Animal Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Beyond overlap: considering habitat preference and fitness outcomes in the umbrella species concept","authors":"J. D. Carlisle,&nbsp;K. T. Smith,&nbsp;J. L. Beck,&nbsp;M. A. Murphy,&nbsp;A. D. Chalfoun","doi":"10.1111/acv.12899","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Umbrella species and other surrogate species approaches to conservation provide an appealing framework to extend the reach of conservation efforts beyond single species. For the umbrella species concept to be effective, populations of multiple species of concern must persist in areas protected on behalf of the umbrella species. Most assessments of the concept, however, focus exclusively on geographic overlap among umbrella and background species, and not measures that affect population persistence (e.g. habitat quality or fitness). We quantified the congruence between the habitat preferences and nesting success of a high-profile umbrella species (greater sage-grouse, <i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>, hereafter ‘sage-grouse’), and three sympatric species of declining songbirds (Brewer's sparrow <i>Spizella breweri</i>, sage thrasher <i>Oreoscoptes montanus</i> and vesper sparrow <i>Pooecetes gramineus</i>) in central Wyoming, USA during 2012–2013. We used machine-learning methods to create data-driven predictions of sage-grouse nest-site selection and nest survival probabilities by modeling field-collected sage-grouse data relative to habitat attributes. We then used field-collected songbird data to assess whether high-quality sites for songbirds aligned with those of sage-grouse. Nest sites selected by songbirds did not coincide with sage-grouse nesting preferences, with the exception that Brewer's sparrows preferred similar nest sites to sage-grouse in 2012. Moreover, the areas that produced higher rates of songbird nest survival were unrelated to those for sage-grouse. Our findings suggest that management actions at local scales that prioritize sage-grouse nesting habitat will not necessarily enhance the reproductive success of sagebrush-associated songbirds. Measures implemented to conserve sage-grouse and other purported umbrella species at broad spatial scales likely overlap the distribution of many species, however, broad-scale overlap may not translate to fine-scale conservation benefit beyond the umbrella species itself. The maintenance of microhabitat heterogeneity important for a diversity of species of concern will be critical for a more holistic application of the umbrella species concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"212-225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird","authors":"J. M. Pérez-García,&nbsp;E. Sebastián-González,&nbsp;R. Rodríguez-Caro,&nbsp;A. Sanz-Aguilar,&nbsp;F. Botella","doi":"10.1111/acv.12906","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12906","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waterbirds are particularly affected by the high hunting pressure they face in many regions, which in some cases is compromising conservation actions for threatened species. The marbled teal <i>Marmaronetta angustirostris</i> is one of the most endangered waterbirds in Europe. In order to restore its population, several conservation actions have recently been undertaken, including a population reinforcement programme in Spain using captive-bred birds. With the aim of assessing the success of the reinforcement programme to establish a long-term self-sustaining population, we identified mortality causes of marbled teal, evaluated the survival of individual birds of the reinforcement programme and estimated the viability of the population under different management scenarios. We used data from wild and captive-bred individuals tracked by GPS since 2018 (<i>n</i> = 42) and from a mark–recapture programme initiated in 2015 (<i>n</i> = 297). We recovered 15 dead birds or transmitters: 20% died of natural causes, 60% of non-natural causes (including all anthropic causes) and 20% of unknown causes. Furthermore, the GPS tags of 24 birds unexpectedly stopped transmitting without any indication of malfunction, and for 66.7% of these disappeared birds, the cessation was suspected to be caused by illegal shooting. Survival during the hunting season was higher for males (31.3%) than for females (12.5%), and for the wild (50%) than for the captive-bred birds (9.4%), probably due to differences in migration patterns to North Africa. Population viability models revealed that maintaining the breeding population at the current mortality rates is only possible with a permanent release programme of captive-bred individuals, and that in order to establish a self-sustaining population, non-natural mortality would have to be reduced by at least 40%. We recommend management measures to reduce marbled teal mortality, such as limiting legal hunting to hours with clear visibility, prosecuting illegal shootings, controlling exotic predators and improving water management to reduce disease outbreaks. Some improvements can be implemented in captive-breeding programmes, such as earlier release times and incorporating anti-predator training.