Animal Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Socioeconomic changes influence hunter behavior in the northern periphery of Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon","authors":"J. K. Kuenbou,&nbsp;N. Tagg,&nbsp;D. M. Khan,&nbsp;S. Speelman,&nbsp;J. Willie","doi":"10.1111/acv.12916","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12916","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hunter is the key actor in unsustainable hunting of bushmeat in African forests and his behavior is driven by socioeconomic factors among others. However, not much is known about the effectiveness of incentive-based conservation actions providing socioeconomic benefits to reduce hunting. This study, therefore, examined how changes in the socioeconomic situation of hunters brought about by reciprocal environmental agreements affects their hunting behavior. During a project implemented near the Dja Faunal Reserve (Cameroon), we recorded changes in socioeconomic characteristics of hunters for 15 months spanning 3 years. Bushmeat offtake and hunting effort parameters were also recorded. Comparisons of the evolution of these parameters over the years were made between hunters who signed the agreements and those who did not. We found that signatory hunters were older and had larger households than non-signatories, and they earned more income from cocoa sales. Although both groups of hunters had similar characteristics regarding hunting behavior at the start of the project, signatory hunters harvested less bushmeat at the end of project. More time was spent in hunting by non-signatory hunters compared to signatories who hunted less at the end of our monitoring period. Signatory hunters hunted less with firearms than non-signatories, and they consumed more and sold less of their catches compared to non-signatories. This study underlines the importance of reciprocal environmental agreements as an incentive-based conservation scheme that can reduce hunting pressure. These findings show that economic incentives provided to individuals through reciprocal environment agreements can promote livelihood paradigm shifts, alleviating poverty, decreasing dependence on natural resources and benefiting animal conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 4","pages":"437-448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don't leave them alone! “Citizen managers” can make the difference in Italy's Kentish plover conservation","authors":"C. Battisti,&nbsp;S. Gippoliti","doi":"10.1111/acv.12914","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12914","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The Kentish plover (&lt;i&gt;Charadrius alexandrinus&lt;/i&gt;) has been in steep decline in recent years in southern Europe (147/2007 “Birds” EU Directive; Montalvo &amp; Figuerola, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Vidal &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Along the Italian coasts, this bird is highly vulnerable when it breeds on sandy dunes, conflicting with beach-related tourism and related threats (dogs and synanthropic predators, trapping by fishing lines, dune trampling, mechanical cleaning of beaches: Pietrelli &amp; Biondi, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Battisti, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Battisti &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Further threats have emerged in recent years: for example, in Italy, a series of big musical events have been launched since 2019 (https://www.lanazione.it/viareggio/spettacoli/jovanotti-tour-2019-1.4331111): these concerts impacted on dunes with implications for Kentish plovers' conservation (Battisti, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To mitigate these threats, and halt the decline of this species in Italy (&lt;600 breeding pairs; BirdLife Italy, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), scientists recently published reports on reliable field sampling protocols (Imperio, Nardelli, &amp; Serra, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) and a focus group update periodic reports on the (dramatic) trends at the national scale (https://comitatofratino.org/).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, at local scale, many volunteers, heterogeneous in terms of background and skills (e.g., citizens, stakeholders, local associations, staff of protected areas) act autonomously to protect nests, implementing simple but effective actions and often develop creative solutions (e.g., Borgo &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). In some cases, behind these groups lie expert ornithologists with the skills, budgets, and professional operators that allow for the launch of local projects (Mencarelli &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Battisti &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). However, in many other cases, citizens organize themselves with great enthusiasm but scanty support from scientists, encountering hard conflicts with beach users (dog owners, bathers, and fishermen; Pierobon, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Unfortunately, they are also witnesses to the continuous loss of nests and chicks (e.g., Galasso &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Social media host many examples of these failures (e.g., https://www.ekuonews.it/18/05/2022/foto-vandalismo-nelle-aree-del-fratino-la-denuncia-delle-guide-del-borsacchio/).