{"title":"Biomaterials for Hemostasis.","authors":"Aryssa Simpson, Anita Shukla, Ashley C Brown","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-012521-101942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-012521-101942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncontrolled bleeding is a major problem in trauma and emergency medicine. While materials for trauma applications would certainly find utility in traditional surgical settings, the unique environment of emergency medicine introduces additional design considerations, including the need for materials that are easily deployed in austere environments. Ideally, these materials would be available off the shelf, could be easily transported, and would be able to be stored at room temperature for some amount of time. Both natural and synthetic materials have been explored for the development of hemostatic materials. This review article provides an overview of classes of materials used for topical hemostats and newer developments in the area of injectable hemostats for use in emergency medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"111-135"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9177659/pdf/nihms-1792778.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9578475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Delidakis, Jin Eyun Kim, Katia George, George Georgiou
{"title":"Improving Antibody Therapeutics by Manipulating the Fc Domain: Immunological and Structural Considerations.","authors":"George Delidakis, Jin Eyun Kim, Katia George, George Georgiou","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082721-024500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082721-024500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions between the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of antibodies and a plethora of cellular Fc receptors (FcRs) or soluble proteins form a critical link between humoral and innate immunity. In particular, the immunoglobulin G Fc domain is critical for the clearance of target cells by processes that include (<i>a</i>) cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, or complement lysis; (<i>b</i>) modulation of inflammation; (<i>c</i>) antigen presentation; (<i>d</i>) antibody-mediated receptor clustering; and (<i>e</i>) cytokine release. More than 30 Fc-engineered antibodies aimed primarily at tailoring these effects for optimal therapeutic outcomes are in clinical evaluation or have already been approved. Nonetheless, our understanding of how FcR engagement impacts various immune cell phenotypes is still largely incomplete. Recent insights into FcR biology coupled with advances in Fc:FcR structural analysis, Fc engineering, and mouse models that recapitulate human biology are helping to fill in existing knowledge gaps. These advances will provide a blueprint on how to fine-tune the Fc domain to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"249-274"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9648538/pdf/nihms-1844455.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technologies to Assess Drug Response and Heterogeneity in Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids.","authors":"Melissa C Skala, Dustin A Deming, Jeremy D Kratz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-123503","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-123503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) are organotypic 3D cultures grown from patient tumor samples. PDCOs provide an exciting opportunity to study drug response and heterogeneity within and between patients. This research can guide new drug development and inform clinical treatment planning. We review technologies to assess PDCO drug response and heterogeneity, discuss best practices for clinically relevant drug screens, and assert the importance of quantifying single-cell and organoid heterogeneity to characterize response. Autofluorescence imaging of PDCO growth and metabolic activity is highlighted as a compelling method to monitor single-cell and single-organoid response robustly and reproducibly. We also speculate on the future of PDCOs in clinical practice and drug discovery.Future development will require standardization of assessment methods for both morphology and function in PDCOs, increased throughput for new drug development, prospective validation with patient outcomes, and robust classification algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"157-177"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9177801/pdf/nihms-1802445.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10053517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garrett F Beeghly, Kwasi Y Amofa, Claudia Fischbach, Sanjay Kumar
{"title":"Regulation of Tumor Invasion by the Physical Microenvironment: Lessons from Breast and Brain Cancer.","authors":"Garrett F Beeghly, Kwasi Y Amofa, Claudia Fischbach, Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-115419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-115419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of anticancer therapies is often limited by heterogeneity within and between tumors. While much attention has been devoted to understanding the intrinsic molecular diversity of tumor cells, the surrounding tissue microenvironment is also highly complex and coevolves with tumor cells to drive clinical outcomes. Here, we propose that diverse types of solid tumors share common physical motifs that change in time and space, serving as universal regulators of malignancy. We use breast cancer and glioblastoma as instructive examples and highlight how invasion in both diseases is driven by the appropriation of structural guidance cues, contact-dependent heterotypic interactions with stromal cells, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure and flow. We discuss how engineering strategies show increasing value for measuring and modeling these physical propertiesfor mechanistic studies. Moreover, engineered systems offer great promise for developing and testing novel therapies that improve patient prognosis by normalizing the physical tumor microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"29-59"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9177572/pdf/nihms-1781704.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxuan Du, Praful Nair, Adrian Johnston, Pei-Hsun Wu, Denis Wirtz
