Animal Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Identifying demographic and environmental drivers of population dynamics and viability in an endangered top predator using an integrated model","authors":"A. J. Warlick,&nbsp;G. K. Himes Boor,&nbsp;T. L. McGuire,&nbsp;K. E.W. Shelden,&nbsp;E. K. Jacobson,&nbsp;C. Boyd,&nbsp;P. R. Wade,&nbsp;A. E. Punt,&nbsp;S. J. Converse","doi":"10.1111/acv.12905","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12905","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge about the demographic and environmental factors underlying population dynamics is fundamental to designing effective conservation measures to recover depleted wildlife populations. However, sparse monitoring data or persistent knowledge gaps about threats make it difficult to identify the drivers of population dynamics. In situations where small, declining, or depleted populations show continued evidence of decline for unknown reasons, integrated population models can make efficient use of available data to improve our understanding of demography, provide fundamental insights into factors that may be limiting recovery, and support conservation decisions. We used mark-resight and aerial survey data from 2004 to 2018 to build a Bayesian integrated population model for the Cook Inlet population of beluga whales (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>), which is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We examined the effects of prey availability and oceanographic conditions on beluga vital rates and conducted a population viability analysis to predict extinction risk across a range of hypothetical changes in beluga survival and reproduction. Our results indicated that while the survival of breeding females (0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99) and young calves (0.92; 0.80–0.98) was relatively high, the survival of nonbreeders (0.94; 0.91–0.97) and fecundity (0.28; 0.22–0.36) may be depressed. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the population will likely continue to decline, with a 17–32% probability of extinction in 150 years. Our model highlights the utility of integrated population modeling for maximizing the usefulness of available data and identifying factors contributing to the failure of protected populations to recover. This framework can be used to evaluate proposed conservation and recovery efforts for this and other endangered species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"240-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predominant prevalence of Ranavirus in southern Brazil, a region with widespread occurrence of the amphibian chytrid","authors":"J. Ruggeri,&nbsp;M. R. Pontes,&nbsp;L. P. Ribeiro,&nbsp;K. L. Gendreau,&nbsp;R. L. M. Sousa,&nbsp;L. F. Toledo","doi":"10.1111/acv.12911","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12911","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emerging infectious diseases are a major cause of amphibian declines worldwide. Two of these diseases are amphibian chytridiomycosis caused by the chytrid fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (Bd) and a viral disease caused by different ranaviruses (Rv). Whereas Bd is known to be widespread in Brazil, Rv was only recently detected in natural habitats. We therefore investigated the co-occurrence of Bd and Rv in wild tadpoles in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest from 21 ponds. Because infection by Bd might cause immune suppression in the host, we hypothesized that tadpoles infected with Bd would be more prone to infection with Rv than Bd-free individuals, hence presenting higher Rv loads. Surprisingly, co-infection was rare (less than 6% of the sampled specimens), and we did not find evidence that Bd would facilitate Rv infection. On the other hand, we detected Rv in 38% of tadpoles (125 out of 324), representing twice the prevalence of Bd in the same populations. We tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on infection by each pathogen on tadpoles, and we detected a positive relationship between forest cover and infection by Rv, whereas no relationship was found for Bd infection. Based on the putatively low rate of co-infection and high prevalence of Rv in wild anuran populations, we advocate for the inclusion of Rv screening and monitoring in addition to Bd in conservation-oriented amphibian surveys. Only surveying both diseases will provide a complete picture of amphibian disease-related declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"338-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental suitability and potential range expansion of the Eurasian beaver in Italy","authors":"Mattia Falaschi,&nbsp;Gentile Francesco Ficetola,&nbsp;Andrea Viviano,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mazza,&nbsp;Emiliano Mori","doi":"10.1111/acv.12910","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12910","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reintroduction and rewilding initiatives are key strategies to reverse human impacts on ecosystems and re-establish natural processes. However, rewilding may involve complex management scenarios, because many expanding species can have economic impacts and cause human–wildlife conflicts. Conflicts can be particularly challenging when carnivores, large herbivores and ecosystem engineers are involved. The Eurasian beaver (<i>Castor fiber</i>) is a key ecosystem engineer