American Naturalist最新文献_第6页

Molting Strategy Influences Vulnerability to Climate Change in Migratory Birds. 候鸟换羽策略对气候变化脆弱性的影响

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1086/739609

Paul J Dougherty, Ryan S Terrill, Matthew D Carling

{"title":"Molting Strategy Influences Vulnerability to Climate Change in Migratory Birds.","authors":"Paul J Dougherty, Ryan S Terrill, Matthew D Carling","doi":"10.1086/739609","DOIUrl":"10.1086/739609","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMolting, the process by which birds replace their feathers, is a necessary annual event with major ramifications for fitness. However, few studies have described threats to birds during molt. Here, we combine long-term climate and bird occurrence datasets to investigate the potential for ongoing anthropogenic shifts in precipitation volume and phenology in southwestern North America to influence bird populations that molt in the region. Our analyses of eBird records reveal intraspecific variation in molting location, which may heighten resistance to interannual variation in precipitation. However, we demonstrate widespread declines among molt-migrant populations following weak and late monsoons, suggesting that this variation is insufficient to buffer many against the current rate of environmental changes. We hypothesize that deviations from historical precipitation regimes increasingly deprive birds of sufficiently predictable resources to supply molt, elevating mortality. Finally, we present associations between sensitivity to precipitation variation and recent population trends, demonstrating that anthropogenic shifts in resource availability during molt have already contributed to population declines and pose a growing threat to western North American birds. Overall, our study demonstrates that anthropogenic shifts away from historical patterns of resource availability may compromise the self-maintenance and recovery of individual organisms, representing an overlooked threat to biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 5","pages":"646-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Does the Probability of Evolutionary Rescue Increase with the Strength of Selection despite a Potential Demographic Cost? 什么时候，尽管存在潜在的人口成本，进化拯救的概率会随着选择的强度而增加？

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1086/739607

Kuangyi Xu, Matthew M Osmond

引用次数: 0

The Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Sexual Traits That Increase Mate Encounter Rates. 增加交配率的性特征的生态进化动力学。

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1086/739604

J Colton Watts, Courtney L Fitzpatrick

{"title":"The Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Sexual Traits That Increase Mate Encounter Rates.","authors":"J Colton Watts, Courtney L Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1086/739604","DOIUrl":"10.1086/739604","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSexual selection theory focuses on variation in mating success caused by a shortage of mates relative to same-sex competitors, but variation in mating success can also arise if mates are limited in an absolute sense (e.g., due to low encounter rates). To assess the potential for absolute mate limitation to contribute to sexual trait evolution, we develop a quantitative genetic model of a costly trait that increases mate encounter rates but is expressed solely in the operationally limiting sex. We show that sexual selection favors the elaboration of such a trait provided the marginal increase in offspring production exceeds the marginal increase in mortality. The conditions in which this occurs depends on population dynamic variables that change as the trait evolves. The resulting eco-evolutionary dynamics generally cause the sexual trait to converge on a single eco-evolutionary equilibrium value that, once established, cannot be replaced. These findings suggest a broader set of ecological contexts in which sexual selection can in principle occur and highlight promising directions for future research on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of sexual selection, sexual coevolution, and causes of variation in mating success in the limiting sex.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 5","pages":"627-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decision-Making in the Wild: Urgency and Complexity Drive Feeding Decision Speed and the Likelihood of Revising a Choice in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Great Tit (Parus major) Parents. 野外决策：紧迫性和复杂性驱动摄食决策速度和大山雀（Parus major）父母以性别依赖的方式修改选择的可能性。

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1086/738498

Shana M Caro, Rebeca M Villareal, Adara C Velasco, Tjomme van Mastrigt, Kees van Oers, Camilla A Hinde, Hans A Hofmann

{"title":"Decision-Making in the Wild: Urgency and Complexity Drive Feeding Decision Speed and the Likelihood of Revising a Choice in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Great Tit (Parus major) Parents.","authors":"Shana M Caro, Rebeca M Villareal, Adara C Velasco, Tjomme van Mastrigt, Kees van Oers, Camilla A Hinde, Hans A Hofmann","doi":"10.1086/738498","DOIUrl":"10.1086/738498","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDeciding which offspring to feed is one of the most critical decisions parents make for both parental and offspring fitness. Despite knowing much about what choices parents make, we know little about how parents choose. What we do know about how the brain integrates sensory evidence when choosing between options comes from laboratory studies and models. However, such studies may not adequately reflect decisions made in nature-with real-world complexity and consequences. Our naturalistic experiment on decision-making in 62 wild Parus major parents addresses this issue. Decision speed was impacted by whether parents chose to feed a typically preferred chick, offspring starvation risk, decision complexity, and parental sex. Parents regularly moved food between chicks before committing, suggesting that parents perhaps were not confident in their initial decision, had made a mistake, were continuing to collect evidence, or could not execute their initial decision. Such decision changes were predicted by similar factors as speed. After moving food, parents were more likely to continue gathering evidence after their decision, and their next decision was slower. These results demonstrate several factors impacting cognition, and perhaps metacognition, in wild birds. More broadly, our study demonstrates how crucial evolutionarily relevant experiments in natural settings are.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 5","pages":"728-750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longevity Hinders Evolutionary Rescue through Slower Growth but Not Necessarily Slower Adaptation. 长寿通过缓慢的生长阻碍进化拯救，但不一定是缓慢的适应。