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"293-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44705855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will the new Chinese National Parks system save the world's rarest primate, the Hainan gibbon?","authors":"Y. Wengel,&nbsp;L. Ma,&nbsp;L. Han","doi":"10.1111/acv.12902","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12902","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Protection of species and conservation of biological resources are increasingly gaining attention in the global community, as ensuring ecological security and sustainable development, alongside the UN Sustainable Development Goals 14 and 15, is crucial to the survival of our civilisation (Barnosky &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). Designating land as protected areas is imperative for nature protection and worldwide biodiversity conservation (Brooks, Da Fonseca, &amp; Rodrigues, &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). Although nature protection has deep roots in China, its management is fragmented in the existing protected areas system (Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). As a result, the multi-sector management approach leads to conflict between conservation efforts, sustainable community livelihoods and tourism development (Li &amp; Wang, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, historically nature in China has been seen predominantly as utilitarian, hence open for exploitation, for example, for traditional medicines, food, hunting and trade (Harris, &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;). Nevertheless, culture and conservation are not fixed concepts, and approaches to conservation vary worldwide. To address the challenges mentioned above and to strengthen environmental protection and the Chinese Communist Party's goal of achieving an ecological civilisation, the government initiated a pilot national park system according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) standard, which aims to become the largest in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Establishing a Chinese pilot national park system was officially put forward in the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Party in 2013. Complying with the initiatives of IUCN (specifically, protecting biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of biological resources), ten pilot national park projects were established nationwide in 2019. In 2021, the first five national parks were announced to the public, including Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (HTRNP), Sanjiangyuan National Park, Giant Panda National Park, Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and Wuyi Mountain National Park. The public announcement of the first national parks shows that authorities have conducted general policies prioritising biodiversity conservation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (海南热带雨林国家公园; HTRNP) is the most concentrated, largest contiguous and well-preserved tropical rain forest in China. The national park is located in China's southernmost province, Hainan, and covers 4,403 square kilometres, accounting for 13% of the province's total area (Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). HTRNP comprises 19 nature reserves and is home to many protected species, including the endemic Hainan gibbon (&lt;i&gt;Nomascus hainanus&lt;/i&gt;), the world's rarest primate and mammal (Baillie &amp; Butcher, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;IUCN listed the Hainan gibbon as a critically endangered speci","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do landscape and life history traits contribute to the threat context of Brazilian primates?","authors":"A. L. L. Matte,&nbsp;G. Buss,&nbsp;M. Fialho,&nbsp;F. G. Becker,&nbsp;L. Jerusalinsky,&nbsp;J. C. de Lacerda,&nbsp;P. J. P. Santos,&nbsp;B. Bezerra","doi":"10.1111/acv.12904","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12904","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brazilian primates differ regarding landscape characteristics within their ranges (e.g. habitat availability) and life-history traits (e.g. body size). These landscape and life history attributes may be related to extinction risk. Here, we verified how such attributes correlate with primate threat categories. We considered 124 Brazilian primates based on the 2014 Brazilian list of threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) and non-threatened (Least Concern and Near Threatened) species. We then characterized their landscape (i.e. habitat availability, habitat loss and fragmentation, indigenous lands, roads, urban areas, deforestation arch) and life-history attributes (i.e. body weight, gestation length and generation time), which together make up the threat context for each threat category. We compared threat categories to identify differences in such attributes, considering biome (Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Caatinga and Cerrado) as a factor and testing for phylogenetic effect. We investigated the attributes responsible for group characterization for specific threats and binary threatened/non-threatened categories. We show that life history and landscape attributes differ in the biomes. However, only landscape features varied across biomes. In the Amazon, the threatened categories reached the highest level of habitat loss in the last 30 years, while in the Atlantic Forest, the landscape of threatened species had the highest proportions of roads and urban areas. Most threatened species landscapes in the Caatinga and Cerrado were highly fragmented. We found a positive link between human impacts and extinction risk in the Amazon. In the other biomes, anthropogenic landscape characteristics were associated with threatened and non-threatened species. Threatened species tended to have large bodies and a slow life history, regardless of the biome. The more closely related the species, the more similar the traits. We suggest considering biomes and threat categories together with specific landscape and life history attributes to distinguish primate threat context for species conservation priority-setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"267-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46929001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic evidence that development is not compatible with sustainability in semi-urban freshwater turtles","authors":"A.