Annals of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Drug overdose mortality rates among non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native individuals, 1999–2022","authors":"David T. Zhu ,&nbsp;Joseph Friedman ,&nbsp;Suzanne Tamang ,&nbsp;Joseph P. Gone","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine epidemiological trends in drug overdose deaths for non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals compared to White individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained data from the CDC WONDER database to examine crude drug overdose death rates per 100,000 among AIAN and White individuals from 1999–2022. Rates were further stratified by manner of death, sex, age, urbanization, Census region, state, and specific drug types.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1999–2022, drug overdose death rates for AIAN individuals increased from 3.17 (95 % CI, 2.48–4.00) to 40.73 (95 % CI, 38.19–43.27), representing a 12-fold increase; in contrast, rates rose by five-fold for White individuals. In 2022, methamphetamine was the leading driver of overdose death rates for AIAN individuals, at 31.39 (95 % CI, 29.16–33.62) per 100,000, followed by fentanyl, at 22.35 (95 % CI, 20.46–24.23) per 100,000. Geographical variations were notable, with the highest rates for AIAN individuals in large central metropolitan regions (53.54 per 100,000) and the Midwest (50.31 per 100,000). Rates were higher for AIAN than White individuals in 20 of the 21 states (95.2 %) included in our analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AIAN individuals are disproportionately impacted by the overdose crisis. Further efforts are needed to expand access to harm reduction-informed, culturally-competent health education, addiction treatment, and social services in the AIAN population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility of young adults born very preterm/very low birth weight: An individual participant data meta-analysis","authors":"Miranda Kit-Yi Wong ,&nbsp;Marina Mendonça ,&nbsp;Nicole Tsalacopoulos ,&nbsp;Peter Bartmann ,&nbsp;Brian A. Darlow ,&nbsp;L. John Horwood ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Harris ,&nbsp;Eero Kajantie ,&nbsp;Chiara Nosarti ,&nbsp;Marit S. Indredavik ,&nbsp;Kari Anne I. Evensen ,&nbsp;Katri Räikkönen ,&nbsp;Kati Heinonen ,&nbsp;Sylvia van der Pal ,&nbsp;Dieter Wolke","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess whether there are differences in fertility between adults born very preterm or at very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) with term-born controls, whether the association of VP/VLBW with fertility differs by sex, and which individual factors are associated with fertility among VP/VLBW adults.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective longitudinal cohorts with fertility assessed in VP/VLBW and term-born adults were identified from two international consortia: Research on European Children and Adults Born Preterm (RECAP-Preterm), and Adults Born Preterm International Collaboration (APIC). Individual participant data (IPD) on neonatal, medical, sociodemographic, and fertility variables were collected and analyzed using a one-stage approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven cohorts with 931 VP/VLBW and 1363 term-born young adults (mean ages at assessment ranged from 23 to 30 years) were included. VP/VLBW and term-born young adults did not significantly differ in fertility (i.e., having children) (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 0.99–2.21). No moderation effect of sex could be confirmed (OR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.53–1.42). Among VP/VLBW young adults, higher fertility was significantly associated with female sex, higher age at assessment, being married/cohabiting, the absence of childhood neurosensory impairment, and low levels of maternal and own education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VP/VLBW is not associated with lower fertility in young adults. Sex does not moderate this association. In addition to childhood neurosensory impairment, mainly sociodemographic factors (partnering, maternal and own education) are associated with fertility in VP/VLBW young adults. The evidence is limited so far to the early reproductive window in the 20 s, further follow-up into established adulthood will be required for definite answers on fertility after VP/VLBW birth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An equity audit on program completion among women with a history of gestational diabetes in a state-funded diabetes and cardiovascular risk reduction program","authors":"Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke ,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Boyle ,&nbsp;Rajshree Thapa ,&nbsp;Kristie Cocotis ,&nbsp;Carli Leishman ,&nbsp;Christopher Gilfillan ,&nbsp;Ahmed Reja ,&nbsp;Wubet Worku Takle ,&nbsp;Siew Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the completion of the type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke prevention program (the <em>Life!)</em> among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to participants’ characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from women with a history of GDM enrolled in the <em>Life!</em> program in Victoria, Australia, between 2014 and 2022 were analysed. Completion rates were assessed using the PROGRESS-Plus (Place of residence, Race/ethnicity/culture/language, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, and Social capital Plus age and smoking) framework. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2399 women with a history of GDM were enrolled in the program, of which 55 % completed it. Characteristics associated with higher completion rates included being from metropolitan areas (AOR = 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.14–2.01) compared with being from regional areas, having a body mass index in a normal range (AOR = 1.50, 95 % CI: 1.06–2.15) compared with having overweight or obesity, having middle income (AOR = 1.41, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.98) compared with having low- or high-income, and enrolment after 2019 (AOR = 2.3, 95 % CI:1.80–3.06) compared with enrolment in 2019 or earlier. Conversely, having a South or Central Asian background (AOR = 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.46–0.92) is associated with a lower completion rate compared with being from Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Characteristics associated with lower completion rates among women with prior GDM in a cardiometabolic risk reduction program included residing in rural and remote areas, having an elevated BMI (in the overweight or obesity range), low or high income, enrolment in 2019 or earlier and being of South or Central Asian background.