that was once present in a large part of the Palearctic, but in Medieval times underwent a severe decline due to the joint effects of habitat loss and hunting. Subsequent legal protection and reintroductions triggered the recovery of the species through most of its original range. Eurasian beavers recently started the recolonization of Italy, because of the joint effects of natural dispersal (from Austria to northern Italy) and illegal reintroductions (central Italy). The lack of data on the most likely colonization routes hampers appropriate management of this species. Here, we identified the areas where beaver populations are most likely to arrive in the near future within Europe, with a specific focus on Italy. First, we developed spatially cross-validated species distribution models to identify the areas with the highest suitability for the Eurasian beaver in Europe. Second, we used connectivity modelling to assess the possible expansion routes of this species in Italy. Large areas of Europe are suitable for the beaver and may soon be colonized. The connectivity model showed a high potential for expansion from central Italy to surrounding areas, while the high isolation of northern Italy populations suggests a slower expansion. Our results can help environmental managers to understand where to focus both the future monitoring of beaver populations and actions aimed at preventing and mitigating possible human–wildlife conflicts that could arise from the expansion of an environmental engineer such as the beaver.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"324-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roadside provisioning threatens both humans and monkeys","authors":"Kurnia Ilham","doi":"10.1111/acv.12909","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12909","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the past 10 years, the number of unmanaged or incidental provisioned monkey sites has significantly increased in Asian countries, including Indonesia. Provisioning generally takes place at the roadside (Ilham, per obs. 2018; Riley, Shaffer &amp; Trinidad, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), and researchers have highlighted the risks associated with provisioning monkeys. For example, food provisioning can change monkeys’ demography, behavior and ecology and is seen as one of the main drivers of conflicts with humans (Sha &amp; Hanya, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Sengupta, Widayati &amp; Tsuji, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Furthermore, provisioning can promote disease transmission between species and enhance human-directed aggression by monkeys (Fuentes &amp; Gamerl, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;; Maréchal &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). In addition, provisioning can have far-reaching consequences, particularly when it occurs along highways. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have become a growing issue in Indonesia; however, the extent to which roadside provisioning affects RTAs has not been reported. In this article, I give a wider understanding of the significant impact of roadside provisioning monkeys (Long-tailed macaques &lt;i&gt;Macaca fascicularis&lt;/i&gt;) in Gunung Meru, West Sumatra, Indonesia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recognized as a famous monkey site, Gunung Meru (hereafter: GM) is visited by at least one thousand tourists every month (Ilham, Nurdin &amp; Rizaldi, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Provisioning is a major tourist attraction because people want to interact closely with the monkeys (Fig. 1a). Occasional road accidents, because of monkey provisioning, have been previously observed, but now seem to be increasing. My short observation in April 2022 documented 16 RTAs involving 13 individuals of monkeys. Of these, three monkeys were killed, and the other 10 were seriously injured. The RTAs occurred when the monkeys crossed the road to obtain food from the coming visitors. Most accidents were caused by motorcycles, three cases by cars, and one involved a bus/truck. Nearly, all monkeys hit by a car or a truck were killed instantly. Meanwhile, two people were seriously injured after colliding with a monkey and falling off their motorcycle. I also recorded three visitors being badly injured when hit by passing vehicles while feeding the monkeys. This was most likely to happen when people tried to avoid aggressive monkeys by running/moving to the roadside. RTAs often occur in the evening following the peak hours of tourist visitation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;My data suggest that RTAs at GM have become a serious risk to both people and monkeys. It is a major cause of mortality for the monkeys at this site, while potentially affecting visitor safety. The combination of large numbers of tourist visitations at a particular time during the day, their behavior interacting with the monkeys, and swiftly moving vehicles are resulting in fatal injuries for both people and monkeys. The foremost factor affecting this phenomenon is the lack of s","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"146-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and environmental insights and conservation challenges for two hybridizing iconic crocodile species across Mexico: Crocodylus acutus and