-C. Auge,&nbsp;G. Blouin-Demers,&nbsp;C. T. Hasler,&nbsp;D. L. Murray","doi":"10.1111/acv.12903","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12903","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Balancing urban development with environmental sustainability is a major challenge that is increasingly recognized in planning decisions. Urban development proposals are often approved with the expectation that deleterious impacts on native species will be constrained, but this assumption is rarely tested over sufficient timelines to confirm its validity for long-lived, at-risk species. We tracked changes in Blanding's turtle (<i>Emydoidea blandingii</i>) habitat availability and demography over 10 years near Ottawa, ON, Canada, to determine whether urban development and associated mitigation measures were sufficient to ensure long-term population persistence. Suitable turtle habitat declined by 10% during the study, and wetland corridors were essentially lost. Habitat loss coincided with a marked reduction in adult turtle apparent survival, resulting in a 70% decline in population size. Adult females experienced the greatest decline, and despite wildlife fencing and culvert placement as conditions of project approval, turtle road mortality likely was the primary cause of the decline. Deterministic population viability analysis revealed that ~4 adult female road mortalities (of an initial 56 females) per year produced a comparable decline to that observed in our population estimates; at this rate, the population will likely breach its quasi-extinction threshold (4 females) in under a decade. Accordingly, we infer that in our study area, approved urban development was not compatible with at-risk turtle population viability. Our findings imply that urban development approval conditions, even when conducted in the context of seemingly robust species-at-risk protection, can be inadequate to ensure sustainability. We contend that if environmental sustainability is to be prioritized, urban development projects in areas occupied by at-risk species must be subject to more stringent oversight during the planning, approval and implementation phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"253-266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primate extinction, the legacy of 40 years' road expansion in Colombia","authors":"A. Ceia-Hasse,&nbsp;M. A. Thomson,&nbsp;E. A. Noguera-Urbano,&nbsp;J. C. Carrillo-Restrepo,&nbsp;C. A. Cruz-Rodríguez,&nbsp;C. A. Correa-Ayram,&nbsp;J. M. Ochoa-Quintero,&nbsp;I. M. D. Rosa","doi":"10.1111/acv.12901","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12901","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Primates are declining worldwide and rapid infrastructure expansion, particularly roads, threatens their habitat. New roads fragment habitats allowing anthropogenic activities to occur in once pristine ecosystems; this is particularly impactful in tropical areas with high endemic biodiversity, as is occurring with primates in Colombia. However, temporal assessments of how roads impact local biodiversity are rare. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the exposure of Colombian primates to roads from 1970 to 2015. Using a spatially explicit and species-specific approach, we estimated the critical road density and the critical patch size primate species can withstand before going locally extinct. Then, overlapping 15 primate species (~40% of the primate species present in Colombia) ranges with Colombia's road networks over time, we determined the road expansion scope within each habitat and consequent fragmentation. Comparing the species critical road density and patch size, we determined the degree of road exposure of each species over time and its vulnerability to local extinction. Our results show that between 1970 and 2015, there were nearly 40 000 km² where at least one species was at risk of local extinction, due to road expansion, principally in the Andean and Caribbean regions. Primates in these regions faced the greatest exposure to road impacts, with an average 16% increase in the amount of affected habitat during this period. Species in most need of conservation based on road exposure rankings are: <i>Cebus versicolor</i>, <i>Aotus griseimembra</i>, <i>Ateles hybridus</i>, <i>Saguinus leucopus</i> and <i>Saguinus oedipus</i>. Our study contributes to understanding road impacts on local biodiversity in one of the biodiversity hotspots across the tropics and highlights the need of infrastructure accounting for the necessary mitigation and conservation actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"226-239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49136103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How virtual representations of ecotourists' experiences on social media may shape meanings and preferences: insights for future research complementing visitation data","authors":"A. Hausmann","doi":"10.1111/acv.12897","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12897","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The opportunity to spot charismatic megafauna in the wild, such as large-bodied mammals, has been promoted in ecotourism marketing to attract visitors and represents a popular wildlife-watching activity in African protected areas. However, increasing evidence shows that ecotourists' preferences to visit protected areas may be more diverse, expanding beyond charismatic megafauna. The wide-scale analysis carried out by Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) in Sub-Saharan Africa by using revealed preference methods identifies factors explaining higher visitation, as a proxy for protected areas' attractiveness. The results contribute to the literature, especially by identifying areas and species which are more likely to attract more visitors and be affected by both positive and negative impacts of ecotourism. The authors raise important questions regarding the need to further understand these impacts, which may include receiving higher revenues to support management but also neocolonial pressures, according to different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) found that beyond charismatic megafauna, areas with high bird diversity may also attract more visitors. Birdwatching is a growing niche in nature-based tourism attracting bird enthusiasts to diverse locations worldwide. In more remote and rural areas where charismatic megafauna do not occur (e.g., either naturally or