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The next generation of regression standardization with the R package stdReg2","authors":"Michael C. Sachs ,&nbsp;Johan Sebastian Ohlendorff ,&nbsp;Adam Brand ,&nbsp;Arvid Sjölander ,&nbsp;Erin E. Gabriel","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regression standardization is a useful tool for performing causal inference in epidemiology. We have updated the R package stdReg to stdReg2 to be more user-friendly, flexible, and to include two new functionalities, a generalized linear model-based double-robust method and regression standardization for the restricted mean survival. The old package stdReg will continue to function, but new users may find the upgraded version easier to use. We highlight the improvements and implementation in this article. Keywords: average treatment effect, causal inference, regression standardization, statistical software.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of neural networks and regression-based approaches for estimating kidney function in pediatric chronic kidney disease: Practical predictive epidemiology for clinical management of a progressive disease","authors":"Derek K. Ng ,&nbsp;Ankur Patel ,&nbsp;George J. Schwartz ,&nbsp;Jesse C. Seegmiller ,&nbsp;Bradley A. Warady ,&nbsp;Susan L. Furth ,&nbsp;Christopher Cox ,&nbsp;for the CKiD study investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Clinical management of pediatric chronic kidney disease requires estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Currently, eGFR is determined by two endogenous markers measured in blood: serum creatine (SCr) and cystatin C (CysC). Machine learning methods show promise to potentially improve eGFR, but it is unclear if they can outperform regression-based approaches under clinical constraining requiring real time measurement and only two predictors. We constructed a neural network for eGFR (NNeGFR) and compared it to the clinical standard Under 25 (U25eGFR) equations using the same data for training and validation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The U25eGFR data comprised 1683 training and 843 validation observations that included iohexol measured GFR (mGFR), SCr and CysC. Sex-stratified feed forward NNs included the same predictors as U25eGFR (i.e., age, height/SCr, CysC) with additional nonlinear transformations. Performance was evaluated by bias (for calibration), proportions within 10 % and 30 % of mGFR (P₁₀ and P₃₀, for accuracy), root mean square error (RMSE, for precision) and R² (for discrimination).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NNeGFR performed comparably to the U25eGFR equations on all metrics. Biases were minimal, slightly favoring U25eGFR. NNeGFR and U25eGFR had similar P₁₀ (&gt;37 %), P₃₀ (&gt;86 %) and RMSE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NNeGFR performed as well as established equations to estimate GFR. Without additional biomarkers related to kidney function, which are not currently clinically available in real time, NN methods are unlikely to substantially outperform regression derived GFR estimating equations. Implications for translation of these advanced epidemiologic methods to clinical practice are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood deprivation and racial disparities in severe maternal morbidity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Xiao Yu ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Johnson ,&nbsp;Lee Anne Roman ,&nbsp;Kent Key ,&nbsp;Jonné McCoy White ,&nbsp;Hannah Bolder ,&nbsp;Cristian I. Meghea","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine whether racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity (SMM) increased across all neighborhoods or mainly in resource-deprived neighborhoods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used Michigan’s statewide linked databases from birth records and Medicaid claims between 01/01/2017 and 10/31/2021 (N = 214,406). Neighborhood deprivation was measured with Area Deprivation Index and categorized into tertiles. Multilevel logistic regressions with an interrupted time series approach were used to compare racial and ethnic disparities in SMM pre-pandemic (January 2017-February 2020) and during the pandemic (March 2020-October 2021) in low, medium, and high deprivation neighborhoods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Black-White disparity in the most deprived neighborhoods widened during the pandemic (adjusted risk ratio, aRR [95 % CI]: 1.72 [1.54, 1.92]; excess cases [95 % CI]: 201.7 [159.0, 244.5]) compared to pre-pandemic (aRR [95 % CI]: 1.23 [1.12, 1.35]; excess cases [95 % CI]: 75.4 [41.2, 109.5], <em>p</em> &lt; .001), but persisted (not widened) in the least and medium deprived neighborhoods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Widening racial and ethnic disparities in SMM during the pandemic were only observed in the most deprived neighborhoods, rather than being universally prevalent across neighborhood contexts. Community-engaged solutions are needed to improve neighborhood conditions and reduce maternal health inequities during times of crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between in-home environmental exposures and lung function in a safety net population of children with asthma using electronic health records and geospatial data","authors":"Matthew Bozigar ,&nbsp;Catherine L. Connolly ,&nbsp;Kimberly Vermeer ,&nbsp;Luis Carvalho ,&nbsp;Robyn T. Cohen ,&nbsp;Julianne N. Dugas ,&nbsp;Jonathan I. Levy ,&nbsp;Maria Patricia Fabian","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The effects of in-home environmental exposures (IHEEs) on asthma are challenging to examine in populations because information on asthma triggers is usually absent. We leveraged data from electronic health records (EHRs) to investigate the associations of residential cockroach and rodent exposures with lung function among children with asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We merged clinical pulmonary function test data from EHRs for children with asthma from a large safety net hospital in the Northeast United States with publicly available geospatial data matched to patient addresses. Predicted presence of key IHEE asthma triggers, cockroaches and rodents, were included as main exposures and housing parcel features and census tract characteristics were included as potential confounders in a sensitivity analysis. We fit latent Bayesian hierarchical models of percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁%).