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1086/739606

Scott W Nordstrom, Brett A Melbourne

{"title":"Longevity Hinders Evolutionary Rescue through Slower Growth but Not Necessarily Slower Adaptation.","authors":"Scott W Nordstrom, Brett A Melbourne","doi":"10.1086/739606","DOIUrl":"10.1086/739606","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractEvolutionary rescue is the process by which populations experiencing severe environmental change avoid extinction through adaptation. Applying theory to natural populations and conservation targets requires investigating the effects of several life history traits, including longevity. Theory demonstrates that longevity can inhibit rescue through slower phenotypic adaptation when selection acts once per lifetime, leaving open questions about longevity's effects when individuals face multiple rounds of selection. We developed a model integrating evolutionary rescue with concepts from life history theory, particularly the trade-off where increasing longevity produces slower population growth rates. Our model varies longevity by modifying the balance of survival and reproduction, with selection acting on survival, allowing for adaptation within cohorts. We used this model to study life history strategies with different longevities responding to sudden environmental change. Simulations demonstrated that higher longevity resulted in more time at low density and increased extinction. With perfect trait heritability, rates of adaptation were nearly identical across longevities. But at lower heritabilities, repeated selection under longevity decoupled mean population phenotypes and genotypes, producing a transient phase of rapid phenotypic change. Our results demonstrate that longevity impedes rescue by slowing population growth but does not always slow rates of adaptation.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 5","pages":"599-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Evolutionary and Ecological Consequences of Cooperation. 合作的进化和生态后果。

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1086/739292

Stuart A West, Anna E Dewar, Ryosuke Iritani, Laurence J Belcher, Ashleigh S Griffin

引用次数: 0

Deconstructing the Morphological Basis of Ecogeographic Variation in the Hand-Wing Index, a Widely Used Proxy for Avian Mobility, in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). 黄莺（Setophaga petechia）手翼指数生态地理变异的形态学基础解析

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1086/739176

Teresa M Pegan, Vera Ting, Brett W Benz, Benjamin M Winger

{"title":"Deconstructing the Morphological Basis of Ecogeographic Variation in the Hand-Wing Index, a Widely Used Proxy for Avian Mobility, in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia).","authors":"Teresa M Pegan, Vera Ting, Brett W Benz, Benjamin M Winger","doi":"10.1086/739176","DOIUrl":"10.1086/739176","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBird species with high demand for efficient flight (e.g., migrants) tend to have more pointed wing tips than sedentary birds, and indices describing wing tip pointedness, such as the hand-wing index (HWI), are often used as proxies for dispersal propensity in comparative studies. Wing pointedness also varies among closely related populations of the same species that experience different selection pressures on flight, but we know surprisingly little about how variation in bone versus feather lengths contributes to wing pointedness. Here, we compare wing tip shape (HWI) of migratory versus sedentary populations of a widespread songbird, the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia), to deconstruct variation in the individual skeletal and feather components of the hand-wing. Our results reveal that the relatively pointed wing shape of migrants is a consequence of shorter secondary feathers (i.e., a narrower wing) compared with nonmigrants, rather than longer wings. Indeed, despite having more pointed wings, migratory populations have similar wing length (i.e., wing chord) as sedentary continental populations. These populations show similar trunk size, but migrants have significantly shorter limb bones. Our results reveal the morphological underpinnings of a wing shape metric that has been widely used in macroevolutionary and macroecological studies of avian dispersal.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 4","pages":"578-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mouth- and Substrate-Brooding Cichlids Display Contrasting Trade-Offs and Diverse Evolutionary Pathways of Egg Investment. 口养和底养慈鲷显示出不同的权衡和不同的卵投资进化途径。

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1086/739303

Shun Satoh, Takeshi Ito, Will Sowersby, Masaya Morita, Nobuyuki Kutsukake, Fumihito Tashiro, Michio Hori, Satoshi Awata, Seiya Okuno