C. moreletii","authors":"M. Suárez-Atilano,&nbsp;G. Pacheco-Sierra,&nbsp;E. Vázquez-Domínguez,&nbsp;J. M. Kass,&nbsp;A. Paz,&nbsp;J. Pérez-Alquicira","doi":"10.1111/acv.12907","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12907","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybridization is of key relevance for conservation of wild species, and yet it is still one of the most controversial issues in conservation. Identifying historical and contemporary factors promoting the formation and maintenance of hybrids is crucial for the management of endangered species, as well as characterizing the environmental factors and patterns of habitat use among parental species and their hybrids. Crocodiles are a conservation priority group since all 23 species recognized worldwide are in a protected category and hybridization occurs between many of their species, particularly between <i>Crocodylus acutus</i> and <i>C. moreletii</i>. Their hybridization system encompasses a geographically extensive hybrid zone, where two distinct hybrids and two <i>C. acutus</i> lineages have diverged and only a few geographically isolated populations of both parental species remain. We used a combined approach of genome-wide sequencing and ecological niche modeling to discern the geographic and temporal patterns of introgression, migration, and demography, and to assess the ecological niches of the distinct lineages. Our approach enabled us to determine the spatial and temporal components of the divergence and admixture events of hybrids and non-admixed lineages, to describe the environmental characteristics and geographic extent of areas of sympatry, and to confirm human-mediated hybridization events. Our findings also showed overall distinct ranges and ecological niches among lineages, where hybrids presented a different set of environmental requirements from both parental species. This approach can be readily applied to different taxa and ecological contexts, providing species information on genetics and the environment with direct conservation relevance. We additionally describe the various conservation challenges that <i>C. acutus</i> and <i>C. moreletii</i> currently face, highlighting that these distinct crocodile species and hybrid lineages warrant recognition and need urgent conservation effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"308-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond overlap: considering habitat preference and fitness outcomes in the umbrella species concept","authors":"J. D. Carlisle,&nbsp;K. T. Smith,&nbsp;J. L. Beck,&nbsp;M. A. Murphy,&nbsp;A. D. Chalfoun","doi":"10.1111/acv.12899","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Umbrella species and other surrogate species approaches to conservation provide an appealing framework to extend the reach of conservation efforts beyond single species. For the umbrella species concept to be effective, populations of multiple species of concern must persist in areas protected on behalf of the umbrella species. Most assessments of the concept, however, focus exclusively on geographic overlap among umbrella and background species, and not measures that affect population persistence (e.g. habitat quality or fitness). We quantified the congruence between the habitat preferences and nesting success of a high-profile umbrella species (greater sage-grouse, <i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>, hereafter ‘sage-grouse’), and three sympatric species of declining songbirds (Brewer's sparrow <i>Spizella breweri</i>, sage thrasher <i>Oreoscoptes montanus</i> and vesper sparrow <i>Pooecetes gramineus</i>) in central Wyoming, USA during 2012–2013. We used machine-learning methods to create data-driven predictions of sage-grouse nest-site selection and nest survival probabilities by modeling field-collected sage-grouse data relative to habitat attributes. We then used field-collected songbird data to assess whether high-quality sites for songbirds aligned with those of sage-grouse. Nest sites selected by songbirds did not coincide with sage-grouse nesting preferences, with the exception that Brewer's sparrows preferred similar nest sites to sage-grouse in 2012. Moreover, the areas that produced higher rates of songbird nest survival were unrelated to those for sage-grouse. Our findings suggest that management actions at local scales that prioritize sage-grouse nesting habitat will not necessarily enhance the reproductive success of sagebrush-associated songbirds. Measures implemented to conserve sage-grouse and other purported umbrella species at broad spatial scales likely overlap the distribution of many species, however, broad-scale overlap may not translate to fine-scale conservation benefit beyond the umbrella species itself. The maintenance of microhabitat heterogeneity important for a diversity of species of concern will be critical for a more holistic application of the umbrella species concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"212-225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blind shots: non-natural mortality counteracts conservation efforts of a threatened waterbird","authors":"J. M. Pérez-García,&nbsp;E. Sebastián-González,&nbsp;R. Rodríguez-Caro,&nbsp;A. Sanz-Aguilar,&nbsp;F. Botella","doi":"10.1111/acv.12906","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12906","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waterbirds are particularly affected by the high hunting pressure they face in many regions, which in some