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, a dramatic “divide” emerges between strategies promoted by scientists at the national level, and “tactical” circumstances experienced by local groups in operational beach front lines, often lacking resources, training, and coordination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Certainly, citizens who act independently have many weaknesses (e.g., lack of skill, few resources, adopting a naïve and emotional approach). However, they also have many strengths: they operate in large numbers and are widespread, highly motivated, and with a lot of time available for rapid an","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"281-282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing abundance estimates of a cryptic carnivore in southern Patagonia using two experimental methods","authors":"L. M. Elbroch,&nbsp;S. H. Williams,&nbsp;O. Ohrens,&nbsp;K. Pilgrim,&nbsp;A. Moeller,&nbsp;S. Arroyo-Arce,&nbsp;M. Parker,&nbsp;D. Goic,&nbsp;H. Robinson,&nbsp;M. K. Schwartz","doi":"10.1111/acv.12915","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12915","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining the abundance of cryptic carnivores is central to building successful conservation management to mitigate conflicts and support coexistence strategies. For these reasons, there is considerable investment in developing reliable, cost-effective tools for estimating the abundance of wildlife. Nevertheless, field-based comparisons of abundance methods remain uncommon, even while essential to refining methods and coming to consensus around best practices. Here, we compare two approaches still being tested in real-world application for an emblematic puma (<i>Puma concolor</i>) population in the Torres del Paine UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in southern Chile: (1) the unmarked estimator, space-to-event model (STE), which utilizes photographs gathered with camera traps, and (2) the genotype spatial partial identity model (gSPIM), which is an adaptation of the more established spatially explicit genetic capture-recapture method (SECR) based on genetic data extracted from scats collected in systematic surveys. We show the tremendous variation in resulting STE estimates depending upon the start time of the analysis and length of the sampling window, and showcase a refined iterative sampling approach in a Bayesian framework to both utilize the full camera data and to stabilize density estimates for a given sampling window. Across all sampling, estimates from the STE model ranged from 3.19 (1.6–5.1 representing 10th and 90th percentile of credible intervals) to 7.38 (3.3–11.6) independent pumas 100 km⁻². By comparison, our gSPIM model estimated 5.1 independent pumas 100 km⁻² (excluding kittens) (with credible intervals of 2.2–10.3). Neither method was compared with any known density to determine their accuracy. Nevertheless, we provide initial density estimates to guide conservation strategies for wildlife agencies and local communities overseeing and hosting nascent puma tourism and livestock ranching, as well as guidelines for the use of these methods for any wildlife species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and diversity of avian malaria parasites in illegally traded white-winged parakeets in Peruvian Amazonas","authors":"A. Marzal,&nbsp;S. Magallanes,&nbsp;T. Salas-Rengifo,&nbsp;J. Muriel,&nbsp;C. Navarro,&nbsp;D. Vecco,&nbsp;C. Guerra-Saldaña,&nbsp;L. Mendo,&nbsp;V. Paredes,&nbsp;M. González-Blázquez,&nbsp;L. García-Longoria,&nbsp;A. Díez-Fernández","doi":"10.1111/acv.12913","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Illegal or poorly regulated wildlife trade may enhance parasite spread worldwide, leading to pathogen outbreaks and the emergence of diseases affecting native wildlife, domestic animals and humans. The order Psittaciformes has the largest proportion of endangered species among all birds worldwide and is one of the most trafficked taxa in the pet trade. However, despite the large number of parrot species commercialized worldwide, the influence of illegally traded wild birds on the introduction of exotic pathogens is still poorly investigated. Here we molecularly examined the prevalence and genetic diversity of haemosporidian parasites in illegally traded white-winged parakeets (<i>Brotogeris versicolurus</i>), one of the most trafficked parrots in South America. We found that 18.5% of parakeets harboured <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> GRW04, a highly invasive malaria parasite provoking population decline and even extinctions in native avifauna when established outside its natural range. We also showed that malaria infected birds have lower body condition than uninfected parakeets, revealing the negative effects of malaria on their avian hosts. These outcomes highlight the risk of malaria spill over and disease outbreak in illegally traded wildlife. Our results also reveal epidemiological key concepts in disease transmission, such as the role of poorly studied parrot species as natural reservoir hosts of haemosporidians. These findings stress the importance of enforcing health control