{"title":"Mouth- and Substrate-Brooding Cichlids Display Contrasting Trade-Offs and Diverse Evolutionary Pathways of Egg Investment.","authors":"Shun Satoh, Takeshi Ito, Will Sowersby, Masaya Morita, Nobuyuki Kutsukake, Fumihito Tashiro, Michio Hori, Satoshi Awata, Seiya Okuno","doi":"10.1086/739303","DOIUrl":"10.1086/739303","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOptimal egg size is considered a classic and important concept in life history theory. Here, we used comparative analyses to investigate the ecological factors affecting egg size across 87 Lake Tanganyikan cichlid species, which employ either a mouth-brooding or a substrate-brooding strategy to raise their offspring. These two strategies differ substantially in resource availability, potentially leading to different selective regimes on egg size. We observed a strong negative correlation between egg size and egg number (clutch size) in mouth-brooding species but not in substrate-brooding cichlids. Our results suggest that the strength of the relationship between egg size and number differs between the two brooding strategies. Interestingly, in mouth-brooding species, we found that egg size increases when offspring exhibit external feeding behaviors (i.e., grazing behavior). We also demonstrate that substrate-brooding species that have relatively short periods of parental care typically have larger eggs compared with species with longer periods of parental care. Overall, our results demonstrate that behavioral and ecological differences, including parental care strategy and duration, play an important but often overlooked role in the evolution of egg size across species.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 4","pages":"564-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simple Seasonal Switches in Food Web Composition Unveil the Complexity of an Arctic Predator-Prey System. 食物网组成中简单的季节变化揭示了北极捕食者-猎物系统的复杂性。

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1086/739318

Gabriel Bergeron, Gilles Gauthier, Frithjof Lutscher, Pierre Legagneux, Dominique Fauteux, Joël Bêty, Dominique Berteaux, Chantal Hutchison, Dominique Gravel

{"title":"Simple Seasonal Switches in Food Web Composition Unveil the Complexity of an Arctic Predator-Prey System.","authors":"Gabriel Bergeron, Gilles Gauthier, Frithjof Lutscher, Pierre Legagneux, Dominique Fauteux, Joël Bêty, Dominique Berteaux, Chantal Hutchison, Dominique Gravel","doi":"10.1086/739318","DOIUrl":"10.1086/739318","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractLife has evolved different strategies to take advantage of seasonal changes in the environment that are emblematic of boreal and arctic biomes. However, ecological theories often ignore seasonal changes for tractability or simplicity. Understanding the effect of seasonality may prove crucial as the changing climate puts more pressure on ecosystems. Hybrid dynamical models are an efficient way to represent seasonal adaptations where switches in food web compositions account for species migrations and predator movements. We use the highly seasonal and cyclic dynamics of an Arctic food web to showcase the utility of hybrid models. The simplified representation of community dynamics provided by the hybrid framework eases the study of conditions leading to lemming cycles and facilitates parameterization with empirical data. We corroborate that seasonal switches, accounting for the onset of reproduction of resident predators and the migration of mobile predators, likely drive cyclic fluctuations in lemming abundance. Our empirical investigation reveals that each predator alone does not reduce lemming growth rate enough to generate population cycles, which reinforces the idea that the predator community as a whole is responsible for the cyclic dynamics. This situation arises because each predator has unique adaptations to seasonality and impacts the dynamics in different but complementary ways. Our results have implications for community ecology, as they show how hybrid models can help understand complex dynamics in highly seasonal ecosystems. This is especially relevant in the Arctic, considering that rapid warming has the potential to disrupt lemming population cycles and negatively affect their predators.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 4","pages":"503-518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Early-Life Food Shortage Alter Female Life History at Elevated Temperatures? 早期食物短缺是否会改变高温下女性的生活史？

IF 2.7 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1086/739304

Meng-Han Joseph Chung, Chenke Zang, Diego Moura-Campos, Michael D Jennions, Megan L Head

{"title":"Does Early-Life Food Shortage Alter Female Life History at Elevated Temperatures?","authors":"Meng-Han Joseph Chung, Chenke Zang, Diego Moura-Campos, Michael D Jennions, Megan L Head","doi":"10.1086/739304","DOIUrl":"10.1086/739304","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGlobal warming is reducing food availability in many aquatic systems, raising questions about the combined effects of higher temperatures and lower food availability on fish life histories. In ectotherms, higher temperatures accelerate growth and promote an earlier onset of reproduction. However, when fish have less food during development, resource depletion might constrain these temperature-driven processes. We investigated how water temperature (24°C or 28°C) and early-life food availability (control or restricted) affected adult life history traits in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). There was no significant interaction between temperature and food availability affecting adult traits, nor was there an independent effect of food availability. Instead, higher temperature alone affected female life histories. Females at 28°C were larger in early adulthood but then grew more slowly and produced fewer, smaller offspring than females at 24°C. The effect of temperature on reproduction persisted after controlling for female size, suggesting a shift in the fecundity-female size relationship. Adult mortality was greater at 28°C. Higher temperatures also resulted in a longer gut but did not affect immunity or telomere length of the surviving females. Our results suggest that tropical fish may be vulnerable to increased temperatures but resilient to brief periods of early-life food limitation.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"207 4","pages":"546-563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0