cases is compromising conservation actions for threatened species. The marbled teal <i>Marmaronetta angustirostris</i> is one of the most endangered waterbirds in Europe. In order to restore its population, several conservation actions have recently been undertaken, including a population reinforcement programme in Spain using captive-bred birds. With the aim of assessing the success of the reinforcement programme to establish a long-term self-sustaining population, we identified mortality causes of marbled teal, evaluated the survival of individual birds of the reinforcement programme and estimated the viability of the population under different management scenarios. We used data from wild and captive-bred individuals tracked by GPS since 2018 (<i>n</i> = 42) and from a mark–recapture programme initiated in 2015 (<i>n</i> = 297). We recovered 15 dead birds or transmitters: 20% died of natural causes, 60% of non-natural causes (including all anthropic causes) and 20% of unknown causes. Furthermore, the GPS tags of 24 birds unexpectedly stopped transmitting without any indication of malfunction, and for 66.7% of these disappeared birds, the cessation was suspected to be caused by illegal shooting. Survival during the hunting season was higher for males (31.3%) than for females (12.5%), and for the wild (50%) than for the captive-bred birds (9.4%), probably due to differences in migration patterns to North Africa. Population viability models revealed that maintaining the breeding population at the current mortality rates is only possible with a permanent release programme of captive-bred individuals, and that in order to establish a self-sustaining population, non-natural mortality would have to be reduced by at least 40%. We recommend management measures to reduce marbled teal mortality, such as limiting legal hunting to hours with clear visibility, prosecuting illegal shootings, controlling exotic predators and improving water management to reduce disease outbreaks. Some improvements can be implemented in captive-breeding programmes, such as earlier release times and incorporating anti-predator training.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"293-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44705855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will the new Chinese National Parks system save the world's rarest primate, the Hainan gibbon?","authors":"Y. Wengel,&nbsp;L. Ma,&nbsp;L. Han","doi":"10.1111/acv.12902","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12902","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Protection of species and conservation of biological resources are increasingly gaining attention in the global community, as ensuring ecological security and sustainable development, alongside the UN Sustainable Development Goals 14 and 15, is crucial to the survival of our civilisation (Barnosky &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). Designating land as protected areas is imperative for nature protection and worldwide biodiversity conservation (Brooks, Da Fonseca, &amp; Rodrigues, &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). Although nature protection has deep roots in China, its management is fragmented in the existing protected areas system (Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). As a result, the multi-sector management approach leads to conflict between conservation efforts, sustainable community livelihoods and tourism development (Li &amp; Wang, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, historically nature in China has been seen predominantly as utilitarian, hence open for exploitation, for example, for traditional medicines, food, hunting and trade (Harris, &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;). Nevertheless, culture and conservation are not fixed concepts, and approaches to conservation vary worldwide. To address the challenges mentioned above and to strengthen environmental protection and the Chinese Communist Party's goal of achieving an ecological civilisation, the government initiated a pilot national park system according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) standard, which aims to become the largest in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Establishing a Chinese pilot national park system was officially put forward in the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Party in 2013. Complying with the initiatives of IUCN (specifically, protecting biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of biological resources), ten pilot national park projects were established nationwide in 2019. In 2021, the first five national parks were announced to the public, including Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (HTRNP), Sanjiangyuan National Park, Giant Panda National Park, Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and Wuyi Mountain National Park. The public announcement of the first national parks shows that authorities have conducted general policies prioritising biodiversity conservation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (海南热带雨林国家公园; HTRNP) is the most concentrated, largest contiguous and well-preserved tropical rain forest in China. The national park is located in China's southernmost province, Hainan, and covers 4,403 square kilometres, accounting for 13% of the province's total area (Li &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). HTRNP comprises 19 nature reserves