Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Effective Communication as a Tool for Achieving Organizational Goal and Objective","authors":"Nasir Ahmad Hamkar, Hanifullah Bashar, Hikmatullah Hikmat","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.37","url":null,"abstract":"Effective communication is essential for providing users with the information needed to achieve specific goals. This study explores the impact of effective communication on organizational performance, focusing on efficiency and profitability. The primary research question investigates the overall influence of effective communication on organizational goals. Sub-questions examine its effects on organizational efficiency and profitability. The main hypothesis posits that effective communication enhances organizational goal attainment, while sub-hypotheses suggest it improves efficiency and profitability. Objectives include understanding the impact of effective communication on organizational goals, efficiency, and profitability. Using purposive sampling, the study involved 40 employees. Secondary data were gathered from previous journals and books. The findings indicate that effective communication contributes to organizational development by enhancing employee productivity through verbal communication, improving performance efficiency through visual communication, and facilitating quick and accurate daily activities. Furthermore, effective communication aids in providing superior customer service, increasing the effectiveness of information systems, and maximizing employee performance benefits within the organization.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Democratic Leadership Styles on Corporate Performance","authors":"Hikmatullah Hikmat, Nangyalai Ghorbandi","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.36","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of Democratic Leadership Style on employee business development within the private sector. The primary objective is to assess how Democratic Leadership Style influences organizational behavior. This was further divided into two specific objectives: (1) to explore the influence of Democratic Leadership Style on organizational behavior, and (2) to examine the relationship between Democratic Leadership Style and organizational behavior. The main research question is: \"What is the effect of Democratic Leadership Style on organizational behavior?\" Sub-questions include: \"What is the influence of Democratic Leadership Style on organizational behavior?\" and \"What is the relationship between Democratic Leadership Style and organizational behavior?\" The hypothesis posits that Democratic Leadership Style has a positive effect on organizational behavior, with sub-hypotheses suggesting that this style enhances organizational behavior and establishes a positive relationship between the leadership style and organizational behavior. Data was collected through both primary and secondary methods, including 30 distributed questionnaires and information from relevant books, websites, journals, articles, and magazines. Findings indicate that Democratic Leadership Style positively affects employee business development, skills enhancement, productivity, and morale. This style also allows employees to contribute to daily operations, supports work-life balance, and improves employee retention rates.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Culture and Its Effect on Employee Motivation","authors":"Khowaja Abdul Jawad Siddiqi, Ahmad Zamir Jamal","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.38","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational culture plays a critical role in addressing these demands by maintaining the stability of the social system within the organization and minimizing individual differences. It fosters a sense of identity and belonging among employees, which is directly related to employee turnover and workplace harmony. \u0000The primary objective of this research is to examine the impact of organizational culture on employee motivation. Sub-objectives include assessing the impact of organizational culture on employee retention and organizational performance. The main research questions are: How does organizational culture affect employee motivation? How does it influence employee retention? And how does it impact organizational performance? Corresponding hypotheses posit that organizational culture positively affects employee motivation, retention, and organizational performance. \u0000For this study, data were collected using both primary and secondary methods. Primary data were gathered through a 30-question questionnaire distributed to 30 employees at Jahan University, while secondary data were sourced from relevant journals, books, and websites. The aim of this research is to elucidate the effects of organizational culture on employee motivation.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"79 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Conflict Management Practices on Employee Performance in Organizations","authors":"Rafiullah Safi, Mujtaba Khairkhwa","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.39","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between conflict management and employee performance within an organization, defining organizational conflict as a dispute arising from incompatible interests, goals, or values among individuals or groups. The primary research question investigates the effect of conflict management on employee performance, with sub-questions exploring the importance of conflict management on employee productivity and its consequences on organizational dynamics. The main hypothesis posits that conflict management positively affects employee performance, supported by a sub-hypothesis suggesting similar positive impacts on organizational management. \u0000Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, data were collected from secondary sources including journals, books, and websites. The findings highlight both positive and negative impacts of conflict management on organizational outcomes. The study addresses the extent of the relationship between conflict management strategies and employee performance, as well as the perceptions of employees and management regarding the effectiveness of these strategies.