regulations and trade policies to fight wildlife trafficking effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"364-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement ecology of endangered caribou during a COVID-19 mediated pause in winter recreation","authors":"R. Gill,&nbsp;R. Serrouya,&nbsp;A. M. Calvert,&nbsp;A. Ford,&nbsp;R. Steenweg,&nbsp;M. J. Noonan","doi":"10.1111/acv.12912","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12912","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The long-term conservation of species at risk relies on numerous, and often concurrent, management actions to support their recovery. Generally, these actions are habitat-based while others are focused on a species' position within its ecological community. Less studied are the impacts from human presence, despite evidence that human activity may reduce the area functionally available for occupancy or resource acquisition. In the winter of 2020/2021, COVID-19-related travel restrictions led to a reduction in helicopter-assisted back-country skiing (heli-skiing). We examined how these reductions in heli-skiing (termed the anthropause) affected the movement ecology and resource selection of southern mountain caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus caribou</i>) as compared to two prior years (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) and the following year when heli-skiing resumed (2021/2022). We found that home-range size was on average 80–120% larger during the anthropause than in years of normal heli-ski operations. Movement rates also varied among periods, with movement during the anthropause (11.9 km²/day) being higher than in 2019/2020 (7.8 km²/day) and 2021/2022 (8.7 km²/day), though similar to 2018/2019 (12.2 km²/day). Resource selection among periods did not differ, with caribou consistently selecting old forests, high elevations and gentle terrain. These results suggest that back-country recreation, specifically heli-skiing, may be limiting access to resources for southern mountain caribou. This limitation arises through reduced home-range size within suitable late-winter habitat, relative to when heli-skiing is reduced or not occurring – consistent with Encounter Theory. While the demographic effects of reduced home-range size and movement were not examined here, reduced access to resources likely compounds other stressors known to affect population viability of caribou. The results of this study demonstrate the impact that recreation can have on wildlife and highlight the need to consider heli-skiing and other forms of recreation when developing recovery plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"350-363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying demographic and environmental drivers of population dynamics and viability in an endangered top predator using an integrated model","authors":"A. J. Warlick,&nbsp;G. K. Himes Boor,&nbsp;T. L. McGuire,&nbsp;K. E.W. Shelden,&nbsp;E. K. Jacobson,&nbsp;C. Boyd,&nbsp;P. R. Wade,&nbsp;A. E. Punt,&nbsp;S. J. Converse","doi":"10.1111/acv.12905","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12905","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge about the demographic and environmental factors underlying population dynamics is fundamental to designing effective conservation measures to recover depleted wildlife populations. However, sparse monitoring data or persistent knowledge gaps about threats make it difficult to identify the drivers of population dynamics. In situations where small, declining, or depleted populations show continued evidence of decline for unknown reasons, integrated population models can make efficient use of available data to improve our understanding of demography, provide fundamental insights into factors that may be limiting recovery, and support conservation decisions. We used mark-resight and aerial survey data from 2004 to 2018 to build a Bayesian integrated population model for the Cook Inlet population of beluga whales (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>), which is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We examined the effects of prey availability and oceanographic conditions on beluga vital rates and conducted a population viability analysis to predict extinction risk across a range of hypothetical changes in beluga survival and reproduction. Our results indicated that while the survival of breeding females (0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99) and young calves (0.92; 0.80–0.98) was relatively high, the survival of nonbreeders (0.94; 0.91–0.97) and fecundity (0.28; 0.22–0.36) may be depressed. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the population will likely continue to decline, with a 17–32% probability of extinction in 150 years. Our model highlights the utility of integrated population modeling for maximizing the usefulness of available data and identifying factors contributing to the failure of protected populations to recover. This framework can be used to evaluate proposed conservation and recovery efforts for this and other endangered species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"240-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predominant prevalence of Ranavirus in southern Brazil, a region with widespread occurrence of the amphibian chytrid","authors":"J. Ruggeri,&nbsp;M. R. Pontes,&nbsp;L. P. Ribeiro,&nbsp;K. L. Gendreau,&nbsp;R. L. M. Sousa,&nbsp;L. F. Toledo","doi":"10.1111/acv.12911","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12911","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emerging infectious diseases are a major cause of amphibian declines worldwide. Two of these diseases are amphibian chytridiomycosis caused by the chytrid fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (Bd) and a viral disease caused by different ranaviruses (Rv). Whereas Bd is known to be widespread in Brazil, Rv was only recently detected in natural habitats. We therefore investigated the co-occurrence of Bd and Rv in wild tadpoles in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest from 21 ponds. Because infection by Bd might cause immune suppression in the host, we hypothesized that tadpoles infected with Bd would be more prone to infection with Rv than Bd-free individuals, hence presenting higher Rv loads. Surprisingly, co-infection was rare (less than 6% of the sampled specimens), and we did not find evidence that Bd would facilitate Rv infection. On the other hand, we detected Rv in 38% of tadpoles (125 out of 324), representing twice the prevalence of Bd in the same populations. We tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on infection by each pathogen on tadpoles, and we detected a positive relationship between forest cover and infection by Rv, whereas no relationship was found for Bd infection. Based on the putatively low rate of co-infection and high prevalence of Rv in wild anuran populations, we advocate for the inclusion of Rv screening and monitoring in addition to Bd in conservation-oriented amphibian surveys. Only surveying both diseases will provide a complete picture of amphibian disease-related declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"338-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental suitability and potential range expansion of the Eurasian beaver in Italy","authors":"Mattia Falaschi,&nbsp;Gentile Francesco Ficetola,&nbsp;Andrea Viviano,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mazza,&nbsp;Emiliano Mori","doi":"10.1111/acv.12910","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12910","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reintroduction and rewilding initiatives are key strategies to reverse human impacts on ecosystems and re-establish natural processes. However, rewilding may involve complex management scenarios, because many expanding species can have economic impacts and cause human–wildlife conflicts. Conflicts can be particularly challenging when carnivores, large herbivores and ecosystem engineers are involved. The Eurasian beaver (<i>Castor fiber</i>) is a key ecosystem engineer that was once present in a large part of the Palearctic, but in Medieval times underwent a severe decline due to the joint effects of habitat loss and hunting. Subsequent legal protection and reintroductions triggered the recovery of the species through most of its original range. Eurasian beavers recently started the recolonization of Italy, because of the joint effects of natural dispersal (from Austria to northern Italy) and illegal reintroductions (central Italy). The lack of data on the most likely colonization routes hampers appropriate management of this species. Here, we identified the areas where beaver populations are most likely to arrive in the near future within Europe, with a specific focus on Italy. First, we developed spatially cross-validated species distribution models to identify the areas with the highest suitability for the Eurasian beaver in Europe. Second, we used connectivity modelling to assess the possible expansion routes of this species in Italy. Large areas of Europe are suitable for the beaver and may soon be colonized. The connectivity model showed a high potential for expansion from central Italy to surrounding areas, while the high isolation of northern Italy populations suggests a slower expansion. Our results can help environmental managers to understand where to focus both the future monitoring of beaver populations and actions aimed at preventing and mitigating possible human–wildlife conflicts that could arise from the expansion of an environmental engineer such as the beaver.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"324-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roadside provisioning threatens both humans and monkeys","authors":"Kurnia Ilham","doi":"10.1111/acv.12909","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12909","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the past 10 years, the number of unmanaged or incidental provisioned monkey sites has significantly increased in Asian countries, including Indonesia. Provisioning generally takes place at the roadside (Ilham, per obs. 2018; Riley, Shaffer &amp; Trinidad, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), and researchers have highlighted the risks associated with provisioning monkeys. For example, food provisioning can change monkeys’ demography, behavior and ecology and is seen as one of the main drivers of conflicts with humans (Sha &amp; Hanya, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Sengupta, Widayati &amp; Tsuji, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Furthermore, provisioning can promote disease transmission between species and enhance human-directed aggression by monkeys (Fuentes &amp; Gamerl, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;; Maréchal &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). In addition, provisioning can have far-reaching consequences, particularly when it occurs along highways. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have become a growing issue in Indonesia; however, the extent to which roadside provisioning affects RTAs has not been reported. In this article, I give a wider understanding of the significant impact of roadside provisioning monkeys (Long-tailed macaques &lt;i&gt;Macaca fascicularis&lt;/i&gt;) in Gunung Meru, West Sumatra, Indonesia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recognized as a famous monkey site, Gunung Meru (hereafter: GM) is visited by at least one thousand tourists every month (Ilham, Nurdin &amp; Rizaldi, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Provisioning is a major tourist attraction because people want to interact closely with the monkeys (Fig. 1a). Occasional road accidents, because of monkey provisioning, have been previously observed, but now seem to be increasing. My short observation in April 2022 documented 16 RTAs involving 13 individuals of monkeys. Of these, three monkeys were killed, and the other 10 were seriously injured. The RTAs occurred when the monkeys crossed the road to obtain food from the coming visitors. Most accidents were caused by motorcycles, three cases by cars, and one involved a bus/truck. Nearly, all monkeys hit by a car or a truck were killed instantly. Meanwhile, two people were seriously injured after colliding with a monkey and falling off their motorcycle. I also recorded three visitors being badly injured when hit by passing vehicles while feeding the monkeys. This was most likely to happen when people tried to avoid aggressive monkeys by running/moving to the roadside. RTAs often occur in the evening following the peak hours of tourist visitation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;My data suggest that RTAs at GM have become a serious risk to both people and monkeys. It is a major cause of mortality for the monkeys at this site, while potentially affecting visitor safety. The combination of large numbers of tourist visitations at a particular time during the day, their behavior interacting with the monkeys, and swiftly moving vehicles are resulting in fatal injuries for both people and monkeys. The foremost factor affecting this phenomenon is the lack of s","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 2","pages":"146-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and environmental insights and conservation challenges for two hybridizing iconic crocodile species across Mexico: Crocodylus acutus and C. moreletii","authors":"M. Suárez-Atilano,&nbsp;G. Pacheco-Sierra,&nbsp;E. Vázquez-Domínguez,&nbsp;J. M. Kass,&nbsp;A. Paz,&nbsp;J. Pérez-Alquicira","doi":"10.1111/acv.12907","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12907","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybridization is of key relevance for conservation of wild species, and yet it is still one of the most controversial issues in conservation. Identifying historical and contemporary factors promoting the formation and maintenance of hybrids is crucial for the management of endangered species, as well as characterizing the environmental factors and patterns of habitat use among parental species and their hybrids. Crocodiles are a conservation priority group since all 23 species recognized worldwide are in a protected category and hybridization occurs between many of their species, particularly between <i>Crocodylus acutus</i> and <i>C. moreletii</i>. Their hybridization system encompasses a geographically extensive hybrid zone, where two distinct hybrids and two <i>C. acutus</i> lineages have diverged and only a few geographically isolated populations of both parental species remain. We used a combined approach of genome-wide sequencing and ecological niche modeling to discern the geographic and temporal patterns of introgression, migration, and demography, and to assess the ecological niches of the distinct lineages. Our approach enabled us to determine the spatial and temporal components of the divergence and admixture events of hybrids and non-admixed lineages, to describe the environmental characteristics and geographic extent of areas of sympatry, and to confirm human-mediated hybridization events. Our findings also showed overall distinct ranges and ecological niches among lineages, where hybrids presented a different set of environmental requirements from both parental species. This approach can be readily applied to different taxa and ecological contexts, providing species information on genetics and the environment with direct conservation relevance. We additionally describe the various conservation challenges that <i>C. acutus</i> and <i>C. moreletii</i> currently face, highlighting that these distinct crocodile species and hybrid lineages warrant recognition and need urgent conservation effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 3","pages":"308-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}