American Naturalist最新文献_第5页

Wasted Efforts Impair Random Search Efficiency and Reduce Choosiness in Mate-Pairing Termites. 浪费的努力损害了随机搜索的效率，降低了配偶配对白蚁的选择性。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1086/732877

Nobuaki Mizumoto 水元惟暁, Naohisa Nagaya 永谷直久, Ryusuke Fujisawa 藤澤隆介

{"title":"Wasted Efforts Impair Random Search Efficiency and Reduce Choosiness in Mate-Pairing Termites.","authors":"Nobuaki Mizumoto 水元惟暁, Naohisa Nagaya 永谷直久, Ryusuke Fujisawa 藤澤隆介","doi":"10.1086/732877","DOIUrl":"10.1086/732877","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRandom search theories predict that animals employ movement patterns that optimize encounter rates with target resources. However, animals are not always able to achieve the best search strategy. Energy depletion, for example, limits searchers' movement activities, forcing them to adjust their behaviors before and after encounters. Here, we investigate the cost of mate search in a termite, Reticulitermes speratus, and reveal that the costs associated with mate finding reduce the selectivity of mating partners. After a dispersal flight, termites search for a mating partner with limited reserved energy. We found that their movement activity and diffusiveness progressively declined over extended mate search. Our data-based simulations qualitatively confirmed that the reduced movement diffusiveness decreased the searching efficiency. Also, prolonged search periods reduced survival rate and the number of offspring. Thus, mate search has two different negative effects on termites. Finally, we found that termites with an extended mate search reduced the selectivity of mating partners, where males immediately paired with any encountering females. Thus, termites dramatically changed their mate search behavior depending on their internal states. Our finding highlights that accounting for the searchers' internal states is essential to fill the gap between random search theories and empirical behavioral observations.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"204 6","pages":"589-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential Survival and Background Selection in Cryptic Trunk-Dwelling Arthropods in Fire-Prone Environments. 火灾易发环境中隐蔽树干栖息节肢动物的生存差异与背景选择

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1086/732864

João Vitor de Alcantara Viana, Rafael Campos Duarte, Carolina Lambertini, Felipe Capoccia, Anna Luiza Oliveira Martins, Camila Vieira, Gustavo Quevedo Romero

{"title":"Differential Survival and Background Selection in Cryptic Trunk-Dwelling Arthropods in Fire-Prone Environments.","authors":"João Vitor de Alcantara Viana, Rafael Campos Duarte, Carolina Lambertini, Felipe Capoccia, Anna Luiza Oliveira Martins, Camila Vieira, Gustavo Quevedo Romero","doi":"10.1086/732864","DOIUrl":"10.1086/732864","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFire events change background color, impairing camouflage strategies. However, selection for polymorphic populations may increase camouflage and survival by reducing predation risks. We conducted experiments addressing background selection and predation pressures on the effectiveness of arthropod camouflage against predation in burned and unburned trunks. We tested color and luminance contrasts, as well as trunk preferences, in a color polymorphic grasshopper and praying mantis species with melanic and brown morphs, and a spider species with a single dark color. To expand the scope of our study, we used two distinct visual models of avian predators: ultraviolet sensitive and violet sensitive. We also performed predation experiments using theoretical prey exhibiting black and brown color and human \"predators\" to understand the effectiveness of color polymorphism against different trunk conditions. Melanic morphs had lower achromatic contrast in burned backgrounds for both visual systems, suggesting that melanism promotes advantages against predation over long distances. However, only spiders actively selected the low-contrasting burned trunks, indicating habitat specialization. The predation experiments showed that black models benefited from camouflage on burned trunks. Conversely, brown models elicited more time and reduced distance in predator searching compared with the black targets on unburned trunks. We suggest that postfire effects can enhance color contrasts and increase predation over color-mismatching individuals, which translates into selection pressures for color polymorphism and matching background choices.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"204 6","pages":"E128-E145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resource Flow Network Structure Drives Metaecosystem Function. 资源流动网络结构驱动元生态系统功能