as a consequence of human activities), birdwatching ecotourism may represent an important economic activity that could help align biodiversity conservation goals with rural development (Biggs &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). However, the authors point out that other unmeasured park attributes or reasons may be driving visitation and the outcome of their models. Triangulating various sources of information (e.g., quantitative and qualitative information from surveys, and in-depth interviews) may contribute to complementing visitation data. This includes integrating insights from how preferences and perceptions are constructed in virtual social environments, such as social media platforms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Content shared on social media (e.g., images, videos, and texts) has been used as a cost-efficient proxy for understanding a wide set of people-nature interactions, including ecotourists' preferences, visitation, and broader experiences in protected areas (Teles da Mota &amp; Pickering, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Place-specific content from social media (e.g., geotagged photographs) could help unveil how factors of attractiveness found by Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) interplay with the plurality of reasons underpinning visitation at more local scales, for example, by assessing whether bird diversity or birdwatching activities are reflected in social media content posted in relation to bird-rich areas. Moreover, social media data could provide further insights into complementary results by unveiling emerging preferences and meanings which may not ","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"26 4","pages":"446-447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45040699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards ecotourism that nurtures local visions for landscapes and wildlife","authors":"H. N. Eyster,&nbsp;R. Naidoo,&nbsp;K. M. A. Chan","doi":"10.1111/acv.12900","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12900","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We thank Scholte, Kamgang, &amp; Sabuhoro (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) and Hausmann (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) for their perceptive commentaries on our study of what attracts ecotourists to Sub-Saharan African protected areas (Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Because our study relied on tourist visit data that lacked any demographic information, we were unable to differentiate between the preferences of different tourist segments, but we agree with Scholte, Kamgang, &amp; Sabuhoro (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) that this is a critical next step in understanding how ecotourism can aid conservation. Specifically, domestic, intra-African, and diasporic ecotourists likely have different “ecotourist gazes”—i.e., “way[s] in which tourists view the people and places they visit”—that our paper was unable to disentangle (Stone &amp; Nyaupane, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, p. 2; Lindsey &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Urry, &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;). Indeed, our results that bird diversity appears to matter to tourists may be particularly representative of intra-African ecotourists: Lindsey &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;) showed that bird diversity was much more important to African than non-African visitors to South African protected areas. Disentangling the varied preferences of different types of tourists will be essential to help protected areas adapt to the possibility of future pandemics and growing African populations (Scholte, Kamgang, &amp; Sabuhoro, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study sought to examine the importance of the Big Five across Sub-Saharan Africa (specifically: elephants, rhinos, lions, buffalo, and leopards), but we agree with Scholte, Kamgang, &amp; Sabuhoro (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) that regional analyses are key to supporting the full diversity of African protected areas and wildlife. In particular, Scholte, Kamgang, &amp; Sabuhoro (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) note the longstanding underrepresentation of Central African wildlife and ecotourism in the published literature. Our study did not consider range-restricted species like mountain gorilla (&lt;i&gt;Gorilla beringei&lt;/i&gt;), which is found only in the forests of the Congo basin. While we believe that general, large-scale analyses examining continent-wide patterns are useful, complementing this level of insight with analyses of the relationships between regional species and ecotourists will be key for sustaining protected areas across the continent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hausmann (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) suggests that social media data might help fill these research gaps. Images, text, and videos shared on social media platforms could indeed help reveal “tourist gazes” (Stone &amp; Nyaupane, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Moreover, these data could better show the variation in tourist gazes across locations and ecotourist origins. Yet Hausmann also cautions that these data must be critically considered, since they may exaggerate certain shareable ‘tourist imaginaries’ and underrepresent less viral but still important elements of the relationships e","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"26 4","pages":"448-449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43843478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Big Five and Birds: Divergent ecotourism perspectives in rapidly changing Africa","authors":"P. Scholte,&nbsp;S. A. Kamgang,&nbsp;E. Sabuhoro","doi":"10.1111/acv.12891","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12891","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Ecotourism has increasingly been recognized as