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"20 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Detailed Study of Glaucoma in Adults, Its Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management","authors":"P. P. Sarwade, Madhav Kumar Mishra, Harpreet Kaur, C. M. Latha, S. H. Sherief, Kavita Narayan, Rapborlang Khongshei, Parmar Hemantbhai Natubhai, Shikshan Maharshi, Guruvarya R. G. Shinde Mahavidyalaya, Paranda Dist, India Dharashiv M.S","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.34","url":null,"abstract":"As the second most prevalent cause of blindness in the world, after cataracts, glaucoma diagnosis and treatment are crucial topics for general physicians to know. Glaucomas can often be categorised based on three key factors: the extent to which the anterior chamber angle is open or closed, the intensity of the onset (acute or chronic), and the underlying cause (primary or secondary). Most cases of glaucoma are primary, indicating the absence of any comorbidities. Nevertheless, secondary glaucomas may arise from a range of visual illnesses as their root cause. Individuals who are susceptible to developing chronic glaucoma should undergo regular eye examinations in order to detect the condition at an early stage and prevent the progressive deterioration of vision that may occur prior to diagnosis. Glaucoma leads to impairments in both central and peripheral vision fields due to damage to the optic nerve and the retinal nerve fibre layer. All current treatments, including drugs, lasers, and procedures, aim to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) because it is the only factor that can be changed and is crucial in the progression of the condition. Pharmacotherapy is the usual first-line treatment, although its effectiveness is constrained by noncompliance, adverse effects, and cost. While laser and surgical methods offer the ability to effectively lower intraocular pressure (IOP) for extended periods and at a lower cost compared to medicine, they come with increased risks during the process and a higher likelihood of treatment not being successful. Various modern minimally invasive glaucoma operations have replaced conventional incisional therapies because they offer improved safety and reduced efficacy decreases. While the long-term success of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries still needs to be determined by large-scale randomised trials, these methods have greatly transformed the surgical treatment of glaucoma.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"37 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cubosomes; An Approach to Sustain and Improve the Ocular Delivery for Glaucoma Treatment: Box Benhken Optimization, Formulation, In Vitro Characterization and Ex Vivo Permeation Study","authors":"Shubhangi Aher, Bharati Nimase","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In glaucoma, acetazolamide (ACZ) is used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Low aqueous solubility and decreased corneal permeation are two characteristics of ACZ. This research intends to enhance the ocular delivery of ACZ. \u0000Materials and Methods: Using a Box-Behnken design, cubosomes loaded with acetazolamide were made using the Melt dispersion emulsification and sonication method. The independent variables included Glyceryl monoolein (GMO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Poloxamer 407 (P407. The prepared formulations underwent evaluation for polydispersity index (PDI), particle size and entrapment efficiency. Thermal analysis, in vitro characterisation and permeation were among the additional tests performed on the developed formulation. \u0000Results: Optimized formulation showed PDI of 0.23 ± 0.03, mean particle size of 243 ± 4.2 nm, zeta potential of -26.1 ± 0.6 mV, entrapment efficiency of 73.99% and cubic structure under TEM. Drug penetration through goat cornea has increased, according to an ex vivo permeation study. The prepared cubosome safety, stability and ability to be delivered through the cornea were confirmed by the ocular irritation test. \u0000Conclusion: The optimized cubosomal formulation has the potential to improve glaucoma treatment and be regarded as promising for ocular delivery of ACZ.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"97 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Different Seed Rates on Yield and Economical Feasibility of Mustard (Brassica juncea)","authors":"W. A. Sarhadi, Mir Zaman Naybkhil, Wahida Yousofzai, Shamsurahan Shams","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"Rapeseed-mustard plant (Brassica juncea)” is any one of several plant species in the genera Brassica, Rhamphospermum and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family). Mustard seed is used as a spice. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. Many vegetables are cultivated varieties of mustard plants; domestication may have begun 6,000 years ago. Mustard is a popular condiment, commonly it is a popular condiment made from the seeds of the mustard plant. It can be prepared using white/yellow mustard, brown mustard, or black mustard seeds mixed with liquids, salt, and other flavorings to create a paste or sauce. Mustard pairs well with meats, vegetables, and cheeses and is commonly used in sandwiches, hamburgers, and hot dogs. It is also used in dressings, glazes, sauces, and marinades around the world. The word \"mustard\" has origins in Latin and French, and archaeological evidence suggests mustard cultivation dates back to ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley. Mustard has a long history of culinary use, with the Romans likely being the first to experiment with mustard as a condiment. In France, Dijon became a renowned center for mustard making, and Dijon mustard is still highly regarded today. Mustard has various uses, such as a condiment, an ingredient in sauces and soups, and an emulsifier in dishes like Hollandaise sauce. The flavor and heat of mustard depend on the seed type and preparation method. Mustard offers nutritional benefits such as vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Mustard plants is used for producing edible oil for human, oil-cake for feeding animals, sauce, spices, medicine and other purposes   in Afghanistan.\u0000Mustard has a long history in Afghanistan and is mostly cultivated in the Northern provinces such as Baghlan, Kunduz, Thakkar, Samangan and etc. For the above-mentioned importance of Mustard, we decided to apply a research on seed rates to fine the desirable seed rate of mustard crop for Afghan Mustard growers. Seed rates are one of the important factors, which the suitable seed rates prevent from the economic loss of farmers.  