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1086/732812

Tianna Peller, Isabelle Gounand, Florian Altermatt

{"title":"Resource Flow Network Structure Drives Metaecosystem Function.","authors":"Tianna Peller, Isabelle Gounand, Florian Altermatt","doi":"10.1086/732812","DOIUrl":"10.1086/732812","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractNonliving resources frequently flow across ecosystem boundaries, which can yield networks of spatially coupled ecosystems. Yet the significance of resource flows for ecosystem function has predominantly been understood by studying two or a few coupled ecosystems, overlooking the broader resource flow network and its spatial structure. Here, we investigate how the spatial structure of larger resource flow networks influences ecosystem function at metaecosystem scales by analyzing metaecosystem models with homogeneously versus heterogeneously distributed resource flow networks but otherwise identical characteristics. We show that metaecosystem function can differ strongly between metaecosystems with contrasting resource flow networks. Differences in function generally arise through the scaling up of nonlinear local processes interacting with spatial variation in local dynamics, the latter of which is influenced by network structure. However, we find that neither network structure guarantees the greatest metaecosystem function. Rather, biotic (organism traits) and abiotic (resource flow rates) properties interact with network structure to determine which yields greater metaecosystem function. Our findings suggest that the spatial structure of resource flow networks coupling ecosystems can be a driver of ecosystem function at landscape scales. Furthermore, our study demonstrates how modifications to the structural, biotic, or abiotic properties of metaecosystem networks can have nontrivial large-scale effects on ecosystem function.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"204 6","pages":"546-560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the Mating System Model of Parasite Complex Life Cycle Evolution Reveals Demographically Driven Mixed Mating. 测试寄生虫复杂生命周期进化的交配系统模型揭示了人口统计学驱动的混合交配。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1086/732807

Jenna M Hulke, Charles D Criscione

{"title":"Testing the Mating System Model of Parasite Complex Life Cycle Evolution Reveals Demographically Driven Mixed Mating.","authors":"Jenna M Hulke, Charles D Criscione","doi":"10.1086/732807","DOIUrl":"10.1086/732807","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMany parasite species use multiple host species to complete development; however, empirical tests of models that seek to understand factors impacting evolutionary changes or maintenance of host number in parasite life cycles are scarce. Specifically, one model incorporating parasite mating systems that posits that multihost life cycles are an adaptation to prevent inbreeding in hermaphroditic parasites and thus preclude inbreeding depression remains untested. The model assumes that loss of a host results in parasite inbreeding and predicts that host loss can evolve only if there is no parasite inbreeding depression. We provide the first empirical tests of this model using a novel approach we developed for assessing inbreeding depression from field-collected parasite samples. The method compares genetically based selfing rate estimates to a demographic-based selfing rate, which was derived from the closed mating system experienced by endoparasites. Results from the hermaphroditic trematode Alloglossidium renale, which has a derived two-host life cycle, supported both the assumption and the prediction of the mating system model, as this highly inbred species had no indication of inbreeding depression. Additionally, comparisons of genetic and demographic selfing rates revealed a mixed mating system that could be explained completely by the parasite's demography (i.e., its infection intensities).","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"204 6","pages":"600-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum. 更正。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1086/730620

Sébastien Lion

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum. 更正。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1086/728406

Grant Emerson Haines, Louis Moisan, Alison M Derry, Andrew P Hendry

引用次数: 0

2023 American Society of Naturalists Awards. 2023 年美国博物学家协会奖。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/726123

引用次数: 0

Bet Hedging Is Not Sufficient to Explain Germination Patterns of a Winter Annual Plant. 打赌套期保值不足以解释冬季一年生植物的发芽模式。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1086/726785

Gregor-Fausto Siegmund, David A Moeller, Vincent M Eckhart, Monica A Geber

{"title":"Bet Hedging Is Not Sufficient to Explain Germination Patterns of a Winter Annual Plant.","authors":"Gregor-Fausto Siegmund, David A Moeller, Vincent M Eckhart, Monica A Geber","doi":"10.1086/726785","DOIUrl":"10.1086/726785","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBet hedging consists of life history strategies that buffer against environmental variability by trading off immediate and long-term fitness. Delayed germination in annual plants is a classic example of bet hedging and is often invoked to explain low germination fractions. We examined whether bet hedging explains low and variable germination fractions among 20 populations of the winter annual plant Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana that experience substantial variation in reproductive success among years. Leveraging 15 years of demographic monitoring and 3 years of field germination experiments, we assessed the fitness consequences of seed banks and compared optimal germination fractions from a density-independent bet-hedging model to observed germination fractions. We did not find consistent evidence of bet hedging or the expected trade-off between arithmetic and geometric mean fitness, although delayed germination increased long-term fitness in 7 of 20 populations. Optimal germination fractions were two to five times higher than observed germination fractions, and among-population variation in germination fractions was not correlated with risks across the life cycle. Our comprehensive test suggests that bet hedging is not sufficient to explain the observed germination patterns. Understanding variation in germination strategies will likely require integrating bet hedging with complementary forces shaping the evolution of delayed germination.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 6","pages":"767-784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Secretary's Report, 2023 : American Society of Naturalists. 部长报告，2023年:美国自然学家协会。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/727824

Joel McGlothlin

引用次数: 0

Treasurer's Report, 2022 : Statement of Activities For the Year Ending December 31, 2022. 财务主管报告，2022:截至2022年12月31日的年度活动报表。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/726749

Rebecca C Fuller

引用次数: 0