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population of 1070 children had a mean age of 10.2 years and 75 % identified as Black, many living in historically segregated neighborhoods. In models adjusted for individual characteristics, we observed 2.26 (95 % credible interval, 95 %CrI: − 3.72, − 0.79) and 2.58 (95 %CrI: − 4.54, − 0.66) percentage points (pp) lower FEV₁% from a one-unit increase in the log-odds of the probability of cockroach and rodent presence, respectively. The association with lung function increased in magnitude for cockroach exposure but attenuated for rodent exposure in sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IHEEs were associated with worse lung function among children with asthma in a safety net population. The observed associations underscore how injustices in housing and neighborhood characteristics contribute to asthma morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sectional Study Learning Module: Kim et al (2023), High prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among older adults in Tanzania: Results from a list experiment in a population-representative survey","authors":"Jeb Jones PhD, MPH, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Educational Engagement Modules (EEMs) are teaching materials for educators and students that facilitate a deeper understanding of key epidemiological methods and concepts. Each EEM poses a series of questions using a recently published paper in Annals to further understanding of a specific study design and to encourage critical thinking and careful evaluation. This EEM focuses on cross-sectional studies and references the following article: Kim HY, Rohr J, Leyna GH, Killewo J, Tomita A, Tanser F, Bärnighausen T. High prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among older adults in Tanzania: results from a list experiment in a population-representative survey. Ann Epidemiol. 2023 Aug;84:48–53. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.001. Epub 2023 May 16. PMID: 37201669; PMCID: PMC10524221 <span><span>[1]</span></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 80-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural and urban trends in HIV diagnoses and care outcomes among persons with HIV attributed to injection drug use in the U.S., 2016–2022","authors":"Barbara C. Keino PhD, MS ,&nbsp;Allison Thomson MPH ,&nbsp;Jianmin Li ,&nbsp;Kristen L. Hess PhD, MPH, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>An increase in injection drug use (IDU) has placed new populations at risk for HIV. Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of HIV diagnoses and care outcomes is crucial to identify gaps in care for people who inject drugs (PWID).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed CDC's National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) data from 2016 to 2022 to examine regional trends and rural-urban differences in linkage to HIV care within one month and viral suppression within six months of diagnosis among individuals aged 13 and older with HIV attributed to IDU. Rural-urban populations were defined using US Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service (USDA-ERS) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC), and trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2016–2022, HIV diagnoses attributed to IDU increased in large rural counties and small to medium urban counties but linkage to care and viral suppression remained unchanged in these areas. Conversely, diagnoses in large urban counties declined while linkage to care and viral suppression increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight disparities in HIV diagnoses, linkage to care, and viral suppression across rural and urban areas, emphasizing the need to address these gaps to improve care for PWID and inform public health policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of birthweight with all-cause and cause-specific premature mortality in the UK: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Shaohua Yin ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Yang ,&nbsp;Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Keyi Si","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We investigated the association between birthweight and all-cause and cause-specific premature mortality, and evaluated the effect modification by lifestyle factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study used data of participants aged 39–71 years from the UK Biobank in 2006–2010 and followed up till the end of 2022. Birthweight was classified into &lt; 1.0 kg, 1.0–&lt;1.5 kg, 1.5–&lt;2.5 kg, 2.5–&lt;4.0 kg, and ≥ 4.0 kg. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for premature mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 221 848 participants, there were 6336 premature deaths (2148 cardiovascular, 624 respiratory, 3040 cancers, 524 other causes). Birthweight was nonlinearly associated with risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality but the association was linear for respiratory and other-cause mortality. Compared to birthweight of 2.5–&lt;4.0 kg, birthweight&lt; 1.0 kg (aHR 1.36, 95 %CI 1.00–1.85) and ≥ 4.0 kg (1.10, 1.02–1.17) were associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality. A similar pattern was observed for cardiovascular mortality, with corresponding aHRs of 1.54 (1.02–2.49) and 1.16 (1.03–1.31) for birthweight of 2.5–&lt;4.0 kg, and ≥ 4.0 kg, respectively. Birthweight≥ 4.0 kg was associated with increased risk of cancer-related mortality (1.11, 1.00–1.22). The mortality risks did not differ significantly across lifestyle scores (all <em>P</em>-interaction&gt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both lower and higher birthweight were associated with increased risks of premature mortality from all causes and cardiovascular diseases, and higher birthweight was associated with increased risk of cancer-related mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}