yan Wang, Cassidy R LoParco, Yuxian Cui, Y Tony Yang, Hannah S Szlyk, Scott Burris","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated associations between cannabis retail laws and relevant experiences (e.g., advertising exposure) among young adults, who have the highest use prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three categories of non-medical cannabis retail-related laws were examined: 1) operational restrictions (e.g., operating hours, zoning restrictions), 2) advertising restrictions (by media channels, health claims, giveaways/discounts), and 3) required warnings (in ads, at retailers). Dependent variables were from surveys of US young adults in 19 states with non-medical cannabis retail (June-Nov 2023), including: frequency of cannabis retailer visits, advertising exposure, driving post-use, and (for those with past-year retailer visits and past-month use), noticing minimum-age signage, health claims, giveaways, and discounts at retailers. Multivariable analyses examined retail-related laws in relation to relevant outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all participants (n=1,847), associations were found between: retail license limits and fewer retailer visits; restricting billboard ads and less billboard ad exposure; and requiring driving-related warnings in ads and less likely driving post-use. Among those who visited retailers (n=843), there were associations between: zoning restrictions for youth-oriented facilities (but not schools) and noticing minimum-age signage; restricting health claims on products and lower health claim exposure; restricting giveaways and less often noticing giveaways; and restricting discounts and more often noticing discounts. There were no other significant associations (e.g., restricting online advertising and exposure, required warnings with risk perceptions).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Certain laws were associated with anticipated experiences among young adults; however, other laws showed no association with outcomes. Ongoing research assessing population impact and industry compliance is needed to inform regulations and implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early SNAP Emergency Allotment Withdrawal and Household Food Insufficiency.","authors":"C Ross Hatton, Erin R Hager, Alyssa J Moran, Jason P Block, Joshua Petimar","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To mitigate increases in food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States Department of Agriculture allowed states to distribute emergency allotments (EA) to households participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which substantially increased benefit amounts. EA were available through March 2023, but 18 states chose to withdraw from EA early. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of early EA withdrawal among SNAP-eligible households.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Household Pulse Survey from January 2021-February 2023. Analyses were restricted to 290,752 households living in one of the 18 states that withdrew EA early and that were estimated to be SNAP-eligible based upon state-specific eligibility criteria. Staggered difference-in-differences models estimated effects of SNAP EA withdrawal on food insufficiency overall and by household income because relatively higher-income households experienced greater reductions in benefits. Analyses were conducted in 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three percent of households reported experiencing food insufficiency before early EA withdrawal. EA withdrawal was associated with a 3.6 (95% CI: 1.0-6.3) percentage-point increase in household food insufficiency, a relative increase of 16%. Food insufficiency increased more for higher-income households (change=7.9 percentage points, 95% CI: 2.0-13.8) than for the lowest-income households (change=2.2 percentage points, 95% CI: -0.9-5.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early withdrawal of SNAP EA was associated with increased household food insufficiency, especially for households that experienced the greatest reduction in benefits. Higher SNAP benefit amounts may be warranted given the large number of households that continue to experience food insufficiency in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Care Utilization Among Medicaid-Enrolled Adults with Substance Use Disorder.","authors":"Carla Shoff, Christopher M Jones, Luping Qu, Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque, Shari M Ling, Wilson M Compton, Natalia I Chalmers","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low-income Medicaid-enrolled adults are likely to have poor oral health and experience substance use disorders (SUDs). Despite emerging evidence that comprehensive dental care can improve SUD outcomes, there is a lack of evidence about the overlap of SUD and dental care utilization. This study aims to fill that gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used 2019 data from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files and included over 30 million non-dually eligible Medicaid-enrolled adults ages 21 to 64 years. Clustered-robust standard error logistic regression models were used to predict the odds of receiving early-stage dental care. Analyses were performed in 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nationally, 56.45 per 1,000 Medicaid-enrolled adults were diagnosed with SUD. There was significant variation in SUD prevalence across states, ranging from 27.11 to 103.45 per 1,000 adults. On average, 173.78 adults per 1,000 accessed dental care, though access varied significantly across states, ranging from 1.69 to 347.27 per 1,000. Adults living in states with extensive Medicaid dental coverage had the highest rates of dental care utilization, 270.38 per 1,000 adults with SUD and 215.39 per 1,000 adults without SUD. The odds of receiving early-stage dental care were 42% lower for Medicaid-enrolled adults with SUD than those without SUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found considerable variation in the prevalence of SUD and dental care utilization across states. Further research is needed to uncover factors driving these variations and inform policy and clinical interventions to improve dental care access for Medicaid-enrolled adults, especially those with SUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107937"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicaid State Level Cost Impact of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Coverage for Obesity.","authors":"Kathryn Christensen, Tiffany Lee, Timothy Dollear, Angela Inneh, Urvashi Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in nonfatal fentanyl exposures involving stimulants in the United States, 2015-2023.","authors":"Nicole D Fitzgerald, Joshua C Black, Linda B Cottler, Silvia S Martins, Joseph J Palamar","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fentanyl-related deaths involving stimulants have increased in the US, but little is known about nonfatal overdoses involving use. We examined national trends in nonfatal fentanyl-related exposures involving co-use of cocaine or methamphetamine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional analysis, data from US poison centers were used to estimate annual trends in reported exposures involving fentanyl and stimulant use from 2015 to 2023. Cases included patients aged ≥13 with exposures involving intentional misuse or \"abuse\" of fentanyl where nonfatal adverse effects occurred (n=13,173). Co-exposure trends were examined, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate how region and medical outcome severity were associated with (1) fentanyl-cocaine use (vs. fentanyl, no cocaine use) and (2) fentanyl-methamphetamine use (vs. fentanyl, no methamphetamine use).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2015 and 2023, among fentanyl-related exposures, cocaine use increased from 1.3% to 10.0% (669.2% increase, p<.001) and methamphetamine use increased from 1.5% to 10.8% (620.0% increase, p<.001). Exposures in the Northeast were associated with higher odds of cocaine co-use, while exposures in the Midwest, South, and West were associated with higher odds of methamphetamine co-use. Compared to those with less severe effects, those with a major (life-threatening) effect had higher odds of cocaine co-use, but lower odds of methamphetamine co-use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Similar to drug-related mortality trends, nonfatal fentanyl poisonings involving co-use of cocaine or methamphetamine increased in recent years and became increasingly widespread. Differences in experience of life-threatening adverse effects linked to different stimulants suggests varying risk according to which stimulant is involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide by Cop following an Emergency Dispatch from the Veterans Crisis Line.","authors":"Peter C Britton, Kipling M Bohnert, Lauren M Denneson, Dara Ganoczy, Mark A Ilgen","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}