{"title":"Cell Trafficking at the Intersection of the Tumor-Immune Compartments.","authors":"Wenxuan Du, Praful Nair, Adrian Johnston, Pei-Hsun Wu, Denis Wirtz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110320-110749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110320-110749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migration is an essential cellular process that regulates human organ development and homeostasis as well as disease initiation and progression. In cancer, immune and tumor cell migration is strongly associated with immune cell infiltration, immune escape, and tumor cell metastasis, which ultimately account for more than 90% of cancer deaths. The biophysics and molecular regulation of the migration of cancer and immune cells have been extensively studied separately. However, accumulating evidence indicates that, in the tumor microenvironment, the motilities of immune and cancer cells are highly interdependent via secreted factors such as cytokines and chemokines. Tumor and immune cells constantly express these soluble factors, which produce a tightly intertwined regulatory network for these cells' respective migration. A mechanistic understanding of the reciprocal regulation of soluble factor-mediated cell migration can provide critical information for the development of new biomarkers of tumor progression and of tumor response to immuno-oncological treatments. We review the biophysical andbiomolecular basis for the migration of immune and tumor cells and their associated reciprocal regulatory network. We also describe ongoing attempts to translate this knowledge into the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"275-305"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9811395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10476598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct Cardiac Compression Devices to Augment Heart Biomechanics and Function.","authors":"J. Bonnemain, P. D. del Nido, E. Roche","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-025309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-025309","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of end-stage heart failure has evolved substantially with advances in medical treatment, cardiac transplantation, and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices such as left ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts. However, current MCS devices are inherently blood contacting and can lead to potential complications including pump thrombosis, hemorrhage, stroke, and hemolysis. Attempts to address these issues and avoid blood contact led to the concept of compressing the failing heart from the epicardial surface and the design of direct cardiac compression (DCC) devices. We review the fundamental concepts related to DCC, present the foundational devices and recent devices in the research and commercialization stages, and discuss the milestones required for clinical translation and adoption of this technology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49031566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical Control of Cell Differentiation: Insights from the Early Embryo.","authors":"C. Nelson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052527","url":null,"abstract":"Differentiation is the process by which a cell activates the expression of tissue-specific genes, downregulates the expression of potency markers, and acquires the phenotypic characteristics of its mature fate. The signals that regulate differentiation include biochemical and mechanical factors within the surrounding microenvironment. We describe recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the mechanical control mechanisms that regulate differentiation, with a specific emphasis on the differentiation events that build the early mouse embryo. Engineering approaches to reproducibly mimic the mechanical regulation of differentiation will permit new insights into early development and applications in regenerative medicine. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46358603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivation and Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Microfluidic Devices.","authors":"C. Luni, O. Gagliano, N. Elvassore","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092021-042744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092021-042744","url":null,"abstract":"An integrative approach based on microfluidic design and stem cell biology enables capture of the spatial-temporal environmental evolution underpinning epigenetic remodeling and the morphogenetic process. We examine the body of literature that encompasses microfluidic applications where human induced pluripotent stem cells are derived starting from human somatic cells and where human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into different cell types. We focus on recent studies where the intrinsic features of microfluidics have been exploited to control the reprogramming and differentiation trajectory at the microscale, including the capability of manipulating the fluid velocity field, mass transport regime, and controllable composition within micro- to nanoliter volumes in space and time. We also discuss studies of emerging microfluidic technologies and applications. Finally, we critically discuss perspectives and challenges in the field and how these could be instrumental for bringing about significant biological advances in the field of stem cell engineering. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46237375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement.","authors":"R. Mukkamala, G. Stergiou, A. Avolio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-014644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-014644","url":null,"abstract":"Cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement has become a popular field due to clinical need and technological opportunity. However, no method has been broadly accepted hitherto. The objective of this review is to accelerate progress in the development and application of cuffless BP measurement methods. We begin by describing the principles of conventional BP measurement, outstanding hypertension/hypotension problems that could be addressed with cuffless methods, and recent technological advances, including smartphone proliferation and wearable sensing, that are driving the field. We then present all major cuffless methods under investigation, including their current evidence. Our presentation includes calibrated methods (i.e., pulse transit time, pulse wave analysis, and facial video processing) and uncalibrated methods (i.e., cuffless oscillometry, ultrasound, and volume control). The calibrated methods can offer convenience advantages, whereas the uncalibrated methods do not require periodic cuff device usage or demographic inputs. We conclude by summarizing the field and highlighting potentially useful future research directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43701137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regenerative Approaches for Chronic Wounds.","authors":"F. Berthiaume, H. Hsia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-010220-113008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-010220-113008","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic skin wounds are commonly found in older individuals who have impaired circulation due to diabetes or are immobilized due to physical disability. Chronic wounds pose a severe burden to the health-care system and are likely to become increasingly prevalent in aging populations. Various treatment approaches exist to help the healing process, although the healed tissue does not generally recapitulate intact skin but rather forms a scar that has inferior mechanical properties and that lacks appendages such as hair or sweat glands. This article describes new experimental avenues for attempting to improve the regenerative response of skin using biophysical techniques as well as biochemical methods, in some cases by trying to harness the potential of stem cells, either endogenous to the host or provided exogenously, to regenerate the skin. These approaches primarily address the local wound environment and should likely be combined with other modalities to address regional and systemic disease, as well as social determinants of health. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}