{"title":"Major Depression and Its Recurrences: Life Course Matters.","authors":"S. Monroe, K. Harkness","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-021440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-021440","url":null,"abstract":"Major depression is one of the most prevalent and debilitating personal and public health conditions worldwide. Less appreciated is that depression's tremendous burdens are not shared equally among all who become depressed. Some will suffer recurrences over the rest of their lives, whereas half or more will never have a recurrence. Based on these two distinctive life course prototypes, we propose a subtype distinction for research on the origins and lifetime course of major depression. A pressing goal is to determine at the time of depression's first onset who will follow which clinical trajectory. The lack of recognition of this distinction has resulted in many obstacles, including conceptual biases, methodological oversights, and definitional dead ends. Current theories are reviewed and compared. The implications for contemporary diagnostic controversies, reevaluating research on treatment and prevention, and enhancing the predictive strength of traditionally weak indicators of recurrences and recurrent depression are discussed. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46279890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Biopsychosocial Puzzle of Painful Sex.","authors":"M. Meana, Y. Binik","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-014549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-014549","url":null,"abstract":"Genital pain associated with sex is a prevalent and distressing problem with a complex research and clinical profile. This article reviews the historical context of the \"sexual pain disorders\" and the circuitous trajectory that has led from the first mention of painful sex in ancient documents to the latest diagnostic category of genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as well as in other existing and proposed nomenclatures. Prominent etiologic research and emergent theoretical models are critically assessed, as is the latest treatment outcome research of note. Finally, the review points to a number of extant needs in the research and clinical effort, including an integrated biopsychosocial and multidisciplinary approach, randomized clinical trials, targeting of treatment barriers, and expansion of the entire enterprise to include populations that have not been considered. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41825246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychosocial Treatments for Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Haley M. Brickman, M. Fristad","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-021237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-021237","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that adjunctive psychosocial intervention for the treatment of pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs) is effective, feasible, and highly accepted as both an acute and maintenance treatment for youth with BPSD diagnoses as well as a preventive treatment for high-risk youth who are either asymptomatic or exhibit subsyndromal mood symptoms. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of all known evidence-based interventions, including detailed descriptions of treatment targets and core components, results of clinical trials, and updated research on mediators and moderators of treatment efficacy. Treatments are presented systematically according to level of empirical support (i.e., well established, probably efficacious, possibly efficacious, experimental, or questionable); upcoming and ongoing trials are included when possible. In line with a staging approach, preventive interventions are presented separately. Recommendations for best practices based on age, stage, and additional evidence-based child and family factors shown to affect treatment outcomes are provided. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gee, K. DeYoung, K. McLaughlin, R. Tillman, D. Barch, E. Forbes, R. Krueger, T. Strauman, Mariann R Weierich, A. Shackman
{"title":"Training the Next Generation of Clinical Psychological Scientists: A Data-Driven Call to Action.","authors":"D. Gee, K. DeYoung, K. McLaughlin, R. Tillman, D. Barch, E. Forbes, R. Krueger, T. Strauman, Mariann R Weierich, A. Shackman","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/xq538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xq538","url":null,"abstract":"The central goal of clinical psychology is to reduce the suffering caused by mental health conditions. Anxiety, mood, psychosis, substance use, personality, and other mental disorders impose an immense burden on global public health and the economy. Tackling this burden will require the development and dissemination of intervention strategies that are more effective, sustainable, and equitable. Clinical psychology is uniquely poised to serve as a transdisciplinary hub for this work. But rising to this challenge requires an honest reckoning with the strengths and weaknesses of current training practices. Building on new data, we identify the most important challenges to training the next generation of clinical scientists. We provide specific recommendations for the full spectrum of stakeholders-from funders, accreditors, and universities to program directors, faculty, and students-with an emphasis on sustainable solutions that promote scientific rigor and discovery and enhance the mental health of clinical scientists and the public alike. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conduct Disorders and Empathy Development.","authors":"Paul J Frick, Emily C Kemp","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-105809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-105809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood conduct disorders, a serious mental health concern, put children at risk for significant mental health problems throughout development. Elevations on callous-unemotional (CU) traits designate a subgroup of youth with conduct disorders who have unique causal processes underlying their problem behavior and are at a particularly high risk for serious impairment relative to others with these disorders. As a result, these traits have recently been integrated into major diagnostic classification systems for conduct disorders. Given that CU traits are partly defined by deficits in empathy, we review research on empathy development in typically developing children and use this research to (<i>a</i>) advance theories on the specific emotional deficits that may be associated with CU traits, (<i>b</i>) explain the severe pattern of aggressive behavior displayed by children with elevated CU traits, and (<i>c</i>) suggest possible ways to enhance prevention and treatment for children with conduct disorders and elevated CU traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-105809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38685104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Neuroscience of Addiction: What Clinical Psychologists Need to Know and Why.","authors":"Lara A Ray, Erica N Grodin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-114309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-114309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last