an important source of revenue for protected areas as well as their surrounding communities (Hausmann &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Gupta &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Particularly in southern and eastern Africa, ecotourism is linked with charismatic species - the Big Five-, i.e., African elephant (&lt;i&gt;Loxodonta africana&lt;/i&gt;), rhinoceros (&lt;i&gt;Diceros bicornis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ceratotherius simum&lt;/i&gt;), lion (&lt;i&gt;Panthera leo&lt;/i&gt;), African buffalo (&lt;i&gt;Syncerus caffer&lt;/i&gt;), and leopard (&lt;i&gt;Panthera pardus&lt;/i&gt;). In ‘Not just the Big Five: African ecotourists prefer parks brimming with bird diversity’, Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) show how ecotourists also value birdwatching and viewing other wildlife. Ecotourism-based initiatives founded on local cultures can also be found (Hausmann &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). This recent research shows that reigning conservation interventions such as reintroducing Big Five species, which drain scarce budgets, may be directed to other attractions -birds, culture-, more effectively in the long run (Mbaiwa, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). This has significant implications for biodiversity conservation and how tourism may benefit local economies in sub-Saharan Africa (Mbaiwa, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Gupta &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) explicitly mention their focus on southern Africa and East Africa (SSE), a regional perspective that is very common (Bauer &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). The authors' choice of ‘Big Five alternatives’ – giraffe (&lt;i&gt;Giraffa&lt;/i&gt; spp.), cheetah (&lt;i&gt;Acinonyx jubatus&lt;/i&gt;), wild dog (&lt;i&gt;Lycaon pictus&lt;/i&gt;), birds – is limited to savannas species, thereby neglecting African forest species, such as mountain gorilla (&lt;i&gt;Gorilla beringei&lt;/i&gt;) and chimpanzee (&lt;i&gt;Pan troglodytes&lt;/i&gt;), the backbone of a flourishing ecotourism industry in Rwanda, Uganda and beyond (Sabuhoro &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). This also holds for burgeoning ecotourism targeting lowland gorillas (&lt;i&gt;Gorilla gorilla&lt;/i&gt;) (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon) and Ethiopian mountain endemics such as walia ibex (&lt;i&gt;Capra walie&lt;/i&gt;) and mountain nyala (&lt;i&gt;Tragelaphus buxtoni&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;COVID-19 was a wake-up call, demonstrating too much reliance on ecotourism in Africa and beyond, a lesson all too easy to forget (Gupta &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Much less known have been the consequences of a degrading security situation in West-Central-Horn (WCH) of Africa over the recent decade (Bauer &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). The WCH part of the annual ecotourism visit map that Eyster, Naidoo, &amp; Chan (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) present has turned since 2007, with the exception of the western coastal parts, completely red or orange, i.e. (formally) advising against travel, invalidating, amongst other things, travel insurance policies (Figure 1). In WCH Africa, on","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"26 4","pages":"443-445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41257494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance to the edge and other landscape features influence nest predation in grey partridges","authors":"A. Laux,&nbsp;K. Mayer,&nbsp;W. Beeke,&nbsp;M. Waltert,&nbsp;E. Gottschalk","doi":"10.1111/acv.12898","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12898","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predation and habitat deterioration are the main reasons for the strong decline of ground-nesting farmland birds such as the grey partridge <i>Perdix perdix</i> in Europe. Grey partridge nests and incubating females are especially vulnerable to predation. We have previously demonstrated that predator activity is much lower inside flower blocks (agri-environment schemes sown with a flower seed mix) than at their edges and that predator activity in flower blocks depends on the surrounding landscape. Here, we investigate whether these differences in predator activity translate into differences in grey partridge nest predation and assess predation patterns relative to landscape and nest site characteristics. We recorded the success of 56 nests of radio-tagged grey partridges between 2009 and 2017 in an agricultural landscape in Central Germany. We used Bayesian logistic regression to analyse the effects of nest site and landscape characteristics on nest predation on a subset of 46 nests (21 nests successful, 25 predated). Distance to the edge of the nesting habitat was the most important predictor, reducing predation probability from 66.8% at the edge to 18.5% at 85.5 m. Predation probability decreased with increasing length of habitat borders, habitat diversity and the area of permanent grasslands and fallows. Predation probability was higher further from settlements and increased with increasing woodland area in the agricultural matrix. When considering linear landscape structures, nest predation patterns matched the patterns of predator activity from our previous studies. Results suggest that the distance to the edge of the nesting habitat is most important and that nest predation may be reduced by providing sufficiently broad nesting habitats. Nest predation may further be minimized by increasing habitat diversity and coverage of extensive vegetation types and by establishing conservation measures for grey partridges further away from woodlands. These measures may also benefit other ground-nesting farmland birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"196-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49445834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}