This research accomplished in the title of “The effects of different seed rates on yield and growth components of mustard (Brassica juncea)” The research was designed in a complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and five treatments. The data were collected from growth parameters such as plant height, number branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1 as well as yield parameters such as number of pods plan-1, number of seeds plant-1, seed yield kg ha-1, dry matter kg ha-1 and biological yield kg ha-1. The collected data were analyzed using excel, OPSTAT online testing program, statistical tool for agricultural research (STAR). Based on the statistical analysis the significant diff","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"59 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rifaximin: A Comprehensive Review of Structure, Uses, Mechanisms of Action, and Assay Methods","authors":"Shibani Raut, Geetanjali Amat, Akshya Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"Rifaximin, a derivative of rifamycin, has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool in gastroenterology. This review explores rifaximin's intricate molecular structure and pharmacokinetic properties, highlighting its minimal systemic absorption and targeted action within the gut. The multifaceted mechanisms of action, including direct antibacterial effects and modulation of gut microbiota, are discussed. The review then examines the efficacy of rifaximin in treating various gastrointestinal disorders like traveler's diarrhea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D), and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). Dosage recommendations and the well-tolerated safety profile of rifaximin are presented. Finally, the importance of quality control measures using techniques like HPLC and spectroscopy is emphasized to ensure the drug's effectiveness and safety.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Development of Architectural Conditions for Civil Repairs in Afghanistan","authors":"Saied Hamayon Shah Akbari","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.30","url":null,"abstract":"During the formation of fidalism, the culture of urbanization, which was considered the necessary link in the slave society, decreased, but the Centers of Buddhist culture in Afghanistan continued to operate even after the Arab conquests in the 7th century AD. \u0000At the beginning of the 5th century, from the depths of Central Asia, the Gochhanda Yaftali tribes invaded the territory of Afghanistan, which eventually led to the extinction of the Kushan Empire. \u0000Coexistence and interaction with neighbors in a peaceful and sometimes non-peaceful way of agricultural units with nomadic tribes is one of the main features of the historical development of the people of Afghanistan and Asia. By settling in the lands of Afghanistan and accepting the local culture and enriching it with their tribal traditions, the nomadic tribes helped a lot in the emergence of the process of a new social and cultural nature in the country. \u0000The conquests of the Arab caliphs, which began in the seventh century, and as a result of the interaction of their culture with the cultural traditions of the local people, led to the creation of a new culture.  And Islamic religion replaced Buddhism and other religious beliefs. Buildings for worship were built called mosques, Eidgah’s, schools and caravanserais. The formation of large commercial and handicraft cities, which took place in the development of literary and architectural sciences, which took place in the middle of the centuries of the feudal period. \u0000The Ghaznavid dynasties (10th-12th centuries) and the Ghurids, the \"king of the mountains\" in the 12th century, had a significant impact on the history of the early Middle Ages. In the engineering of the cities of the Ghaznavid period, the buildings of the city (Ghazni, Qala-e-Bast, Lashkargah) and also in the engineering of most of the buildings of the Ghurid dynasty (a minaret in the mountainous region of Jam), the ideological characteristics of that era have been expressed in the language of engineering. \u0000In the modern era, after the wars and the destruction of cities and places in the country, the migrations that took place as a result of the civil wars and the return to the country, brought different cultures to the country. Also, by mixing new cultures with local traditions, it caused cities and places to take a new shape. Thus, it influenced the development of Afghan architecture and the growth of modern architecture. This will be of particular importance with the combination of local architectural culture and traditions in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"57 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Hepatic Encephalopathy: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Epidemiology, Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Sandip Tejpal, Saajan Kumar Sharma, Astha Sharma, Sachit Sharma","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.3.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"The condition known as hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a state of impaired brain function that can be reversed and is experienced by patients who are suffering from severe liver diseases. Neurotoxins, decreased neurotransmission as a result of metabolic anomalies in liver failure, changes in brain energy metabolism, systemic inflammatory response, and alterations of the blood brain barrier are the primary hypotheses that are still being explored in relation to the precise pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). There is a wide spectrum of severity regarding the neurological and mental symptoms that can be brought on by HE. For the purpose of diagnosing limited HE, abnormal psychometric tests are utilised. Alterations in personality, altered states of consciousness, gradual spatial and temporal disorientation, lethargy, stupor, and coma are some of the characteristics of HE that are clinically noticeable. For the purpose of diagnosis, specific testing is not required outside of clinical studies. HE is classified according to the underlying disease, the severity of symptoms, the length of time it has been present, and whether or not there are triggers that cause it to occur. Hepatic encephalopathy refers to a collection of neuropsychiatric illnesses that can be treated and are characterised by the presence of symptoms in individuals who have liver disease or who have undergone portosystemic shunting. Entephalopathy, a disabling result of cirrhosis, affects thirty-five percent to forty-five percent of cirrhotic patients. Before recently, the treatment choices for HE that were available in hospitals were depending on anecdotal evidence, the availability of medication, and the norms of the relevant institutions. An increasing number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are providing further confirmation of the central significance of the basic HE therapy techniques (lactulose, branched-chain amino acids, and rifaximin), as well as the rising body of evidence showing the large beneficial advantages associated with these strategies. The liver transplantation and embolisation of large PSSs are two treatments that have proven to be effective for a select group of patients who have been carefully selected. Not only does it have a significant influence on the day-to-day lives of patients and carers, but it is also associated with increased rates of sickness and death and consumes a significant amount of resources in the healthcare system. In this article, we examine the history of hepatic encephalopathy, as well as the current understanding of the condition and the potential treatments for it.","PeriodicalId":507877,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"121 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}