three decades in psychological research have been marked by interdisciplinary science. Addiction represents a prime example of a disorder marked by a complex interaction among psychosocial and biological factors. This review highlights critical findings in the basic neuroscience of addiction and translates them into clinical language that can inform clinical psychologists in their research, teaching, and practice. From mechanisms of reward processing, learning and memory, allostasis, incentive-sensitization, withdrawal, tolerance, goal-directed decision making, habit learning, genetics, inflammation, and the microbiome, the common theme of this review is to illustrate the clinical utility of basic neuroscience research and to identify opportunities for clinical science. The thoughtful integration of basic and clinical science provides a powerful tool to fulfill the scientific mission of improving health care. Clinical psychologists have a crucial role to play in the translational science of addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38774867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob A Burack, David W Evans, Natalie Russo, Jenilee-Sarah Napoleon, Karen J Goldman, Grace Iarocci
{"title":"Developmental Perspectives on the Study of Persons with Intellectual Disability.","authors":"Jacob A Burack, David W Evans, Natalie Russo, Jenilee-Sarah Napoleon, Karen J Goldman, Grace Iarocci","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-090532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-090532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental approaches provide inclusive, universal, and methodologically rigorous frameworks for studying persons with intellectual disability (ID). This is an exceptionally heterogeneous group with regard to etiology, genotype, and phenotype that simply shares the traditional diagnostic criteria, typically a score of two standard deviations below the population mean of 100 on standardized IQ tests and deficits in adaptive behavior. We trace the foundational, conceptual, and methodological roots of developmental approaches and highlight ways that these and more recent iterations continue to be central to advances in the increasingly nuanced study of persons with ID. This work is premised on the consideration of specific etiological groupings and subgroupings across and between different domains of functioning within the context of familial and complex environments throughout the life span. We highlight the potential contributions of advances in behavioral methodologies, genomics, and neuroscience when considered within universal and hierarchic frameworks based on development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25348860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing and Validating Clinical Questionnaires.","authors":"Anthony J Rosellini, Timothy A Brown","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-115343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-115343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coinciding with the development and revision of conceptual models of psychopathology, there has been a proliferation in the number of self-report clinical questionnaires and studies evaluating their psychometric properties. Unfortunately, many clinical measures are constructed and evaluated using suboptimal methods. This review provides current guidelines for the conceptualization, development, and psychometric validation of clinical questionnaires using latent variable methods. A two-stage exploratory-confirmatory framework is provided. The exploratory stage includes item selection and revision, initial structural evaluation, and preliminary tests of concurrent validity (e.g., convergent and discriminant). The confirmatory stage involves replicating factor structure using a more restrictive model, identifying areas of model strain, conducting additional tests of concurrent and predictive validity, and evaluating measurement invariance. Recommendations are provided for (<i>a</i>) item generation, (<i>b</i>) how to use different types of exploratory and confirmatory factor models to determine structure, and (<i>c</i>) evaluating reliability and validity using a latent variable measurement model approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25348861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning: Refocusing Personality Disorder on What It Means to Be Human.","authors":"Carla Sharp, Kiana Wall","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-105402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-105402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Level of Personality Functioning (LPF) represents the entry criterion (Criterion A) of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the fifth edition of the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (DSM-5). It is defined as a dimensional general severity criterion common to all personality disorders and conceptually independent of personality types or traits, and it represents maladaptive self (identity and self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy and intimacy) functioning. We review the history, measurement, and significance of LPF. We show that the inclusion of LPF in the AMPD is well justified if it is defined as a general adaptive failure of a subjective intrapsychic system needed to fulfill adult life tasks. If so defined, LPF distinguishes itself from maladaptive traits (Criterion B of the AMPD) and captures the contribution humans make as agentic authors to the interpretation and management of the self. While Criterion B maladaptive traits provide important descriptive nuance to manifestations of personality pathology, maladaptive LPF is conditional to the diagnosis of personality disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-105402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38712281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Eating Disorders.","authors":"W Stewart Agras, Cara Bohon","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-110907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-110907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research findings strongly suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy for the eating disorders (CBT-ED) is more effective than other treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and for binge eating disorder (BED), although interpersonal psychotherapy appears to be equally effective for BED. Evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-ED for the persistent (adult) form of anorexia nervosa (AN) is insufficient at present and is essentially absent for AN in adolescents except for some evidence from uncontrolled trials. This article begins with an overview of the early studies in the development of CBT-ED that showed a similar effectiveness of other symptom-focused psychotherapies-a finding that was neglected at the time. Later developments are then considered, including comparisons of CBT-ED with other psychotherapies, efforts to develop Internet-based training and treatment, and electronic applications for treatment. Finally, implications of the findings for future short- and long-term research and for clinical practice are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38891681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}