and is home to many protected species, including the endemic Hainan gibbon (&lt;i&gt;Nomascus hainanus&lt;/i&gt;), the world's rarest primate and mammal (Baillie &amp; Butcher, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;IUCN listed the Hainan gibbon as a critically endangered speci","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do landscape and life history traits contribute to the threat context of Brazilian primates?","authors":"A. L. L. Matte,&nbsp;G. Buss,&nbsp;M. Fialho,&nbsp;F. G. Becker,&nbsp;L. Jerusalinsky,&nbsp;J. C. de Lacerda,&nbsp;P. J. P. Santos,&nbsp;B. Bezerra","doi":"10.1111/acv.12904","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12904","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brazilian primates differ regarding landscape characteristics within their ranges (e.g. habitat availability) and life-history traits (e.g. body size). These landscape and life history attributes may be related to extinction risk. Here, we verified how such attributes correlate with primate threat categories. We considered 124 Brazilian primates based on the 2014 Brazilian list of threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) and non-threatened (Least Concern and Near Threatened) species. We then characterized their landscape (i.e. habitat availability, habitat loss and fragmentation, indigenous lands, roads, urban areas, deforestation arch) and life-history attributes (i.e. body weight, gestation length and generation time), which together make up the threat context for each threat category. We compared threat categories to identify differences in such attributes, considering biome (Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Caatinga and Cerrado) as a factor and testing for phylogenetic effect. We investigated the attributes responsible for group characterization for specific threats and binary threatened/non-threatened categories. We show that life history and landscape attributes differ in the biomes. However, only landscape features varied across biomes. In the Amazon, the threatened categories reached the highest level of habitat loss in the last 30 years, while in the Atlantic Forest, the landscape of threatened species had the highest proportions of roads and urban areas. Most threatened species landscapes in the Caatinga and Cerrado were highly fragmented. We found a positive link between human impacts and extinction risk in the Amazon. In the other biomes, anthropogenic landscape characteristics were associated with threatened and non-threatened species. Threatened species tended to have large bodies and a slow life history, regardless of the biome. The more closely related the species, the more similar the traits. We suggest considering biomes and threat categories together with specific landscape and life history attributes to distinguish primate threat context for species conservation priority-setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"267-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46929001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic evidence that development is not compatible with sustainability in semi-urban freshwater turtles","authors":"A.-C. Auge,&nbsp;G. Blouin-Demers,&nbsp;C. T. Hasler,&nbsp;D. L. Murray","doi":"10.1111/acv.12903","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12903","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Balancing urban development with environmental sustainability is a major challenge that is increasingly recognized in planning decisions. Urban development proposals are often approved with the expectation that deleterious impacts on native species will be constrained, but this assumption is rarely tested over sufficient timelines to confirm its validity for long-lived, at-risk species. We tracked changes in Blanding's turtle (<i>Emydoidea blandingii</i>) habitat availability and demography over 10 years near Ottawa, ON, Canada, to determine whether urban development and associated mitigation measures were sufficient to ensure long-term population persistence. Suitable turtle habitat declined by 10% during the study, and wetland corridors were essentially lost. Habitat loss coincided with a marked reduction in adult turtle apparent survival, resulting in a 70% decline in population size. Adult females experienced the greatest decline, and despite wildlife fencing and culvert placement as conditions of project approval, turtle road mortality likely was the primary cause of the decline. Deterministic population viability analysis revealed that ~4 adult female road mortalities (of an initial 56 females) per year produced a comparable decline to that observed in our population estimates; at this rate, the population will likely breach its quasi-extinction threshold (4 females) in under a decade. Accordingly, we infer that in our study area, approved urban development was not compatible with at-risk turtle population viability. Our findings imply that urban development approval conditions, even when conducted in the context of seemingly robust species-at-risk protection, can be inadequate to ensure sustainability. We contend that if environmental sustainability is to be prioritized, urban development projects in areas occupied by at-risk species must be subject to more stringent oversight during the planning, approval and implementation phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"253-266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}